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New methods for compacting graphite fiber powder composites developed by the authors are described. These methods help to remove considerable amounts of gases and liquid vapors from powder loaded into the punch-and-die set and from the compact prior to the main compacting operation.

Based on analysis of mechanical test the results a search is completed for the optimum content of the main alloying elements of maraging steels (MS) based on Fe–Cr–Ni–Mo that provides a combination of increased strength properties, impact strength, and static crack resistance. A multiple regression model that determines the dependence of the mechanical properties of steel on the alloying elements contained within them is proposed. It is shown that the optimization task is multi-factorial with conflicting criteria and can be effectively resolved using an “ideal point” method.

We analyze the accumulated experience of application of the technologies of utilization of the wastes of machine-building and metallurgy. It is shown that the most promising directions of utilization of wastes are connected with the development of technologies combining the procedures of recycling with the processes of formation of the functional coatings intended for the restoration and hardening of machine parts. We also indicate the efficiency of the procedure of electroerosion dispersion of the wastes of conducting materials used to obtain nano- and micro-sized powders suitable for the deposition of functional coatings. It is shown that the electric-contact welding of the wastes of tool-making industry enables us to obtain functional coatings as a result of combination of the processes of recycling, hardening, and restoration of machine parts without their melting. We also propose the technology of hardening of the plane surfaces of working elements of the agricultural equipment by electric-contact welding of the wastes of tool steel, which makes it possible to make their service life 1.8–2.0 times longer as compared with the service life of new commercially produced working tools.

Issues related to the study of wear resistance, strength, and other material characteristics of parts of tillage machinery are addressed. The importance of improving the heavy-duty tool of domestic tillage machines is evaluated. Chemical compositions and mechanical properties of steels for tools of agricultural machines of leading European manufacturers are given. New grades of steel for high-strength rolled products have been developed. Comparative results of laboratory bench tests for wear resistance of commercial and prototype domestic and foreign grades of rolled steel and powder hard-alloy coatings are presented. An effective technology for hard-facing of wearable parts of tillage machinery is substantiated and analyzed. Verification comparison performance and life-cycle tests of tools manufactured using new materials and facing technology were carried out. The life of the prototype tools was increased by a factor of 2.8 to 3.8. The market potential of using new materials science and technology developments in Russian agricultural production is assessed.

Results of the mechanical property and microstructure investigation of small diameter hollow cylindrical billets for body components made of medium-carbon steels after hot piercing in a cross-helical rolling mill, sizing and heat treatment by controlled cooling from rolling heating to sorbite are presented. On the basis of the plastic deformation and heat treatment regimes obtained workpieces are prepared with sizes and mechanical properties corresponding to the technical documentation specifications.

A methodology for developing models for digitally describing the process of smelting a semi-product in an electric arc furnace (EAF) is presented. The developed models are shown to facilitate the efficient smelting of scrap in terms of obtaining the optimal temperature for efficiently carrying out the dephosphorization process while reducing energy consumption in online mode.

Solutions to the problem of development of the rare metal industry in Russia by virtue of the “Metallurgy” business strategy adopted at JSC “Chepetsky Mechanical Plant” (ChMP) are considered. Prospects for the simultaneous processing of loparite and eudialyte from the Lovozerskoye deposit group are presented as part of a strategy for achieving a number of specified indicators for the production of tantalum, niobium, zirconium, and rare-earth element (REE) products.

We present the results of analysis of the procedures of utilization of wastes accumulated in metallurgy, mechanical engineering, and civil engineering, as well as household wastes. Thus, we describe and analyze the principal directions of waste processing. We propose a classification of wastes according to the possibility of their application in the same production, time of their formation, and chemical composition. We discuss the main procedures used for the processing of metal wastes. The classical and promising technologies of utilization of wastes are analyzed. We also indicate that it is reasonable to use wastes that do not require metallurgical remelting and emphasize the necessity of development of the alternative methods of their utilization characterized by relatively low energy consumption, ecological safety, and the possibility of application in the technologies of manufacturing, hardening, and renovation of machine parts.

An approach to creating methods for evaluating the quality of bearing steels aimed at the consumer is presented. The most important characteristics that determine bearing steel machinability and operating properties of objects made from them are determined by rolled structure homogeneity. Consumer requirements for products made of bearing steel grades focus primarily on steel purity with respect to nonmetallic inclusions and carbide inhomogeneity. An example of a technique for sampling and evaluation of carbide inhomogeneity developed for quality control of bearing steel grades based on the German technical rule SEP 1520 for Timken is provided. Specifications of GOST 801 and SEP 1520 are compared in relation to the evaluation of the most significant bearing steel metallographic characteristics that affect subsequent bearing operation. The advantages of using the scales of the technical regulation SEP 1520 compared with GOST 801 scales are demonstrated.

We consider specific features of variations of the properties of steels depending on the mode of their thermal treatment. We describe specific features of the influence of impulsive magnetic fields on the metals. We also present the results of testing of important operating characteristics of steels for different conditions of thermal treatment and combined processing with the application of impulsive magnetic fields. The aim of magnetic-pulse treatment is to shorten the idle time of commercial mining machines by increasing the service life of their consumable parts.

It is difficult to measure temperature changes inside steel blooms during steel production, so reliable numerical simulations are important for process optimization. In this work, thermocouples were located within a production reheating furnace and embedded inside a 72LX steel bloom. The temperature distributions within the bloom and the furnace as the bloom passed through the furnace were measured. These data were used to establish a two-dimensional model, and the heat transfer coefficients during the production process were obtained by inverse calculation. During bloom heating, we found a large difference between the upper and lower furnace temperatures in the third heating stage. The simulated values of the temperature field were in good agreement with the measured values, which indicates that the temperature field model for the production process was effectively established.

Results are presented for research on the problem of increasing the stability and durability of a diffusion aluminized coating on carbon steel 45 when held in an oxidizing atmosphere at 1100°C. A method is proposed for aluminizing from a three-layer impregnation mixture in which resorption of the aluminized layer is excluded and good oxidation resistance of the protected steel is provided. Experimental tests of an aluminized specimen made of steel 45 at a temperature of 1100°C for 200 hours showed that under the specified conditions there is 10% better oxidation resistance than for steel 12X18H10T and 1140% better than for unaluminized steel 45.

Comprehensive studies of tubing made of 36CrMn2Si and 38CrMn steels have shown that 38CrMn steel has better corrosion resistance compared to 36CrMn2Si steel. А reduction in steel silicon content leads to an increase in corrosion resistance. Increased contamination with complex nonmetallic inclusions of unfavorable composition has an unfavorable effect on corrosion resistance, as well as presence of chemical inhomogeneity in the form of banding.

The paper presents the results of numerous studies into hot pipe extrusion and pipe end upsetting processes using the Gleeble 3800 physical simulation system. The Gleeble 3800 system has been widely applied in the development of effective technologies for producing pipes from alloy steels and titanium alloys. The authors describe various possibilities for using the research data produced by the Gleeble 3800 system when designing technology for hot pipe extrusion and developing pipe end upsetting modes.

The influence of finish rolling and accelerated cooling stages on structure and property formation for low-manganese steel under laboratory conditions is studied. Rolling ends at temperatures in both the γ-region and at various temperatures in the γ + α-region. Accelerated cooling completion temperature is varied in the range of 630–350°C. Comprehensive analysis of the microstructure, crystallographic texture, and fine structure parameters of laboratory rolled specimen is performed. Specific features of structure and property formation are studied and compared with known pipe steels. The range of rolling parameters providing an optimum combination of strength, toughness, and cold resistance is determined.

We consider actual problems of production, transportation, and storage of hydrogen and demonstrate the urgency and prospects of subsequent investigations and introduction of hydrogen-based technologies in powder metallurgy. We present predictions of an international organization according to which commercial mass production of hydrogen is expected in the nearest future. This will make hydrogen less costly and more available for the extensive applications in various branches of science and industry. It is indicated that hydrogen is not only a promising alternative energy carrier but also an efficient reducer for numerous metals and alloys and an element applied in various technologies of powder metallurgy aimed at getting broad ranges of high-quality products. It is assumed that hydrogen can find extensive applications in industry in the future.

We present the analysis of the mechanism of in-service wear of the working rolls of wide-band rolling mills on an example of a 1950 mill from the casting-rolling complex of the “VMZ” JSC. We determine the main regularities of the process of wear that should be taken into account in planning roll changes in the course of operation. The performed analysis of the character of the wear profiles enables us to use a more reasonable approach to the choice and correction of sizes in the process of turning the rolls down to the required size.

One of the key problems associated with current trends in the development of the iron and steel industries in Russia and CIS countries concerns the recycling of industrial waste products. This problem arose as a result of extensive industry development combined with changing consumer attitudes to the environment involving tens of millions of tons of metallurgical production wastes occupying vast territories and destroying land utility by polluting the soil and water basin. The present paper analyses the current state of steelmaking slag recycling both in CIS and non-CIS countries. The accumulated experience of world practice in solving the problem of steelmaking slag recycling is described in detail. Particular attention is paid to converter slag recycling in the metallurgical processes of JSC ArcelorMittal Temirtau, in which converter scrap is utilized as part of the sinter charge. A generalized analysis of the data on the yield of slag processing products and the iron content of scrap and dump slag indicated the total amount of extracted iron (27.6%) to be significantly less than its proportion in the dump (64.6% of the total iron content). The possibility of increasing the yield of the magnetic part from the converter slag fraction and metallic iron extraction was experimentally confirmed. Calculated sintering indicators for sinter scrap are given: a 0.2% increase in the iron content is accompanied by an increase in the consumption of fine coke by 0.2 kg per 1 ton of the finished sinter.

Metallurgical quality parameters for continuously-cast wheel steel billets prepared by technology described in part 1 of the article are studied. Morphology, volume fraction, chemical composition, and location of nonmetallic inclusions in different areas of continuously-cast billets modified with calcium are examined. It is shown that continuously-cast wheel steel billets manufactured by technology introduced in AO TAGMET correspond entirely to specifications for high-speed railway transport products.

The paper analyzes the effect of preliminary deformation of continuously cast billets (CCB) made of chromium-containing grades of steel by radial-shear rolling (RDR) on the structure and properties of seamless pipes. A bar stock measuring 105 mm in diameter was obtained using an RDR mill at large feed angles (β = 21°). A comparative analysis of the microstructure of the initial CCB and hotrolled bars has shown that radial-shear rolling enables intensive refinement of the structure of continuously cast billets, and ensures a high-quality (70 to 90%) work-up of the cast structure at reduction ratios of 2.0 to 2.2. A pipe-rolling mill (PRM) installed at the Pervoural’sk New Pipe Plant JSC (PNPP JSC) was used to obtain seamless pipes from the deformed bars, and the mechanical properties of such pipes were studied. It was found that the pipes obtained from the experimental billets are fully compliant with the ISO 11960:2004 requirements for strength group J55 (σt > 517 MPa; σ0.2 > 379 MPa; δ > 16%). In addition, the level of plastic properties of the experimental pipes (based on present elongation δ5, %) exceeds the ISO 11960:2004 requirements by 1.6–1.8 times. To achieve a comparable level of properties using the existing technology, an additional heat treatment (HT) is required, which points to the potential advantages of using RDR pre-deformed billets to obtain seamless pipes with the required properties.

It is shown that the structure of alloys based on titanium nickelide, obtained by industrial technology, invariably contains titanium-rich phases of type Ti2Ni/Ti4Ni2(O, N), even if the nickel concentration in the B2-phase exceeds the equiatomic composition. The volume fraction of these phases depends on the smelting method, the purity of the charge, and the technology used for subsequent ingot processing. Regression equations linking shape recovery temperatures with the concentration of nickel in the B2-phase in the quenched state are presented. On the basis of these equations, a method for calculating the volume fraction of Ti3Ni4 type particles released during aging is proposed.

It is shown that there are two basic types of design of roller leveling machines (RLM) according to the principle of adjustment of the gap between the rollers, namely, with parallel and inclined arrangement of the rollers. We present the dependences for the numerical analyses of the curvature of reverse bend and the adjustment gap for the RLM both with horizontal and inclined positions of the rollers. It is demonstrated that, in the case of straightening performed in an RLM with horizontal arrangement of the rollers, the gap decreases from 38.8 to 7.8 mm as the thickness of the sheet made of 10KhSND steel decreases from 40 to 12 mm. For the sheet made of 10G2S1D steel, it decreases from 38.6 to 7.2 mm and for the sheet made of 14Kh2GMR steel from 38.6 to 6.2 mm. In the case of straightening carried out in an RLM with inclined arrangement of the rollers for a sheet made of 10KhSND steel with a thickness of 20 mm, the minimal gap constitutes Cmin = 19.6 mm, while the maximal gap Cmax = 20.0 mm. Moreover, for 10G2S1D steel, we get Cmin = 19.5 mm and Cmax = 20.0 mm. Finally, for 12G2MFT steel, we find Cmin = 19.3 mm and Cmax = 19.9 mm. We performed the experimental straightening of sheets of 10 steel 16 mm in thickness and 2400 mm in width on a seven-roller RLM (produced by Severstal’). The comparison of the experimental value of gap Cexp = 13.1 with its theoretical value Ccalc = 12.8 mm shows that difference between these values is equal to 4.5%.

The main trend in the world’s pipe rolling production is the use of a continuous longitudinal rolling mill in a pipe-rolling line. In such mills, shells are rolled into pipes using long cylindrical mandrels, which are subject to severe temperature and force conditions. In addition, mandrels are the most expensive tool of continuous mills. The wear of mandrels during rolling, producing different wall thickness with a mandrel of the same diameter, and producing the same wall thickness with mandrels of different diameters necessitate adjusting the position of the rolls in the mill stands. The adjustment of the position of the rolls in the stands of a mill is known to lead to changes in the wall thickness and the formation of defects on the surface of the mother pipe, which affects other parameters of the process. This necessitates experimental study into the process of longitudinal rolling of pipes in order to evaluate the effect of the mandrel diameter on the accuracy of pipes, the angle of contact between the mandrel and the metal, and the overfill of the groove. The defects caused by the irrational choice of the diameter of a cylindrical mandrel are characterized. Lead was used as a model material for making samples during the study.

We perform investigations aimed at the development of the main technological parameters of melting of high-chromium corrosion-resistant refractory nickel alloys in vacuum induction furnaces. We study the problems of refining of these alloys with removal of admixtures and gases in the course of melting in vacuum induction furnaces with crucibles whose mass does not exceed 1000 kg and also of their microalloying with rare-earth metals and, in particular, with lanthanum. We determined the influence of size of melting crucible and the angle of its inclination on the efficiency of refining of the melt. Finally, we compared the quality of the metal melted according to the developed parameters with a similar metal supplied from abroad.

Main parameters of secondary refinement and continuous casting for 400 mm wheel steel billets of grade 2 (GOST 10791–2011) manufactured by AO TAGMET are determined that provide the minimum nonmetallic inclusion content and absence of steelmaking defects detected with railway wheel ultrasonic monitoring. Additional monitoring procedures for continuously cast billet quality control are described in order to provide steel chemical composition homogeneity over a billet cross section and to minimize central porosity.

The partial and complete replacement of coke breeze with anthracite for sintering Bahariya iron ore at the Egyptian Iron & Steel Company (EISCO) was carried out. The best results were obtained for 25% of coke breeze replaced with anthracite. The specific productivity increased from 0.914 to 1.247 t/m2 /h, the sinter strength increased from 88 to 90%, the porosity increased from 16.25 to 16.89%, and the reducibility increased from 62.94 to 65.42%. The sinter softening interval did not change, remaining 90°C. Replacing 50, 75, and 100% of coke breeze with anthracite reduced the specific productivity, increased the FeO content of the sinter, increased the sinter strength from 88 to 94%, decreased the reducibility from 62.94 to 49.07%, and increased the softening interval from 90 to 113°С.

The authors consider the refinement of the microstructure of copper (grade M1) on the rate of deformation using a “helical rolling-pressing” method. The deformation was performed at 500°C. It was shown that high intensity of the shear deformations characteristic of helical rolling and a combined process of “helical rolling-pressing” allows for a significant grain refinement. The minimum grain size is obtained when the mill rolls rotate at 120 rpm.

We study the process of oxidation of cyanides, thiocianates, and complex cyanides by a combination of ozone with hydrogen peroxide (peroxone reagent) in model solutions and sorption tails of a gold recovery plant. We establish the kinetic dependences of the oxidation of cyanides, thiocyanates, and complex cyanides by hydrogen peroxide and ozone on the ozone–hydrogen-peroxide ratio, pH value, and the concentration of copper ions. The rate constants of the oxidation of thiocyanate by peroxone are determined and the influence of the concentration of thiocyanate on its oxidation by ozone and hydrogen peroxide is analyzed. On the basis of the accumulated results, we propose a technology of cleaning of cyanide-containing waters (peroxone process) by using a combination of ozone with hydrogen peroxide.

Defects of low-carbon engineering steels 18Kh2N4MA, 25Kh2N4MA, 25G2S2N2MA reducing the operating life of components are studied. The most common metallurgical processing defects are: non-metallic inclusions, structural banding, internal cracks and pores. It is established that inclusion of titanium carbonitride significantly reduces the operating life of heavily loaded components. Defects formed during component heat and chemical heat treatment are also considered.

A method for determining the rational distribution of cooling intensity of a round billet in a SCZ within which the amount of heat removed from the surface of the calculated section of the billet at each instant of time is equal to the sum of the amount of heat released at the solidification front and the amount of heat corresponding to already solidified metal mass cooling at a specified rate, is proposed. The adequacy of the method is verified by prescribing the distribution of the cooling intensity obtained as boundary conditions in a mathematical model of the temperature field of a continuously cast billet. During treatment of the simulated results values of the solidification coefficient are established that within the limits of the permissible error are consistent with the values used as starting data within the framework of the method proposed.

Mechanical properties as well as crack resistance and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance parameters of ultralow-carbon martensite steels (ULMS) type 05H2G2B and HSLA pipe steel 10G2FB with a different structures depending on processing are investigated. It is shown that despite a higher strength level, SCC resistance of ULMS steel is 25–30% higher than for HSLA steel with ferrite-perlite structure and close to that for this steel subjected to quenching and tempering.

Fatigue properties of contemporary low-carbon micro-alloyed structural steel grades have not been studied sufficiently in spite of a large amount of available reference information. This slows down and hinders introduction of the latest generation of structural steel grades into production chains for manufacturers of heavy machinery and structures. According to multicycle fatigue test results for plate steel grade DAN400 36 mm thick with σy = 450 MPa, Cequ = 0.27%, and Pwi = 0.12% produced by thermomechanical treatment technology with accelerated cooling (TMTT + AC) the fatigue strength (σ–1, MPa) on a base of two million cycles, the index of the left-hand branch of the fatigue curve m = 1/α, and coefficients C and α in the equation for the left-hand branch of the fatigue curve σ–1 = С·N–α are determined. An experimental fatigue curve is constructed on double logarithmic coordinates for the test steel.

This article describes the implementation stages of nondestructive testing (NDT) methods at Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Company, starting with the creation of the first NDT devices. Aspects of the application of current NDT applications and their development are reviewed.

Powders of composite materials based on Mo–Ti–Zr–C and Mo–Hf–C systems are prepared by a mechanical alloying method. Evolution of the grain size composition of powders based on the Mo–Ti–Zr–C and Mo–Hf–C systems is considered at various stages of mechanical alloying. Alloying element distribution and microstructure of composite powders based on the Mo–Ti–Zr–C and Mo–Hf–C systems are investigated. The contents of oxygen and zirconium that appeared in the powders during mechanical alloying are determined.

We explored the use of calcined lime to reduce the physical/mechanical moisture content of Kursk Magnetic Anomaly concentrate. We describe the techniques used for the laboratory experiments, as well as the results obtained. We determine the optimum moisture content of the concentrate to prevent it from freezing in winter, while reducing limestone consumption during sinter production.

A new generalized method for calculating the rolling radius is developed. It is based on an analysis of the real shape of the neutral line in the deformation zone provided that the workpiece in equilibrium under the forces applied to it. It is established that there can be four characteristic positions of the neutral line within the contact surface between the roll and the workpiece. The particular case where the neutral line lies in a plane parallel to the rolling axis and the calculated rolling radius is effective is considered. The actual and effective rolling radii in the case of plugless rolling of pipes in oval roll passes are calculated and compared. A best-fit formula for correcting the calculated values of the effective rolling radius is obtained.

A process flow design for the processing of waste cable products into semi-finished products in the form of small copper chops is proposed. The proposed scheme, which eliminates requirement for melting operations, is based on the implementation of a number of special techniques in the preparation of raw materials with the subsequent application of briquetting, extrusion and drawing operations using annealing operations in the final segment. In the aggregate form, this approach provides for the production of rods and wires with the required level of mechanical characteristics and a reasonable combination of structural components, allowing the development of proposed areas of practical application of products made from recyclates.

We study an actual problem of cleaning of conveyor belts from adhered finely divided materials in the process of operation of belt conveyors. The material remaining on the belts causes numerous problems for the conveyor transport. In the course of time, adhered particles fall into the subconveyor space, thus violating the normal operation of the conveyor. This also leads to rapid failures of the roller supports, excessive abrasion of the working surface of the belt, and hence, to a more rapid wear of the conveyor belt. The procedure of cleaning of the belts enables one to remove the indicated problems. At present, there are various types of available cleaning units. Each of these units has its own advantages and disadvantages. In most cases, this complicates the choice of the required unit. We estimate the efficiency of application of a discrete double-row scraper cleaner of the conveyor belt. Its application increases the degree of cleaning without damaging the surface of the belt due to the presence of a counterbalance clamping attachment.

A thickness distribution model of a coating formed under microarc oxidation of aluminum and its alloys is considered for two extreme cases: a point cathode and a cathode parallel to the sample surface. In the case of the point cathode, the change in the thickness of the formed aluminum coatings was determined. It was experimentally established that the best results for the uniform distribution of the coating thickness in the process of microarc oxidation are provided by the condition of plane-parallel installation of electrodes (cathodes) relative to the plane of the oxidized sample. The main technological factors determining the operational properties of coatings formed in this way are considered.

The specifics of forming and operating the electrodes of slag-cleaning electric furnaces of the Nadezhdinsk Metallurgical Plant have been studied. It was found that the main factors causing electrode breaks include significant fluctuations of the molten pool level and underroof space temperatures of the furnaces.

We present a survey of the main specific features of the continuous casting of billets of copper-based alloys with small cross sections. It is possible to significantly increase the efficiency and reduce the cost of production of lengthy semifinished products made of nonferrous alloys either by replacing the process of deformation by continuous casting or by significantly decreasing the cross sections of the billets intended for plastic metal working. It is shown that, for the major part of alloys, the process of upward continuous casting has numerous technological, economic, and metallurgical advantages as compared with other procedures of drawing. We also describe the regularities of solidification of the billets and formation of defects in the course of upward continuous casting, the specific features of design of the mold, the requirements to the properties of the graphitic jacket of the mold, and the characteristics of the modes of casting depending on the properties of the alloys.

Two-high screw piercing of steel 50 billets was performed at feed angles of 15 and 18 degrees. Piercing was stopped at 10–12 mm distance from the rear end of the billet. Axial fracture was registered at 15 degrees feed angle in front of the mandrel nose, while no fracture was observed at 18 degrees feed angle. Piercing for similar parameters was simulated using DEFORM finite element analysis software, and several criteria were used for fracture prediction. Ayada criterion was ineffective, as evidenced by the comparison with experimental data. The normalized Cockcroft–Latham criterion was effective for fracture prediction only in the axial zone. Results of this study showed that the most effective technique for fracture prediction is the construction of a dependence of “accumulated strain–stiffness coefficient of tension” along the trajectory of the point movement.

Redistribution of carbon and other elements, and formation of the structure, composition, and properties of low-carbon Nb, Nb–Ti, Nb–V, Nb–V–Mo and Ti–Mo microalloyed steels during hot rolling is studied using metal of five laboratory melts. It is established that by selecting the temperature for the beginning of rolling in the finishing group of stands according to steel composition (microalloying system) it is possible to achieve a significant improvement in the homogeneity of the composition, structure, and set of rolled product properties. Therefore, it is demonstrated by experiment that chemical and structural heterogeneity of metal formed in the billet casting stage may be largely eliminated during hot rolling on the basis of controlling carbide (carbonitride) precipitate formation.

The article presents the results of an experimental study into the distribution of contact stresses (pressures) along the length of a milling roll barrel and external longitudinal stresses measured by a magnetic anisotropy sensor (MAD) with an accuracy of ±1 MPa over a width of 250 mm of a steel (08kp) strip with a thickness of about 1 mm during cold rolling at the exit from a four-roller mill 205/360 × 500. A quantitative analysis shows the influence of longitudinal stresses in the outer parts of the steel strip on the metal pressure in the deformation zone. An equation is proposed for calculating the coefficient of the influence of unevenness and distribution of longitudinal stresses along the strip width at the exit from the mill on the pressure of the metal on the rolls. A computer-aided design (CAD) system was used to model and calculate the deformation and strength indicators of rolling thin strips, taking into account the influence of the characteristics of the rigid ends on the deformation zone. The graphs of the distribution of normal and tangential stresses along the length of the deformation zone are calculated depending on the longitudinal stresses. I. M. Pavlov’s theory about the significant influence of the external “hard” parts of the strip on the pressure of the metal on the rolls is empirically demonstrated. Based on the results of the experiments, an equation is proposed that takes into account the effect of the uneven longitudinal stresses in the outer parts and the stiffness of the strip on the pressure. The equation for determining the average metal pressure on the rolls is refined, taking into account the influence of the outer parts of the strip on the deformation zone during thin-sheet rolling.

The angular thermal radiation coefficients and the efficiency of arcs for different distances from them to the walls of electric-arc furnaces of 0.5 to 120 t capacity are calculated. A relationship between the arc efficiency and the specific power consumption of the furnaces is established. The arc efficiency versus the depth of submersion of the arcs into the metal bath and slag in high- and low-capacity electric-arc furnaces is calculated and plotted.

Features of metal structure formation in the finishing group of a continuous broad-strip mill are studied using a physical modeling method. Wedge-shaped samples of low carbon steel are rolled in a two-roll laboratory mill at 880–1070 °С in one and two passes. Results of modeling rolling conditions for low-carbon steel strips and subsequent cooling make it possible to establish the main laws governing metal structure formation. Industrial testing of the calculated rolling regimes and subsequent cooling of low-carbon steel strips in the 2000 NLMK mill confirm the possibility of improving finished rolled product mechanical properties.

We study the process of high-pressure water spraying of powders of austenitic stainless steels in a small-scale installation with a furnace capacity of 25 kg. The technological characteristics of the obtained powders are analyzed depending on the conditions of spraying. It is shown that, as the ratio of the amounts of high-pressure water and sprayed metal melt increases, the shapes of formed particles change from rounded and even spherical to irregular and spongy with highly developed surfaces. This effect is explained by an increase in the rate of cooling of formed particles, which prevents the possibility of their spheroidization in the course of motion from the focus of spraying to the level of cooling water in the chamber. Hence, by changing the ratio of the amounts of high-pressure water to the amount of the melt, we can get high-quality powders of prescribed shapes. These powders can be used in various fields of the contemporary industry.

Intermetallic alloys based on TiAl compound are most promising high-temperature materials for gas turbine engines. The effect of alloying TiAl with active elements together with hot deformation and heat treatment on the structure of stamped components is studied. Alloy composition is selected and hot pressure treatment and heat treatment parameters are selected providing an improved set of mechanical properties in stamped components.

Corrosion testing determines the resistance of materials to corrosion under certain environmental conditions including temperature, humidity, and salt water. There are many methods to measure or access corrosion resistance or materials. The study reviews the main methods for assessing the corrosion resistance of structural steels in aquatic environments and moist atmosphere conditions. The method of alternate immersion in a 3.5% NaCl solution has been established as the most complete and reliable method for determining the corrosion resistance of auto-plate steels under atmospheric conditions. There are many standardized corrosion test methods used to assess the corrosion resistance of structural steels in seawater (ASTM G52, ISO 11306, ISO 20340, ISO 2812-2, and GOST 9.909). However, in the Russian Federation, it is nowadays necessary to update the existing standards and develop a new set of standards for testing materials in different zones of exposure to seawater with different corrosion activities.

In view of the increasing competition in the market of rolled products, the problem of evaluation of the quality of strips in various stages of the process of rolling seems to be quite urgent. As the main geometric criteria of the quality of rolled strips, we can mention the cross-sectional profile of hot-rolled semifinished products and the plot of specific tension in the strips after cold rolling. We discuss the problems of formalization of measurements of the cross-sectional profiles, classification of hot-rolled profiles into characteristic types, and the influence of these criteria on the formation of the plots of specific tension in cold-rolled strips.