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A comparative analysis of the studies on the influence of the textile structure of reinforcing fabric on the physicomechanical and sorption characteristics of anion-exchange systems as a component of the “Polikon” mosaic materials is presented in this study. This study shows the promise of using polyester fibers as a reinforcing fiber base for the production of Polikon A membrane materials. The morphology, moisture capacity, static exchange capacity, and physical and mechanical characteristics of anion-exchange membrane systems were investigated. A modification of Polikon A anion-exchange matrices on lavsan fabric by oxidized ultrafine particles of silicon, iron and nickel is proposed.

The possibility of using nonwoven fabric made of a viscose fiber to produce Polykon mosaic materials is demonstrated for the first time in this work. The materials are obtained by polycondensation filling of polymer composites, namely, by the synthesis and curing of a weakly basic anionite and a strongly acidic sulfo cationite on the surface and in the structure of a nonwoven material made of viscose fiber. The techniques and technological parameters of the production processes are discussed. The “transition from the cationite to the anionite” process scheme in combination with the optimum times of curing is selected. The effect of the composition of the “compound” on the properties of mosaic materials is investigated. A comparative analysis of the obtained materials with Polykon mosaic materials based on a novolac phenol formaldehyde fibrous matrix is performed. The thermal stability and physical and mechanical properties of the mosaic membranes are studied.

A unique method for producing Polikon cation–anion exchange mosaic materials has been proposed. The materials were prepared by the polycondensation filling of polymer composites and via synthesis and curing of a weakly basic anion exchanger and a strongly acidic sulfonated cation exchanger on the surface and in the structure of a fibrous novolac phenol–formaldehyde matrix. Molecular models that characterize the chemical composition of the developed composites are given. The effect of the composition that facilitates the formation of a material with stable performance characteristics has been studied. The cause-and-effect relationships of the structural, physicochemical, and operational properties of the heterogeneous cation–anion-exchange mosaic materials Polikon under thermomechanical action at the stage of polymer matrix curing were investigated. Empirical equations that refine these relationships were obtained. The morphology and internal structure of the test heterogeneous membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive elemental analysis. The viscoelastic properties of the samples were studied by dynamic thermomechanical analysis.