Search

This study was carried out in the laboratory of collage of agriculture and Forestry to identifying the phenolic compounds for ten kinds of plants of the species used in plant identification, The crude lipid free extract was prepared by using soxhlet and Petroleum ether and Ethanol as a solvent, HPLC High performers liquid Chromatography was used for determining phenolic compounds in the extract. The results showed the isolation of 8phenolic compounds including (Hydroquino, Salicylis acid, Coumarin, Cinnamic acid, Thymol,Quercetin, Rutin,Gallic acid), The results were showed many differences in the number and rates of these phenolic compounds between the species, Salicylic acid was the purulent in species of Fabaceae family,(Trifolium purpureum, T. campestre,T. palaestin),foure importent phenolic compounds in the Asteraceae family differ according to the species (Centaurea pallascens, Centaurea solstitialis, Centaurea calcitrapa)in clouding (Quercetin, Coumarin, Cinnamic acid, Salicylic acid), while in Fagaceae family Quercus infectoria four types of phenolic compounds were identified, Rutin was the only identified of the phenolic compounds, the remaning compounds were unknown glycosides,while in Quercus aegilops two chemical compounds(Quercietin and Salicylic acid) were identified. These differences in chemical compounds could be used as an indicator for plant identification .

This study was carried out in the laboratory of college of agriculture and forestry to identifying the phenolic compounds for twenty kinds of plants used in plant identification, The crude lipid free extract was prepared by using soxhlet and Petroleum ether and Ethanol as a solvent, Thin layer technique was used for determine phenolic compounds in the extract. The results showed the isolation of 27 phenol compounds including Salicylic acid, Vanillin, Catechol, Gallic acid, p–Hydroxybenzoic acid Resorcenol, Coumarin, Phenol, Cinnamic acid, Rutin, Quercetin, Kaempferol, Hydroquinone, Syringic acid, Ellagic acid, Myricetin, Apigenin, Ferulic acid, Lutelen, Catiechin, Afzelechin, Epiafzelechin) Esuliten, Apicathichin, Gallocatechin, Herniaren, Thymol) phenolic compounds between the species, Salicylic acid was the purulent. The results were showed many differences in the number and rates of Salicylic acid, Vanillin, Catechol, Gallic acid, p – Hydroxybenzoic acid Resorcenol,, Coumarin, Phenol, Cinnamic acid, Rutin, Quercetin, Kaempferol, Hydroquinone, Syringic acid, Ellagic acid, Myricetin, Apigenin, Ferulic acid, Lutelen, Catiechin, Afzelechin, Epiafzelechin), Esuliten, Apicathichin, Gallocatechin, Herniaren, Thymol) The result showed many differences in phenolic compounds in the Genus and between the species and semelirty of species in same Genus in some of phenolic compounds (Salicylic acid, Quercetin) were the purulent in Fabaceae family (Trifolium, Onobrychis) Genus, also the result showed differences between (Hordeum bulbosum, H. glaucum) in Poaceae family,some differences showed between (Quercus aegilops, Q. infectoria) in Fagaceae family,the result appeared many differences in kind and number and percentage of phenolic compounds between species in chemical compounds could be used as an indicator for plant identification

Almond seedlings which were grown at fruit field / Horticulture and Land Scape Design / College of Agriculture and Forestry during 2012 growing season were fertilized with three levels of nitrogen (0, 50 and 100 gm N/seedling ) by using urea fertilizer (46 % N) as a sourse of nitrogen, three levels of humus liquid fertilizer (18% humic acid) (0, 5 and 10 ml humus/L/seedling) and foliar spray with two concentrations of gibberellic acid (0 and 75 mg GA3 / L), to improve seedlings vegetative growth and budding success percentage. Results indicated that the treatments of 100g N/seedling +5 ml humus / L / seedling + 0 mg GA3 / L. gave the highest means leaves N concentrations (1.14 %) and seedling leaves area (2119.40 cm2/seedling), Meanwhil the treatment of 100g N/seedling +10 ml humus / L / seedling + 0 mg GA3 / L. gave the highest means of leaves chlorophyll (60.20 SPAD unit) and budding successes (100 %). The highest means of seedling height increament was obtaind at the treatment of 100g N/seedling +0 ml humus / L / seedling + 0 mg GA3 / L. (100.49 cm).

The experiment was conducted out under the conditions of the greenhouse at the Field of Crop Science, Mosul University on 2012. The aim of the research is to study the effect of length and diameter of Johnsongrass rhizomes planted at different densities on the regeneration and produce shoots and roots at the ends of both cutting rhizome. The study included three factors, rhizome diameter < 4mm and < 3mm, number of buds on the rhizome cutting i.e (1, 2, 3 buds) and the third factor was planting densities at (2, 4, 8) rhizome segments in each pot. The experiment was set out as factorial system using complete randomized design with three replicates. The results clearly showed that none of the segments of one bud and with

The objectives of this research were to determine the knowledge needs of vegetable cultivators in Rabeaa District / Neneveh Governorate in the field of anti-bush leaves by using Altopek pesticide, also to find out the differences of farmers knowledge needs according to some factors and to determine the relation between the knowledge needs and set of independent factors. The research sample included 93 respondents. The data were collected through questionnaire consisted of tow parts, the first one included the independent factors, while the second part consisted of 20 items. To measure the respondent knowledge needs by using Borich model. Data were analyzed by using arithmetic mean, analysis of variance and multiple step-wise regression analysis after testing the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The results showed that 63.441% of the respondents were medium knowledge needs, and the highest knowledge need was the item spraying of pesticide in a homogeneous unit area, also there were significant differences in the degree of farmers knowledge needs according to: age, education level, number of years using pesticides sources of information and previous training. While there were no significant differences according to: farmers attitudes towards use of pesticide and annual income. Multiple step-wise regression analysis should that education level explained 24.462% of the variation degree of farmers knowledge needs.

This experiment was conducted by using black seed powder (Nigella sativa) at the rate of 0.0, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30% in the diet of 144 layers/chicks ISA BROWN 2000, and the age from 4 up to 16 weeks, the chicks were allocated on to four feeding treatments to study its effect on some productive and physiological traits and the immune response against Newcastle disease and Avian Influenza (AI) viruses. Result showed that treatments had no significant effect on pullets productive traits studied, but age intervals had significant effect on most productive traits. Treatments had significant effect on pullets immune response, so caused high antibody titer against Newcastle disease (ND) virus in blood plasma mainly for the group fed (0.30% black seed powaer).Age intervals had a significant effect on pullets immune response, so their titer against ND and (AI) viruses were improved significantly.

The objectives of this research were to determine the farmers knowledge level in Alnamrood District / Nineveh Governorate in the fields of overuse dangers of chemical fertilizers. Then to find out the differences of farmers knowledge according to some variables. The research sample included 84 respondents, data were collected through questionnaire consisted of two parts, the first was to measure the independent variables, the second part consisted of 29 items distributed to three dimensions of overuse dangers of chemical fertilizers. Content validity and comparison of extreme groups were used also, reliability was tested by using Kuder-Richardson estimates which was 0.92, item analysis was used, and data were analyzed by using arithmetic mean, percentage, and Kruskal-Wallis test. The results showed that 55.952% of the respondents had lowest knowledge in overuse dangers of chemical fertilizers, and the lowest knowledge level of respondents were in the field of dangers overuse of chemical fertilizers on human and the highest knowledge level of respondents were in the field of overuse dangers of chemical fertilizes on plant. Also, there were significant differences in the degree of farmers knowledge according to: education level, number of years using chemical fertilizers, cultural openness, degree of dependence on agricultural work, previous training and sources of information. While there were no significant differences according to number of family members working in agriculture.

The objectives of this research were to determine the farmers knowledge level in Sinjar District / Nineveh Governorate in the fields of crop rotations, and to determine farmers knowledge level in each field and item, also to find out the differences of farmers knowledge according to some factors, and to determine the relationship between the degree of knowledge and a set of independent factors. The research sample included 72 respondents. The data were collected through an interview. Special questionnaire has been developed to estimate farmers knowledge level by using test method after testing the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Percentage weight, arithmetic mean, analysis of variance and multiple step-wise regression analysis were used in analyzing the data. It was found that 52.778% of the respondents were of medium knowledge level in using crop rotations. The highest knowledge level of respondents were in the field of maintaining soil fertility. Also there were significant differences in the degree of farmers knowledge according to: age, education level, type of land tenure number of years using crop rotations, desire for renewal and previous training. While there were no significant differences according to: social statue and sources of information. Also it was found that the factor number of years using crop rotations explained 29.542% of the variation degree of farmers knowledge level.

The objectives of this research were to determine the importance of Agricultural technologies recommended for vegetable cultivators in Shirqat District Sallah AL-Deen Province in the field of rational use of irrigation water then to determine their training needs, and to find out the relationship between the importance and training needs of the cultivators. The research sample included 86 respondents. The data were collected through an interview after testing the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The researcher used arithmetic mean, percentage and spearman rank correlation to analyze the data. It was found that 51.164% of the respondents stated that agricultural technologies were highly important for their agricultural work, and 43.023% of them perceive a high need for training. The item (knowledge of water requirement for each type of vegetables during each stages of growth stage) got the first rank order for its importance and training needs. It was also found that there is a significant correlation between the ranking of the research items. According to their importance in one hand, and that of the training needs in the other.

The objectives of this research were to determine the level using of vegetable cultivators of the chemical fertilizer in Shirqat district Sallah AL-Deen province to three vegetables: Tomato, Eggplant and Okra, and to find out if differences exist in the degree of this use according to some factores, and to determine the relationship between using level and some of independent factors. The research sample included 78 respondents, the data were collected through an interview after testing the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, the researcher used arithmetic mean, analysis of variance and multiple step-wise regression analysis to analyze the data. It was found that there were high level-use for 26.923% of the respondents to all vegetables, also it was found that there were significant differences in the degree of using according to factors: age, family participation, education level, years of using chemical fertilizer, degree of dependence on agricultural and social status, while there were no significant differences according to: type of land tenure and sources of information. Also, it was found that the factor years using chemical fertilizer explained 34.874% of the variation degree of level use.

The objectives of this research were to determine the importance of Agricultural technologies for the wheat cultivators in Rabeaa District in Nenevah Governorate and to find out the relationship between the importance and training needs of the cultivators. The research sample included 144 respondents. A questionnaire was developed to collect the data which was analyzed by using the Arithmetic mean and percentage and spearman rank correlation. It was found that 63% of the respondent stated that agricultural technologies were highly important for their agricultural work, and 54% of then feel a high need for training. The item (How to use Deices insecticide for controlling Sunn pesta) get the first rank order for its importance and training need. It was also found that there is a significant correlation between the ranking of the research items according to their importance on one hand, and that of the training needs on the other.

The objectives of this research were to asses the training needs of Tommato farmers in Sengar District in new technology and its relationship with some factors. The research sample included (58) farmers representing (10%) of the total number of tommato farmers in Sengar District. A questionnaire was developed to collect the data which was analyzed by using simple correlation and step wise regression analysis. It was found that the high training need was in item, How to use insecticide to cantrol fruite worm it was also found that there are negative and significant relationship between the degree of the farmers training needs and these factors: Education level, years of work in agriculture, standard of living. According to these finding it is recommended to develop training programs for farmers, specially younger farmers, with lower standard of living and lower education.

Eight varieties of durum wheat were used in a complet diallel cross involving dialer cross involving, Leeds, Waha, Um-Rabie5, Azagar1, Um-Rabie 3,Brashua, Cyprus1 and Korfila to estimate the nature and magnitude of gene effect through variance components and graphical analysis for heading time, flag leaf area, maturity time, plant height, biological yield, number of tillers plant, number of spikes plant, grain yield, harvest index, 100 - grain weight, number of grains spike and grains protein contents. The additive variance was found to be significant for all characters, and dominance for the most characters, estimation of the additive variances were relatively higher than the additive one for heading time, flag leaf area, plant height and biological yield, while the reverse for others. Narrow sense heritability values ranged from 7.5% for harvest index to 86.2% for flag leaf area, and the ghraphic analysis revealed to the over dominance for plant height and biological yield whereas, partial dominance for the remnant. The genetic variability among varaieties for the most characters suggesting the recurrent selection for exploiting prevalent types of gene action in order to evolve a superior varieties of durum wheat