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Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based solid polymer electrolytes doped with ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) and glycerol were fabricated using a solution casting method. Lithium-based energy storage devices are not environmentally friendly materials, and they are toxic. Thus, proton-conducting materials were used in this work as they are harmless and are smaller than lithium. The interaction between PVA and the electrolyte elements was shown by FTIR analysis. The highest conductivity of 1.82 × 10−5 S cm−1 was obtained by the highest-conducting plasticized system (PSP_2) at room temperature. The mobility, diffusion coefficient, and number density of anions and cations were found to increase with increasing glycerol. FESEM was used to investigate the influence of glycerol on film morphology. TNM showed that the cations and anions were the main charge carriers. LSV showed that the electrochemical stability window of the PSP_2 system was 1.99 V. The PSP_2 system was applied in the preparation of an electrical double layer capacitor device. The shape of the cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve was nearly rectangular with no Faradaic peaks. From the galvanostatic charge-discharge analysis, the power density, energy density, and specific capacitance values were nearly constant beyond the first cycle at 318.73 W/Kg, 2.06 Wh/Kg, and 18.30 F g−1, respectively, for 450 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, chitosan (CS) as a natural biopolymer was used to prepare nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (NCPEs) in order to reduce plastic waste pollution. The plasticized CS-based NCSPE has been prepared via the solution casting technique. The electrical properties of the films were investigated using AC conductivity, dielectric properties, electric modulus, and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The obtained results from the dielectric properties and electric modulus study confirm the non-Debye behavior of ion dynamics. The effect of glycerol plasticizer on ionic conductivity of the CS:AgNO 3 :Al 2 O 3 system was investigated via AC conductivity and impedance studies. The conductivity of the samples was explained based on electrical equivalent circuits and Bode plots. The electrochemical properties such as transfer number measurement (TNM), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were carried out to inspect the sample suitability for electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) application. The highest conductivity was 3.7 × 10 -4 S cm -1 with the electrochemical stability window up to 2.1 V at room temperature. Through the TNM study, the ionic conductivity of plasticized CS-based NCSPE was confirmed, and ion transport ( t ion ) of the highest conducting sample was found to be 0.985. The activated carbon electrode with the highest conducting sample was employed in the EDLC device fabrication. Accordingly, it can be said that the highest conducting sample had capable performance to be applied in electrochemical device application.

Polymer blend electrolytes based on poly(vinyl alcohol):chitosan (PVA:CS) incorporated with various quantities of ammonium iodide were prepared and characterized using a range of electrochemical, structural and microscopic techniques. In the structural analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to confirm the buildup of the amorphous phase. To reveal the effect of dopant addition on structural changes, field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) was used. The protrusions of salt aggregates with large quantity were seen at the surface of the formed films at 50 wt.% of the added salt. The nature of the relationship between conductivity and dielectric properties was shown using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The EIS spectra were fitted with electrical equivalent circuits (EECs). It was observed that both dielectric constant and dielectric loss were high in the low-frequency region. For all samples, loss tangent and electric modulus plots were analyzed to become familiar with the relaxation behavior. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and transference number measurement (TNM) were recorded. A relatively high cut-off potential for the polymer electrolyte was obtained at 1.33 V and both values of the transference number for ion (t ion ) and electronic (t elec ) showed the ion dominant as charge carrier species. The TNM and LSV measurements indicate the suitability of the samples for energy storage application if their conductivity can be more enhanced., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.