276 results on '"Rada A"'
Search Results
2. Effect of epigenetics on rheumatoid arthritis
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Jairo Rojano Rada, Mercedes Fernández Mestre, and Carlos Ramírez Morales
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General Medicine - Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease that predominantly affects the diarthrodial joints. In this pathology, environmental or behavioral factors can act in synergy with genetic predisposition, accelerating the onset and severity of the disease. This link between the environment and the genome is mediated by epigenetic marks on deoxyribonucleic acid, including its methylation, histone modification, and noncoding ribonucleic acid-mediated regulation. Epigenetics can generate heritable phenotypic changes, which are not determined by modifications in the deoxyribonucleic acid sequence and are therefore reversible. Therefore, diet, medications and other environmental factors would have the ability to modulate them. The identification of a specific epigenetic dysregulation can offer a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease and positively influence the prevention, diagnosis and development of new therapeutic targets. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease that predominantly affects the diarthrodial joints. In this pathology, environmental or behavioral factors can act in synergy with genetic predisposition, accelerating the onset and severity of the disease. This link between the environment and the genome is mediated by epigenetic marks on deoxyribonucleic acid, including its methylation, histone modification, and noncoding ribonucleic acid-mediated regulation. Epigenetics can generate heritable phenotypic changes, which are not determined by modifications in the deoxyribonucleic acid sequence and are therefore reversible. Therefore, diet, medications and other environmental factors would have the ability to modulate them. The identification of a specific epigenetic dysregulation can offer a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease and positively influence the prevention, diagnosis and development of new therapeutic targets.
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- 2023
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- View/download PDF
3. Pulmonary rehabilitation for COVID-19: A living systematic review protocol
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Arce Pardo, Stefanie, primary, Lai, Shuheng, additional, Ortiz-Muñoz, Luis, additional, Verdugo-Paiva, Francisca, additional, and Rada, Gabriel, additional
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Cell-based therapies for COVID-19: A living, systematic review
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Rada, Gabriel, Corbalan, Javiera, and Rojas, Patricio
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy ,MEDLINE ,lcsh:Medicine ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,coronavirus infections ,Randomized controlled trial ,systematic review ,law ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,In patient ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Intensive care medicine ,cell-based therapies ,Protocol (science) ,mesenchymal stem cells ,lcsh:R5-920 ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,General Medicine ,Grey literature ,Systematic review ,covid-19 ,coronavirus disease ,business ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Coronavirus Infections ,Cell based ,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 - Abstract
Objective This living systematic review aims to provide a timely, rigorous and continuously updated summary of the available evidence on the role of cell-based therapies in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Data sources We conducted searches in PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), grey literature and in a centralised repository in L-OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence). L-OVE is a platform that maps PICO questions to evidence from Epistemonikos database. In response to the COVID-19 emergency, L-OVE was adapted to expand the range of evidence it covers and customised to group all COVID-19 evidence in one place. All the searches covered the period until April 23, 2020 (one day before submission). Eligibility criteria for selecting studies and methods We adapted an already published common protocol for multiple parallel systematic reviews to the specificities of this question. We searched for randomised trials evaluating the effect of cell-based therapies versus placebo or no treatment in patients with COVID-19. Anticipating the lack of randomised trials directly addressing this question, we also searched for trials evaluating other coronavirus infections, such as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, and non-randomised studies in COVID-19. Two reviewers independently screened each study for eligibility. A living, web-based version of this review will be openly available during the COVID-19 pandemic. We will resubmit it every time the conclusions change or whenever there are substantial updates. Results We screened 1,043 records but no study was considered eligible. We identified 61 ongoing studies, including 39 randomised trials evaluating different types of cell-based therapies in COVID-19. Conclusions We did not find any studies that met our inclusion criteria and hence there is no evidence to support or refute the use of cell-based therapies in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. A substantial number of ongoing studies should provide valuable evidence to inform researchers and decision makers in the near future. PROSPERO Registration number CRD42020179711 Box 1 Linked resources in this Living Systematic Review Common protocol Common protocol for the systematic reviews and overviews of systematic reviews being conducted by the COVID-19 L·OVE Working Group. Available here Living review Web version of this systematic review, presented in a ‘living systematic review format’. This means it is continuously updated as soon as new evidence emerges. Available here Living OVerview of Evidence - L·OVE An open platform that uses artificial intelligence and a broad network of contributors to identify all of the evidence relevant to this and other healthcare questions, including those related to COVID-19. Available here
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- 2020
5. Macrolides for the treatment of COVID-19: a living, systematic review
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Catalina Verdejo, Laura Vergara-Merino, Nicolás Meza, Javier Pérez-Bracchiglione, Natalia Carvajal-Juliá, Eva Madrid, Gabriel Rada, and María Ximena Rojas Reyes
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medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,lcsh:Medicine ,Azithromycin ,Placebo ,law.invention ,coronavirus infections ,anti-bacterial agents ,systematic review ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ,Medicine ,Humans ,Intensive care medicine ,Adverse effect ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,azithromycin ,Protocol (science) ,lcsh:R5-920 ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,lcsh:R ,COVID-19 ,Hydroxychloroquine ,General Medicine ,Respiration, Artificial ,COVID-19 Drug Treatment ,Treatment Outcome ,coronavirus disease ,Respiratory failure ,Macrolides ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,business ,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ,medicine.drug - Abstract
This living, systematic review aims to provide a timely, rigorous, and continuously updated summary of the evidence available on the role of macrolides for treating patients with COVID-19.A living, systematic review.We conducted searches in the centralized repository L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence). L·OVE is a platform that maps PICO questions to evidence from the Epistemonikos database. In response to the COVID-19 emergency, L·OVE was adapted to expand the range of evidence it covers and customized to group all COVID-19 evidence in one place. Today it is maintained through regular searches in 39 databases.We included randomized trials evaluating the effect of macrolides as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs versus placebo or no treatment in patients with COVID-19. Randomized trials evaluating macrolides in infections caused by other coronaviruses, such as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, and non-randomized studies in COVID-19 were searched in case we found no direct evidence from randomized trials. Two reviewers independently screened each study for eligibility, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Measures included all-cause mortality; the need for invasive mechanical ventilation; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, length of hospital stay, respiratory failure, serious adverse events, time to SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR negativity. We applied the GRADE approach to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome. A living, web-based version of this review will be openly available during the COVID-19 pandemic. We will resubmit it every time the conclusions change or whenever there are substantial updates.The search in the L·OVE platform retrieved 424 references. We considered 260 as potentially eligible and were reviewed in full texts. We included one randomized clinical trial that evaluated the use of azithromycin in combination with hydroxychloroquine compared to hydroxychloroquine alone in hospitalized patients with COVID 19. The estimates for all outcomes evaluated resulted in insufficient power to draw conclusions. The quality of the evidence for the main outcomes was low to very low.Macrolides in the management of patients with COVID 19 showed no beneficial effects compared to standard of care. The evidence for all outcomes is inconclusive. Larger trials are needed to determine the effects of macrolides on pulmonary and other outcomes in COVID-19 patients.PROSPERO Registration number: CRD42020181032 Protocol preprint DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/rvp59.Proporcionar un resumen oportuno, riguroso y continuamente actualizado de la evidencia disponible sobre el papel de los macrólidos para el tratamiento de pacientes con COVID-19.Revisión sistemática viva.La búsqueda de evidencia se realizó en el repositorio centralizado L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence) COVID-19; una plataforma que mapea las preguntas PICO para identificar la evidencia en la base de datos Epistemonikos. En respuesta a la emergencia de COVID-19, L·OVE se adaptó para ampliar el rango de evidencia que cubre y hoy se mantiene a través de búsquedas regulares en 39 bases de datos.Se incluyeron estudios experimentales que evaluaban el efecto de los macrólidos, como monoterapia o en combinación con otros fármacos, versus placebo o ningún tratamiento en pacientes con sospecha o confirmación de COVID-19. Se buscó identificar experimentos clínicos aleatorizados que evaluaran macrólidos en infecciones causadas por otros coronavirus, como MERS-CoV y SARS-CoV. Dos revisores examinaron de forma independiente la elegibilidad de cada estudio, extrajeron los datos y evaluaron el riesgo de sesgo. Se evaluó el efecto de los macrólidos sobre la mortalidad por todas las causas; necesidad de ventilación mecánica invasiva; oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea, duración de la estancia hospitalaria, insuficiencia respiratoria, eventos adversos graves, tiempo hasta la negatividad de la RT-PCR del SARS-CoV-2. La certeza de la evidencia para cada desenlace se evaluó siguiendo la aproximación GRADE. Esta revisión se mantendrá viva y disponible abiertamente durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Se someterán actualizaciones de su publicación cada vez que cambien las conclusiones o cuando haya actualizaciones sustanciales.Se identificó un experimento clínico aleatorio que evaluó el uso de azitromicina en combinación con hidroxicloroquina en comparación con el uso de hidroxicloroquina sola, en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID 19. Las estimaciones para todos los resultados evaluados resultaron en un poder estadístico insuficiente para llegar a conclusiones válidas. La calidad de la evidencia para los resultados principales fue baja a muy baja.El uso de macrólidos en el tratamiento de pacientes con COVID 19 no ha mostrado efectos beneficiosos en comparación con el tratamiento estándar. La evidencia para todos los desenlaces no es concluyente. Se necesitan estudios sobre un mayor número de pacientes con COVID 19, para determinar los efectos del uso de macrólidos sobre los desenlaces relacionados con la enfermedad.PROSPERO Registration number: CRD42020181032 Protocol preprint DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/rvp59.
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- 2020
6. Sexual transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus and its role in the spread of COVID-19: A living systematic review protocol
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Gabriel Rada, Luis Ortiz-Muñoz, María Belén Morales, Giuliano Duarte, and María Paz Acuña
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Research design ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sexual transmission ,MEDLINE ,lcsh:Medicine ,law.invention ,coronavirus infections ,Randomized controlled trial ,systematic review ,law ,Pandemic ,medicine ,Humans ,Medical physics ,sti ,sexually transmitted infections ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Protocol (science) ,lcsh:R5-920 ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,lcsh:R ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,Grey literature ,Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral ,sexual transmission ,Systematic review ,Research Design ,business ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ,Systematic Reviews as Topic - Abstract
To provide a review of the literature on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the sexual fluids of patients with COVID-19 and to observe its possible sexual transmission in a timely, rigorous, and continuously updated manner.We will conduct searches in PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), grey literature, and a centralized repository in L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence). L·OVE is a platform that maps PICO questions to evidence from the Epistemonikos database. In response to the COVID-19 emergency, L·OVE was adapted to expand the range of evidence it covers and customized to group all COVID-19 evidence in one place. The search will cover the period until the day before submission to a journal.We adapted an already published standard protocol for multiple parallel systematic reviews to the specificities of this question. We will include randomized trials evaluating the sexual transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Randomized trials evaluating the sexual transmission of other coronaviruses, such as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, and non-randomized studies in COVID-19 will be searched if no direct evidence from randomized trials is found or if the direct evidence provides a low to a very low level of certainty for critical outcomes. Two reviewers will independently screen each study for eligibility, extract data, and assess the risk of bias. We will perform random-effects meta-analyses and use GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome. A living, web-based version of this review will be openly available during the COVID-19 pandemic. We will resubmit the review if the conclusions change or if there are substantial updates.(CRD42020189368).Proporcionar una revisión de la literatura sobre la presencia de SARS-CoV-2 en los fluidos sexuales de pacientes con COVID-19 y su posible transmisión sexual de manera oportuna, rigurosa y continuamente actualizada.Realizaremos búsquedas en PubMed / Medline, Embase, Registro Cochrane Central de Ensayos Controlados (CENTRAL), literatura gris y en un repositorio centralizado en L · OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence). L · OVE es una plataforma que mapea las preguntas PICO a la evidencia de la base de datos Epistemonikos. En respuesta a la emergencia de COVID-19, L · OVE se adaptó para ampliar el rango de evidencia que cubre y se personalizó para agrupar todas las pruebas de COVID-19 en un solo lugar. La búsqueda cubrirá el período hasta el día anterior al envío a una revista.Adaptamos un protocolo común ya publicado para múltiples revisiones sistemáticas paralelas a las especificidades de esta pregunta. Incluiremos ensayos aleatorios que evalúen la transmisión sexual del virus SARS-CoV-2. Se buscarán ensayos aleatorizados que evalúen la transmisión sexual de otros coronavirus, como MERS-CoV y SARS-CoV, y estudios no aleatorizados en COVID-19 en caso de que no se encuentre evidencia directa de ensayos aleatorizados, o si la evidencia directa proporciona una - o certeza muy baja para resultados críticos. Dos revisores evaluarán de forma independiente la elegibilidad de cada estudio, extraerán datos y evaluarán el riesgo de sesgo. Realizaremos metanálisis de efectos aleatorios y utilizaremos GRADE para evaluar la certeza de la evidencia para cada resultado. Una versión viva basada en la web de esta revisión estará disponible abiertamente durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Lo volveremos a enviar si las conclusiones cambian o hay actualizaciones sustanciales.(CRD42020189368).
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- 2020
7. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers for COVID-19: A living systematic review of randomized clinical trials
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Pablo Olguín, Gabriel Rada, Nicolás Meza, Eva Madrid, Ignacio Pérez, Javier Pérez-Bracchiglione, Luis Ortiz-Muñoz, and Cristhian Carvajal
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Research design ,Medicine (General) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,MEDLINE ,Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ,Placebo ,law.invention ,Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists ,coronavirus infections ,R5-920 ,Pharmacotherapy ,systematic review ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,biology ,business.industry ,Angiotensin-converting enzyme ,General Medicine ,COVID-19 Drug Treatment ,Systematic review ,covid-19 ,Research Design ,biology.protein ,Medicine ,angiotensin ii receptor blockers ,business ,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 - Abstract
This living systematic review aims to provide a timely, rigorous, and continuously updated summary of the evidence available on the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.We conducted searches in PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), grey literature and in a centralized repository in L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence), which retrieves articles from multiple sources such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, among other pre-print and protocols repositories. In response to the COVID-19 emergency, L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence) was adapted to expand the range of evidence and customized to group all COVID-19 evidence in one place on a daily search basis. The search covered a period of time up to July 31, 2020.We adapted an already published standard protocol for multiple parallel living systematic reviews to this question's specificities. We included randomized trials evaluating the effect of either suspension or indication of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers as monotherapy, or in combination versus placebo or no treatment in patients with COVID-19. We searched for randomized trials evaluating the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers versus placebo or no treatment in patients with COVID-19. Two reviewers independently screened each study for eligibility, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. We pooled the results using meta-analysis and applied the GRADE system to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome. We will resubmit results every time the conclusions change or whenever there are substantial updates.We screened 772 records, but none was considered for eligibility. We identified 55 ongoing studies, including 41 randomized trials evaluating angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers for patients with COVID-19.We did not find a randomized clinical trial meeting our inclusion criteria, and hence there is no evidence for supporting the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. A substantial number of ongoing studies would provide valuable evidence to inform researchers and decision-makers in the near future.CRD42020182495.10.31219/osf.io/vp9nj.Esta revisión sistemática viva tiene como objetivo proporcionar un resumen oportuno, riguroso y continuamente actualizado de la evidencia disponible sobre el rol de los inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (iECA) y los bloqueadores del receptor de angiotensina II (ARA-II) en el tratamiento de pacientes con COVID-19.Realizamos búsquedas en PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), literatura gris y en el repositorio centralizado L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence) que recupera artículos de múltiples fuentes como PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, entre otros repositorios de preprints y protocolos. En respuesta a la emergencia de COVID-19, L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence) se adaptó para ampliar el rango de información que cubre y se personalizó para agrupar toda la evidencia en torno a COVID-19 en un solo lugar, en una base de búsqueda diaria. La búsqueda cubrió el período hasta el 31 de julio de 2020.Adaptamos un protocolo común ya publicado para múltiples revisiones sistemáticas vivas paralelas a las especificidades de esta pregunta. Se incluyeron ensayos aleatorizados que evaluaban el efecto de la suspensión o la indicación de inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina o bloqueadores de los receptores de angiotensina II, como monoterapia o en combinación, versus placebo o ningún tratamiento, en pacientes con COVID-19. Se buscaron ensayos aleatorizados que evaluaran el efecto de los inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina/bloqueadores del receptor de angiotensina II versus placebo o ningún tratamiento en pacientes con COVID-19. Dos revisores examinaron de forma independiente la elegibilidad de cada estudio, extrajeron los datos y evaluaron el riesgo de sesgo. Los resultados se agruparon mediante un metanálisis y se aplicó GRADE para evaluar la certeza de la evidencia para cada resultado. Cada vez que cambien las conclusiones o hayan actualizaciones sustanciales, volveremos a enviar un reporte.Analizamos 772 artículos, pero ninguno cumplió con los criterios de inclusión. Identificamos 55 estudios en curso, incluidos 41 ensayos aleatorizados que evaluaban inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina/bloqueadores del receptor de angiotensina II para pacientes con COVID-19.No encontramos ningún ensayo clínico aleatorizado que cumpliera con nuestros criterios de inclusión y, por lo tanto, no hay pruebas que respalden el papel de los inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina y los bloqueadores de los receptores de angiotensina II en el tratamiento de pacientes con COVID-19. Identificamos un número considerable de estudios en curso que podría proporcionar evidencia valiosa para informar a los investigadores y a los responsables de la toma de decisiones en un futuro próximo.
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- 2020
8. Lopinavir/ritonavir for COVID-19: A living systematic review
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Francisca Verdugo-Paiva, Martín Ragusa, Ariel Izcovich, and Gabriel Rada
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Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pneumonia, Viral ,Lopinavir/ritonavir ,lcsh:Medicine ,Placebo ,Antiviral Agents ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,coronavirus infections ,Randomized controlled trial ,systematic review ,law ,immune system diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Intensive care medicine ,Adverse effect ,Pandemics ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,lcsh:R5-920 ,Ritonavir ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,virus diseases ,Lopinavir ,lopinavir/ritonavir ,General Medicine ,Confidence interval ,COVID-19 Drug Treatment ,lopinavir ,Drug Combinations ,Treatment Outcome ,covid-19 ,Relative risk ,business ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug ,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 - Abstract
Provide a timely, rigorous, and continuously updated summary of the evidence on the role of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.We conducted searches in the special L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence) platform for COVID-19, a system that performs regular searches in PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, and other 33 sources. We searched for randomized trials and non-randomized studies evaluating the effect of lopinavir/ritonavir versus placebo or no treatment in patients with COVID-19. Two reviewers independently evaluated potentially eligible studies, according to predefined selection criteria, and extracted data using a predesigned standardized form. We performed meta-analyses using random-effect models and assessed overall certainty in evidence using the GRADE approach. A living, web-based version of this review will be openly available during the COVID-19 pandemic.Our search strategy yielded 862 references. Finally, we identified 12 studies, including two randomized trials, evaluating lopinavir/ritonavir, in addition to standard care versus standard care alone in 250 adult inpatients with COVID-19. The evidence from randomized trials shows lopinavir/ritonavir may reduce mortality (relative risk: 0.77; 95% confidence interval: 0.45 to 1.3; low certainty evidence), but the anticipated magnitude of the absolute reduction in mortality, varies across different risk groups. Lopinavir/ritonavir also had a slight reduction in the risk of requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, developing respiratory failure, or acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, it did not lead to any difference in the duration of hospitalization and may lead to an increase in the number of total adverse effects. The overall certainty of the evidence was low or very low.For severe and critical patients with COVID-19, lopinavir/ritonavir might play a role in improving outcomes, but the available evidence is still limited. A substantial number of ongoing studies should provide valuable evidence to inform researchers and decision-makers soon.Esta revisión sistemática viva tiene como objetivo entregar un resumen oportuno, riguroso y constantemente actualizado de la evidencia disponible sobre los efectos de lopinavir/ritonavir en pacientes con COVID-19.Se realizó una búsqueda en la plataforma L·OVE COVID-19 (Living OVerview of Evidence), un sistema que mantiene búsquedas regulares en PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) y otras 33 fuentes. Se buscaron ensayos aleatorios y estudios no aleatorios que evaluaran el uso de lopinavir/ritonavir versus placebo o ningún tratamiento en pacientes con COVID-19. Dos revisores evaluaron de forma independiente los artículos potencialmente elegibles, de acuerdo con criterios de selección predefinidos, y extrajeron los datos mediante un formulario estandarizado. Los resultados fueron combinados mediante un metanálisis utilizando modelos de efectos aleatorios y evaluamos la certeza de la evidencia utilizando el método GRADE. Una versión viva de esta revisión estará disponible durante la pandemia de COVID-19.La búsqueda inicial arrojó 862 referencias. Finalmente, identificamos 12 estudios incluyendo 2 ensayos aleatorios, que evaluaban lopinavir/ritonavir adicionado al tratamiento estándar versus tratamiento estándar en 250 pacientes adultos hospitalizados con COVID-19. Los resultados provenientes de los ensayos aleatorios muestran que el uso de lopinavir/ritonavir puede reducir la mortalidad (riesgo relativo: 0,77; intervalo de confianza 95%: 0,45 a 1,3; certeza de evidencia baja), pero la magnitud de la reducción absoluta de la mortalidad varía según los diferentes grupos de riesgo. El uso de lopinavir/ritonavir mostró además una ligera reducción en el riesgo de requerir ventilación mecánica invasiva, desarrollar insuficiencia respiratoria o síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda. No se observó diferencias en la duración de la hospitalización y su uso puede producir un aumento en el número de efectos adversos totales. La certeza global de la evidencia fue baja o muy baja.Para pacientes graves y críticos con COVID-19, el uso de lopinavir/ritonavir podría desempeñar un papel en la mejora de los resultados, pero la evidencia disponible aún es limitada. La gran cantidad de estudios en curso deberían proporcionar evidencia valiosa para informar a los investigadores y los tomadores de decisiones en el futuro cercano.
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- 2020
9. Clinical and epidemiological characterization of patients with psoriasis and the prescription of biological therapy in Venezuela: a cross-sectional study
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Jairo Rojano Rada, Paulette Terán Pereira, and Liliana López Grassa
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cross-sectional study ,psoriasis prescription ,lcsh:Medicine ,Severity of Illness Index ,Etanercept ,Quality of life ,Psoriasis Area and Severity Index ,Internal medicine ,Psoriasis ,Epidemiology ,Medicine ,Humans ,lcsh:R5-920 ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,biological medicinal products ,General Medicine ,Mantoux test ,Dermatology Life Quality Index ,medicine.disease ,Venezuela ,Biological Therapy ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Prescriptions ,Quality of Life ,epidemiology ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic disease that affects the skin. One hundred twenty-five million people around the world suffer from this condition. In specific groups of patients, the joints may also be involved. To control and follow-up patients with psoriasis, psoriasis area severity and dermatological quality of life measurements were established. Both parameters are necessary for the initiation of biological therapy, as specified in the psoriasis management guide (2015) of the national committee of rheumatological, immunological, and bone metabolism diseases of the Venezuelan Institute of Social Security.To characterize the clinical and epidemiological variables and the prescription of biological therapy in patients with psoriasis who access the high-cost dispensing program of the Venezuelan Institute Social Security (IVSS) pharmacy.This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study.A total of 374 patient records were assessed. The male gender was more frequent, with 56.1% (p0.001), mostly from Caracas city. In comparing age groups with sex, a difference among these was observed (p0.05). 57.5% previously used methotrexate, 6.68% biological, 3.2% topical steroids, and 31% did not report which type of previous therapy they had received. Amongst the clinical presentations, 70% corresponded to plaque psoriasis. 79% of the patients presented moderate activity according to the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI): Eleven percent were assessed with the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI); 39% of them reported an extremely important effect. The anergic range of the Mantoux test represented 70.9% of the cases, and 0.3% took the booster evaluation. Chest X-ray was reported normal in 95% of the cases. The most demanded biological medicine was etanercept, in 52% of the cases.Male gender and its association with psoriasis was an important finding. The need to improve the administrative components in completing the medication request formats and strengthen clinical measurements and good medical practice was also found.La psoriasis es una enfermedad crónica que compromete la piel, padecida por cerca de 125 millones de personas en todo el mundo. En un grupo determinado de pacientes, también puede afectar el sistema articular. Para el control y seguimiento de los pacientes con psoriasis se estableció la aplicación de los índices de severidad del área de psoriasis y de calidad de vida dermatológica. Ambos parámetros son necesarios para el inicio de terapia biológica, según lo establecido en la guía de manejo de psoriasis (2015) del comité nacional de enfermedades reumatológicas, inmunológicas y de metabolismo óseo del Instituto Venezolano de los Seguros Sociales.Caracterizar las variables clínicas, epidemiológicas y la prescripción de terapia biológica en los pacientes con psoriasis que acceden al programa de dispensación de alto costo de la farmacia del Instituto Venezolano de los Seguros Sociales.Es un estudio descriptivo, transversal.Se evaluaron 374 expedientes, donde el sexo masculino fue más frecuente con 56,1% (p0,001), provenientes en su mayoría de la ciudad de Caracas, en la comparación de los grupos de edad con el sexo, se observó que existía una diferencia entre estos (p0,05). El 57,5% usó previamente metotrexato; 6,68% biológicos; 3,2% esteroides tópicos y 31% no reportó qué tipo de terapia previa recibía. Dentro de las presentaciones clínicas, 70% correspondió a la psoriasis en placa. El 79% de los pacientes presentaba actividad moderada según el índice de la severidad del área de psoriasis, y al 11% se les realizó el índice de calidad de vida dermatológica, de los cuales 39% presentaban un efecto extremadamente importante. El rango anérgico de la prueba de Mantoux representó 70,9% de los casos, donde al 0,3% le fue realizado la prueba de Booster, y la radiografía de tórax se reportó normal en 95%. El medicamento biológico más demandado fue el etanercept con 52% de los casos.El sexo masculino y su relación con la psoriasis fue un hallazgo de importancia, como también se evidenció la necesidad de mejorar los componentes administrativos en la gestión de los formatos de solicitud de medicamentos y fortalecer la aplicación de la clinimetría con elemento de buena práctica médica.
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- 2020
10. Evidence synthesis relevant to COVID-19: a protocol for multiple systematic reviews and overviews of systematic reviews
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Gabriel Rada, Francisca Verdugo-Paiva, Cristobal Cuadrado, Rocío Bravo-Jeria, Franco Pesce, Eva Madrid, Ariel Izcovich, Eduard Baladia, and Juan Victor Ariel Franco
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Open platform ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Pneumonia, Viral ,MEDLINE ,lcsh:Medicine ,Information Storage and Retrieval ,Access to Information ,03 medical and health sciences ,Betacoronavirus ,0302 clinical medicine ,systematic review ,Meta-Analysis as Topic ,Artificial Intelligence ,Medicine ,Humans ,Quality (business) ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Pandemics ,media_common ,Protocol (science) ,lcsh:R5-920 ,Evidence-Based Medicine ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,lcsh:R ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,Data science ,Systematic review ,Data extraction ,Research Design ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,business ,Coronavirus Infections ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Evidence synthesis ,Systematic Reviews as Topic - Abstract
Introduction: The evidence on COVID-19 is being produced at high speed, so it is challenging for decision-makers to keep up. It seems appropriate, then, to put into practice a novel approach able to provide the scientific community and other interested parties with quality evidence that is actionable, and rapidly and efficiently produced. Methods and analysis: We designed a protocol for multiple parallel systematic reviews and overviews of systematic reviews in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P). We will search for primary studies and systematic reviews that answer different questions related to COVID-19 using both a centralized repository (Epistemonikos database) and a manual search in MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We will also search for literature in several other sources. At least two researchers will independently undertake the selection of studies, data extraction, and assessment of the quality of the included studies. We will synthesize data for each question using meta-analysis, when possible, and we will prepare Summary of Findings tables according to the GRADE approach. All the evidence will be organized in an open platform (L·OVE - Living OVerview of Evidence) that will be continuously updated using artificial intelligence and a broad network of experts. Ethics and dissemination: No ethics approval is considered necessary. The results of these articles will be widely disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, social networks, and traditional media, and will be sent to relevant international organizations discussing this topic.
- Published
- 2020
11. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers for COVID-19: A living systematic review of randomized clinical trials
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Meza, Nicolás, primary, Javier, Pérez-Bracchiglione, additional, Pérez, Ignacio, additional, Carvajal, Cristhian, additional, Ortiz-Muñoz, Luis, additional, Olguín, Pablo, additional, Rada, Gabriel, additional, and Madrid, Eva, additional
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- 2021
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12. Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19: a living systematic review
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Verdugo-Paiva, Francisca, primary, Paz Acuña, María, additional, Solá, Iván, additional, and Rada, Gabriel, additional
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- 2020
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13. Macrolides for the treatment of COVID-19: a living, systematic review
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Verdejo, Catalina, primary, Vergara-Merino, Laura, additional, Meza, Nicolás, additional, Pérez-Bracchiglione, Javier, additional, Carvajal-Juliá, Natalia, additional, Madrid, Eva, additional, Rada, Gabriel, additional, and Rojas Reyes, María Ximena, additional
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- 2020
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14. Sexual transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus and its role in the spread of COVID-19: A living systematic review protocol
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Duarte, Giuliano, primary, Ortiz-Muñoz, Luis, additional, Belén Morales, María, additional, Paz Acuña, María, additional, and Rada, Gabriel, additional
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- 2020
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15. Clinical and epidemiological characterization of patients with psoriasis and the prescription of biological therapy in Venezuela: a cross-sectional study
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Rojano Rada, Jairo, primary, Terán Pereira, Paulette, additional, and López Grassa, Liliana, additional
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- 2020
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16. Lopinavir/ritonavir for COVID-19: A living systematic review
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Verdugo-Paiva, Francisca, primary, Izcovich, Ariel, additional, Ragusa, Martín, additional, and Rada, Gabriel, additional
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- 2020
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17. Vitamin C for COVID-19: A living systematic review
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Baladia, Eduard, primary, Beatriz Pizarro, Ana, additional, Ortiz-Muñoz, Luis, additional, and Rada, Gabriel, additional
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- 2020
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18. Are oral oestrogens effective in preventing urinary tract infection in postmenopausal woman
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Castro, Viviana, primary, Canales, Juan Pablo, additional, and Rada, Gabriel, additional
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- 2020
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19. Evidence synthesis relevant to COVID-19: a protocol for multiple systematic reviews and overviews of systematic reviews
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Rada, Gabriel, primary, Verdugo-Paiva, Francisca, additional, Ávila, Camila, additional, Morel-Marambio, Macarena, additional, Bravo-Jeria, Rocío, additional, Pesce, Franco, additional, Madrid, Eva, additional, and Izcovich, Ariel, additional
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- 2020
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20. Effects of Mediterranean diet on the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
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Josefina Durán, Maximiliano Porras, and Gabriel Rada
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Mediterranean diet ,Databases, Factual ,MEDLINE ,lcsh:Medicine ,Pain ,Diet, Mediterranean ,law.invention ,Arthritis, Rheumatoid ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Quality of life ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Rheumatoid arthritis ,Epistemonikos ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,lcsh:R5-920 ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Morning stiffness ,mediterranean diet ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Lifestyle factors ,Systematic review ,GRADE ,Quality of Life ,business ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
It has been suggested that environmental and lifestyle factors might contribute to the severity and progression of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. An intervention generating high interest due to its supposed anti-inflammatory properties is the Mediterranean diet.We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach.We identified seven systematic reviews including four primary studies, of which only one corresponded to a randomized trial. We concluded Mediterranean diet may make little or no difference in pain or disease activity and may slightly increase weight in rheumatoid arthritis patients, but the certainty of the evidence is low. On the other hand, it was not possible to clearly establish whether Mediterranean diet has any effect on functionality, morning stiffness or quality of life as the certainty of the existing evidence has been assessed as very low.Se ha planteado que factores ambientales y relacionados con el estilo de vida pueden contribuir a la severidad y progresión de la inflamación en la artritis reumatoide. Una intervención que genera un alto interés, debido a sus supuestas propiedades antiinflamatorias es la dieta mediterránea.Realizamos una búsqueda en Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante el cribado de múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, analizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE.Identificamos siete revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron cuatro estudios primarios, de los cuales sólo uno corresponde a un ensayo aleatorizado. Concluimos que la dieta mediterránea podría hacer poca o nula diferencia en el dolor articular o actividad de la enfermedad, y aumentar levemente el peso en pacientes con artritis reumatoide, pero la certeza de la evidencia es baja. Por otra parte, no es posible establecer con claridad si la dieta mediterránea tiene algún efecto sobre la funcionalidad, rigidez matinal o calidad de vida, debido a que la certeza de la evidencia existente ha sido evaluada como muy baja.
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- 2019
21. Pulmonary rehabilitation for COVID-19: A living systematic review protocol
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Rocío Bravo-Jeria, Stefanie Arce Pardo, Francisca Verdugo-Paiva, Luis Ortiz-Muñoz, Shuheng Lai, and Gabriel Rada
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Lung Diseases ,Medicine (General) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Databases, Factual ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,medicine.medical_treatment ,R5-920 ,systematic review ,Meta-Analysis as Topic ,medicine ,Humans ,Pulmonary rehabilitation ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Respiratory muscle training ,business.industry ,respiratory muscle training ,breathing exercises ,COVID-19 ,Recovery of Function ,General Medicine ,pulmonary rehabilitation ,Breathing exercises ,Research Design ,Physical therapy ,Medicine ,business ,Systematic Reviews as Topic - Abstract
This living systematic review aims to provide a timely, rigorous and continuously updated summary of the evidence available on the role of pulmonary rehabilitation in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.This is the protocol of a living systematic review.We will conduct searches in the L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence) platform for COVID-19, a system that maps PICO questions to a repository maintained through regular searches in electronic databases, preprint servers, trial registries and other resources relevant to COVID-19. No date or language restrictions will be applied.We adapted an already published common protocol for multiple parallel systematic reviews to the specificities of this question. We will include randomized trials evaluating the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation as monotherapy or in combination with other interventions-versus sham or no treatment in patients with COVID-19. Two reviewers will independently screen each study for eligibility, extract data, and assess the risk of bias. We will pool the results using meta-analysis and will apply the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome.No ethics approval is considered necessary. The results of this review will be widely disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, social networks and traditional media.Proporcionar un resumen oportuno, riguroso y continuamente actualizado de la evidencia disponible sobre el papel de la rehabilitación pulmonar en el tratamiento de los pacientes con COVID-19.Es el protocolo de una revisión sistemática viva.Realizaremos búsquedas en la plataforma L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence) para COVID-19, un sistema que mapea los componentes de las preguntas de investigación (PICO) en un repositorio mantenido a través de búsquedas regulares en bases de datos electrónicas, servidores de pre-impresión, registros de ensayos y otros recursos relevantes para COVID-19. No se aplicarán restricciones de fecha ni de idioma.Se adaptó un protocolo común ya publicado para revisiones sistemáticas paralelas múltiples a las especificidades de la pregunta. Se incluirán ensayos aleatorios que evalúen el efecto de la rehabilitación pulmonar como monoterapia o en combinación con otras intervenciones frente a un tratamiento simulado o ningún tratamiento en pacientes con COVID-19. Dos revisores examinarán de forma independiente cada estudio para determinar su elegibilidad, extraerán los datos y evaluarán el riesgo de sesgo. Se agruparán los resultados mediante un metaanálisis y se aplicará el sistema Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) para evaluar la certeza de las pruebas para cada resultado.No se considera necesaria la aprobación ética. Los resultados de esta revisión se difundirán ampliamente a través de publicaciones revisadas por pares, redes sociales y medios de comunicación tradicionales.
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- 2021
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22. Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19: a living systematic review
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Ivan Solà, Gabriel Rada, Francisca Verdugo-Paiva, and María Paz Acuña
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2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,medicine.medical_specialty ,animal structures ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Treatment outcome ,lcsh:Medicine ,remdesivir ,Placebo ,Antiviral Agents ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,systematic review ,Standard care ,Humans ,Medicine ,In patient ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Intensive care medicine ,Adverse effect ,media_common ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Protocol (science) ,Gynecology ,lcsh:R5-920 ,Alanine ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,lcsh:R ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,sars-cov-2 coronavirus infections ,Certainty ,Respiration, Artificial ,Adenosine Monophosphate ,COVID-19 Drug Treatment ,Study Characteristics ,Systematic review ,Treatment Outcome ,coronavirus disease ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Coronavirus Infections ,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 - Abstract
OBJETIVO: Esta revision sistematica viva tiene como objetivo entregar un resumen oportuno, riguroso y continuamente actualizado de la evidencia disponible sobre los efectos de remdesivir en pacientes con COVID-19 METODOS: Se buscaron ensayos aleatorios que evaluaran el uso de remdesivir versus placebo o ningun tratamiento en pacientes con COVID-19 Se realizo una busqueda en la plataforma L·OVE COVID-19 (Living OVerview of Evidence), un sistema que mantiene busquedas regulares en bases de datos, registros de ensayos, servidores preprint y sitios web relevantes en COVID-19 Todas las busquedas fueron realizadas hasta el 25 de agosto de 2020 No se aplicaron restricciones de fecha ni de idioma Dos revisores evaluaron de forma independiente los articulos potencialmente elegibles, de acuerdo con criterios de seleccion predefinidos, y extrajeron los datos mediante un formulario estandarizado Los resultados fueron combinados mediante un metanalisis utilizando modelos de efectos aleatorios y evaluamos la certeza de la evidencia utilizando el metodo GRADE Una version viva de esta revision estara abiertamente disponible durante la pandemia de COVID-19 RESULTADOS: La busqueda inicial arrojo 574 referencias Finalmente, identificamos 3 ensayos aleatorios, que evaluaban el uso de remdesivir adicionado al tratamiento estandar versus tratamiento estandar La evidencia es muy incierta acerca del efecto del remdesivir sobre la mortalidad (RR 0,7;IC del 95%: 0,46 a 1,05;certeza de la evidencia muy baja) y la necesidad de ventilacion mecanica invasiva (RR 0,69;IC del 95%: 0,39 a 1,24;certeza de evidencia muy baja) Por otro lado, es probable que el uso de remdesivir produzca un aumento en la incidencia de efectos adversos en pacientes con COVID-19 (RR 1,29;IC del 95%: 0,58 a 2,84;evidencia de certeza moderada) CONCLUSIONES: La evidencia disponible sobre el papel del remdesivir en el tratamiento de pacientes con COVID-19 es insuficiente en relacion a los desenlaces criticos para tomar decisiones, por lo que no es posible realizar un correcto balance entre los beneficios potenciales, los efectos adversos y los costos OBJECTIVE: Provide a timely, rigorous and continuously updated summary of the evidence on the role of remdesivir in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 METHODS: Eligible studies were randomized trials evaluating the effect of remdesivir versus placebo or no treatment We conducted searches in the special L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence) platform for COVID-19, a system that performs regular searches in databases, trial registries, preprint servers and websites relevant to COVID-19 All the searches covered the period until 25 August 2020 No date or language restrictions were applied Two reviewers independently evaluated potentially eligible studies according to predefined selection criteria, and extracted data on study characteristics, methods, outcomes, and risk of bias, using a predesigned, standardized form We performed meta-analyses using random-effect models and assessed overall certainty in evidence using the GRADE approach A living, web-based version of this review will be openly available during the COVID-19 pandemic RESULTS: Our search strategy yielded 574 references Finally, we included three randomized trials evaluating remdesivir in addition to standard care versus standard care alone The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of remdesivir on mortality (RR 0 7, 95% CI 0 46 to 1 05;very low certainty evidence) and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (RR 0 69, 95% CI 0 39 to 1 24;very low certainty evidence) On the other hand, remdesivir likely results in a large increase in the incidence of adverse effects in patients with COVID-19 (RR 1 29, 95% CI 0 58 to 2 84;moderate certainty evidence) CONCLUSIONS: The evidence is insufficient for the outcomes critical for making decisions on the role of remdesivir in the treatment of patients with COVID-19, so it is impossible to balance potential benefits, if there are any, with the adverse effects and costs
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- 2020
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23. Vitamin C for COVID-19: A living systematic review
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Ana Beatriz Pizarro, Eduard Baladia, Luis Ortiz-Muñoz, and Gabriel Rada
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Pneumonia, Viral ,MEDLINE ,lcsh:Medicine ,Ascorbic Acid ,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ,Placebo ,law.invention ,Betacoronavirus ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,systematic review ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,medicine ,Humans ,In patient ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Intensive care medicine ,Pandemics ,lcsh:R5-920 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,vitamin c ,COVID-19 ,Vitamins ,General Medicine ,Grey literature ,Ascorbic acid ,Systematic review ,coronavirus disease ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Coronavirus Infections ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 - Abstract
Objective This living systematic review aims to provide a timely, rigorous, and continuously updated summary of the available evidence on the role of vitamin C in treating patients with COVID-19. Data sources We conducted searches in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), grey literature, and in a centralized repository in L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence). In response to the COVID-19 emergency, L·OVE was adapted to expand the range of evidence it comprises and has been customized to group all COVID-19 evidence in one place. All the searches covered the period until April 29, 2020 (one day before submission). Study selection and methods We adapted an already published standard protocol for multiple parallel systematic reviews. We searched for randomized trials evaluating the effect, in patients with COVID-19, of vitamin C versus placebo or no treatment. Anticipating the lack of randomized trials directly addressing this question, we also searched for trials evaluating MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, and non-randomized studies in COVID-19. Two reviewers independently screened each study for eligibility. A living, web-based version of this review will be openly available during the COVID-19 pandemic, and we will resubmit it to the journal whenever there are substantial updates. Results We screened 95 records, but no study was considered eligible. We identified 20 ongoing studies, including 13 randomized trials evaluating vitamin C in COVID-19. Conclusions We did not find any studies that met our inclusion criteria, and hence there is no evidence to support or refute the use of vitamin C in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. A substantial number of ongoing studies should provide valuable evidence to inform researchers and decision-makers soon. Prospero registration number CRD42020181216.
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- 2020
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24. B-type natriuretic peptide testing in the emergency setting for managing acute dyspnea
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Gabriel Rada and María Gabriela Morales
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Databases, Factual ,Heart Diseases ,medicine.drug_class ,MEDLINE ,lcsh:Medicine ,Natriuretic peptide testing ,law.invention ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ,medicine ,Natriuretic peptide ,Humans ,Intensive care medicine ,Emergency Treatment ,bnp ,epistemonikos ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,grade ,lcsh:R5-920 ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,acute dyspnea ,General Medicine ,Intensive care unit ,Clinical Practice ,Systematic review ,Dyspnea ,Acute Disease ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Acute dyspnea ,business - Abstract
The performance of B-type natriuretic peptide to accurately diagnose dyspnea of cardiac origin has been widely proved. However, its impact in clinical practice is less clear.We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach.We identified two systematic reviews including five studies overall, of which all were randomized trials. We concluded the use of B-type natriuretic peptide for the management of acute dyspnea in the emergency setting probably leads to a small reduction in the need for hospitalization. Additionally, it may slightly reduce mortality and intensive care unit admission, but the certainty of the evidence is low.La exactitud diagnóstica del péptido natriurético cerebral (brain natriuretic peptide - BNP) para diferenciar el origen cardiogénico en pacientes con disnea aguda ha sido probada. Sin embargo, existe poca claridad en relación al impacto que tiene su incorporación en la práctica clínica.Para responder esta pregunta utilizamos Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, reanalizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metanálisis, preparamos tablas de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE.Identificamos dos revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron cinco estudios primarios, todos correspondientes a ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que la incorporación de BNP en el manejo de pacientes con disnea aguda probablemente disminuye levemente la necesidad de hospitalización. Además, podría disminuir levemente la mortalidad y hospitalizaciones en unidad de cuidados intensivos.
- Published
- 2018
25. PET-CT for the management of testicular seminoma patients with post-chemotherapy residual masses
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Oscar Corsi, Gabriel Rada, and José Peña
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Male ,GRADE ,lcsh:R5-920 ,Databases, Factual ,PET-CT ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,Antineoplastic Agents ,testicular cancer ,Seminoma ,Testicular Neoplasms ,Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ,Humans ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Epistemonikos - Abstract
The use of PET-CT could select a subgroup of advanced testicular seminoma patients that display post-chemotherapy residual masses measuring3 cm and could be managed with surveillance, avoiding unnecessary surgical resection of unviable tumor masses.We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach.We identified three systematic reviews that included eleven primary studies; none of these were randomized trials. We concluded the assessment of postchemotherapy residual masses by PET-CT in testicular seminoma patients may prevent unnecessary surgeries, but the certainty of the evidence is low. Furthermore, PET-CT could also offer a favorable risk/benefit and cost/benefit ratio for the management of testicular seminoma patients. However, systematic reviews and primary studies assessing the direct diagnostic impact of PET-CT are required.En pacientes con cáncer testicular avanzado tipo seminoma que tienen lesiones residuales post quimioterapia de más de 3 cm, el PET-CT podría seleccionar un subgrupo susceptible de ser manejado con seguimiento, evitando una resección quirúrgica innecesaria de tumor no viable.Realizamos una búsqueda en Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante el cribado de múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, analizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE.Identificamos tres revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron 11 estudios primarios, de los cuales, ninguno es un ensayo aleatorizado. Concluimos que el uso de PET-CT en la evaluación de masas residuales post quimioterapia en pacientes con cáncer testicular tipo seminoma podría evitar un porcentaje importante de cirugías innecesarias (certeza de la evidencia baja). Además, el uso de PET-CT podría presentar balances riesgo/beneficio y costo/beneficio favorables en el manejo de pacientes con cáncer testicular tipo seminoma. Sin embargo, se requieren revisiones sistemáticas y estudios primarios que evalúen directamente el impacto diagnóstico del test.
- Published
- 2018
26. Diacerein and arthrosis treatment
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Gonzalo Soto, Gabriel Rada, Anselmo Ignacio Alegría Mejías, and Sebastián Irarrázaval
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medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:R5-920 ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,MEDLINE ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,lcsh:Medicine ,Anthraquinones ,General Medicine ,Clinical research ,Osteoarthritis ,Practice Guidelines as Topic ,medicine ,Humans ,Diacerein ,Intensive care medicine ,business ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,medicine.drug - Published
- 2018
27. Are probiotics effective in preventing urinary tract infection?
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Gabriel Rada and Juan Pablo Canales
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Databases, Factual ,Urinary system ,MEDLINE ,lcsh:Medicine ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal medicine ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,lcsh:R5-920 ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,business.industry ,Probiotics ,lcsh:R ,General Medicine ,Systematic review ,Clinical research ,Treatment Outcome ,Meta-analysis ,Urinary Tract Infections ,business ,lcsh:Medicine (General) - Abstract
Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infection and recurrences are common. Probiotics have been proposed as an alternative to decrease this risk. However, it is not clear if they are really effective.To answer this question we used Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach.We identified six systematic reviews including nine studies overall, of which seven were randomized trials. We concluded it is not clear whether probiotics decrease the risk of symptomatic urinary tract infection, because the certainty of the evidence is very low.La infección del tracto urinario es la infección bacteriana más común y su recurrencia es frecuente. Entre las variadas medidas que potencialmente disminuirían este riesgo se ha planteado el uso de probióticos. Sin embargo, no está claro si realmente son efectivos.Para responder esta pregunta utilizamos Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud a nivel mundial, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, reanalizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE.Identificamos seis revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron nueve estudios, entre ellos siete ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que no está claro si los probióticos disminuyen el riesgo de infección urinaria sintomática, porque la certeza de la evidencia es muy baja.
- Published
- 2018
28. B-type natriuretic peptide testing in the emergency setting for managing acute dyspnea
- Author
-
Morales, María, primary and Rada, Gabriel, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Effects of Mediterranean diet on the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
- Author
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Porras, Maximiliano, primary, Rada, Gabriel, additional, and Durán, Josefina, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Effectiveness of digital interventions based on mobile phones for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections: A systematic review protocol
- Author
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Duarte, Giuliano, primary, Vanegas, Jairo, additional, Bravo-Soto, Gonzalo, additional, Rada, Gabriel, additional, and Pantoja, Tomás, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Are cannabinoids effective for fibromyalgia?
- Author
-
Matías, Rocco and Gabriel, Rada
- Subjects
lcsh:R5-920 ,Fibromyalgia ,Treatment Outcome ,Databases, Factual ,Cannabinoids ,lcsh:R ,Humans ,lcsh:Medicine ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic - Abstract
Cannabinoids have been proposed as a therapeutic alternative for fibromyalgia. However, their clinical effectiveness is a matter of debate.To answer this question we used Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach.We identified fifteen systematic reviews including two randomized trials overall. We concluded it is not clear whether cannabinoids have any benefit in fibromyalgia because the certainty of the evidence is very low. On the other hand, they are associated to frequent adverse effects.Se postula que los cannabinoides pudieran tener beneficios en la fibromialgia, sin embargo, su efectividad clínica sigue siendo un tema de discusión.Para responder esta pregunta utilizamos Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, reanalizamos los datos de los estudios primarios y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE.Identificamos quince revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyen dos ensayos aleatorizados pertinentes. Concluimos que no está claro si los cannabinoides tienen beneficios en la fibromialgia porque la certeza de la evidencia es muy baja. Por otra parte, están asociados a efectos adversos frecuentes.
- Published
- 2018
32. Should we administer oxygen during an acute coronary syndrome?
- Author
-
José Tomás Bennett-Laso, Tomás Kramer-Urrutia, and Gabriel Rada
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Acute coronary syndrome ,medicine.medical_treatment ,MEDLINE ,lcsh:Medicine ,Pain ,law.invention ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Oxygen therapy ,medicine ,Humans ,Acute Coronary Syndrome ,Intensive care medicine ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,lcsh:R5-920 ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Oxygen Inhalation Therapy ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Oxygen ,Clinical research ,Systematic review ,Meta-analysis ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,business - Abstract
Oxygen therapy is used for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome without further discussion. However, the support of this practice in clinical research is scarce, ignoring the true effects of its implementation. To answer this question, we searched in Epistemonikos database, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources. We identified five systematic reviews including 12 studies overall, five of which were randomized trials. We extracted data, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. We concluded that using oxygen probably does not decrease pain, and might not make any difference in mortality during an acute coronary syndrome.La oxigenoterapia es utilizada para el tratamiento del síndrome coronario agudo sin mayor discusión. Sin embargo, el sustento de esta práctica en investigación clínica es escaso, desconociéndose los verdaderos efectos que trae su implementación. Para responder esta interrogante utilizamos la base de datos Epistemonikos, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples fuentes de información, e identificamos cinco revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyen doce estudios, de los cuales cinco son estudios aleatorizados. Extrajimos los datos, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. Concluimos que el uso de oxígeno probablemente no disminuye el dolor, y podría no hacer ninguna diferencia en la mortalidad durante un síndrome coronario agudo.
- Published
- 2017
33. Bipolar or monopolar transurethral resection for benign prostatic hyperplasia?
- Author
-
Alejandro Majerson, Gabriel Rada, and Gabriel Inzunza
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Databases, Factual ,MEDLINE ,Blood Loss, Surgical ,Prostatic Hyperplasia ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ,law ,Medicine ,Humans ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Transurethral Resection of Prostate ,General Medicine ,Hyperplasia ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Clinical research ,Systematic review ,Treatment Outcome ,Meta-analysis ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,business ,Urinary tract obstruction - Abstract
Transurethral resection is currently considered as standard endoscopic treatment for lower urinary tract obstruction due to benign hyperplasia under 80 cc. Monopolar resection loops has been traditionally used but bipolar energy has recently displaced precedent technology. The purpose of this summary is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of both technologies.To answer this question we used Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach.We identified 13 systematic reviews including 32 primary studies, among them 31 randomized trials. We concluded although there may be no difference in terms of efficacy among both techniques, the use of bipolar energy reduces the incidence of transurethral resection syndrome and probably reduces the risk of bleeding that requires red blood cell transfusion.La resección transuretral es el método de elección para la resolución endoscópica de la uropatía obstructiva baja por hiperplasia benigna de la próstata menor a 80cc. Tradicionalmente esta ha sido realizada con asas de resección que utilizan energía monopolar. El uso de energía bipolar ha desplazado la tecnología precedente en el último tiempo. Se dispone a evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de ambas tecnologías para la técnica.Para responder esta pregunta utilizamos Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, reanalizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos tablas de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE.Identificamos 13 revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyen 32 estudios primarios, de los cuales 31 corresponden a ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que, si bien podrían no existir diferencias de eficacia entre ambas técnicas, la utilización de energía bipolar disminuye la incidencia de síndrome post resección transuretral y probablemente disminuye el riesgo de sangrado que requiere transfusión.
- Published
- 2017
34. Are oral oestrogens effective in preventing urinary tract infection in postmenopausal woman
- Author
-
Viviana Castro, Juan Pablo Canales, and Gabriel Rada
- Subjects
grade ,lcsh:R5-920 ,estrógenos orales ,Databases, Factual ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,Administration, Oral ,Estrogens ,General Medicine ,Postmenopause ,infección del tracto urinario ,Urinary Tract Infections ,Medicine ,Humans ,Female ,business ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Humanities ,mujeres post menopáusicas ,epistemonikos ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic - Abstract
Introduccion La infeccion del tracto urinario es una patologia frecuente, con un alto riesgo de recurrencia, por lo que representa un importan-te motivo de consulta. Dentro de la poblacion mas afectada se encuentran las mujeres postmenopausicas debido a la caida de los niveles de estrogenos, tanto locales como sistemicos, perdiendose la barrera protectora de la via urinaria contra agentes patogenos. Entre las variadas medidas que potencialmente disminuirian el riesgo de infeccion urinaria se ha planteado el uso de estrogenos, sin embargo, no esta claro si realmente son efectivos. Metodos Para responder esta pregunta utilizamos Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistematicas en salud a nivel mundial, la cual es mantenida mediante busquedas en multiples fuentes de informacion, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, reanalizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metanalisis, preparamos tablas de resumen de los resultados utilizando el metodo GRADE. Resultados y conclusiones Identificamos seis revisiones sistematicas que en conjunto incluyen siete estudios primarios, de los cuales, cuatro son ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que no esta claro si los estrogenos orales disminuyen el riesgo de desarrollar infeccion del tracto urinario sintomatica, porque la certeza de la evidencia es muy baja.
- Published
- 2017
35. Are systemic corticosteroids useful for the management of acute pharyngitis?
- Author
-
Gonzalo A Bravo-Soto, Gabriel Rada, and Gonzalo Alarcón-Andrade
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Databases, Factual ,MEDLINE ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,lcsh:Medicine ,Pain ,Acute Pharyngitis ,law.invention ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Health care ,Medicine ,Humans ,Adverse effect ,Intensive care medicine ,Glucocorticoids ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,lcsh:R5-920 ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Pharyngitis ,General Medicine ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Clinical research ,Systematic review ,Treatment Outcome ,Meta-analysis ,Acute Disease ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,business - Abstract
Pain associated to acute pharyngitis is a frequent cause of consultation. Usual care includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatories and antibiotics in selected cases, but pain relief is not always quick enough. The use of corticosteroids has been proposed as a therapeutic alternative, but its actual efficacy is matter of debate.To answer this question we used Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach.We identified eight systematic reviews including 11 studies overall, of which 10 were randomized trials. We concluded a short course of systemic corticosteroids reduces pain related to acute pharyngitis, without increasing the risk of adverse effects.La faringitis aguda constituye un motivo de consulta frecuente, en especial por el dolor asociado a ésta. El manejo habitual incluye antiinflamatorios no esteroidales y antibióticos en casos seleccionados, pero el alivio del dolor no siempre se consigue de manera rápida. Se ha planteado el uso de corticoides como alternativa terapéutica, pero existe controversia al respecto.Utilizamos Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, reanalizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos tablas de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE.Identificamos ocho revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyen 11 estudios primarios, entre ellos 10 ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que el uso de corticoides sistémicos en cursos cortos reduce el dolor asociado a la faringitis aguda, sin aumentar el riesgo de efectos adversos.
- Published
- 2017
36. Do cannabinoids constitute a therapeutic alternative for anorexia nervosa?
- Author
-
Tania Contreras, Gabriel Rada, and Gonzalo A Bravo-Soto
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Anorexia Nervosa ,Databases, Factual ,MEDLINE ,lcsh:Medicine ,law.invention ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,Intensive care medicine ,Adverse effect ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,lcsh:R5-920 ,business.industry ,Cannabinoids ,lcsh:R ,Body Weight ,General Medicine ,Systematic review ,Clinical research ,Treatment Outcome ,Anorexia nervosa (differential diagnoses) ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,business - Abstract
Cannabinoids have been postulated as an alternative for anorexia nervosa. However, their actual clinical efficacy and safety are still discussed.To answer this question we used Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach.We identified four systematic reviews including two primary studies, both corresponding to randomized trials. We concluded cannabinoids might not increase weight or improve symptoms in anorexia nervosa, and are probably associated to frequent adverse effects.Se ha planteado que la estimulación del apetito con cannabinoides podría constituir una alternativa terapéutica en anorexia nerviosa. Sin embargo, su utilidad clínica y seguridad genera controversia.Para responder esta pregunta utilizamos Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, reanalizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, preparamos tablas de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE.Identificamos cuatro revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyen dos estudios primarios, ambos correspondientes a ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que los cannabinoides podrían no aumentar el peso ni mejorar la sintomatología en la anorexia nerviosa, y se asocian a efectos adversos frecuentes.
- Published
- 2017
37. Is cannabidiol an effective treatment for schizophrenia?
- Author
-
Gabriel Rada, María Isabel Ruiz, and Rami Guinguis
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,MEDLINE ,lcsh:Medicine ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,medicine ,Cannabidiol ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Antipsychotic ,Psychiatry ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,lcsh:R5-920 ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Systematic review ,Clinical research ,Treatment Outcome ,Schizophrenia ,Meta-analysis ,business ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug ,Antipsychotic Agents - Abstract
Cannabidiol has recently been proposed as an antipsychotic for schizophrenia. However, its clinical use and safety is controversial. To answer this question, we used Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We identified six systematic reviews incorporating four primary studies overall, including two randomized trials. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data from primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. We concluded cannabidiol probably does not improve symptoms in schizophrenia and leads to frequent side effects.Recientemente se ha propuesto el uso de cannabidiol como antipsicótico para la esquizofrenia. Sin embargo, su utilidad clínica y seguridad genera controversia. Para responder esta pregunta utilizamos Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud a nivel mundial, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Identificamos seis revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyen cuatro estudios, entre ellos dos ensayos controlados aleatorizados. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, reanalizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos tablas de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. Concluimos que el cannabidiol probablemente no disminuye la sintomatología en pacientes con esquizofrenia, y está asociado a efectos adversos frecuentes.
- Published
- 2017
38. Are steroids effective in toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome?
- Author
-
Rodrigo Meza, Pablo Varas, and Gabriel Rada
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Databases, Factual ,Treatment outcome ,lcsh:Medicine ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Glucocorticoids ,lcsh:R5-920 ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Stevens johnson ,General Medicine ,Length of Stay ,medicine.disease ,Dermatology ,Toxic epidermal necrolysis ,Hospitalization ,Skin reaction ,Treatment Outcome ,Systematic review ,Clinical research ,Stevens-Johnson Syndrome ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Meta-analysis ,business ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Hospital stay - Abstract
Toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome are severe adverse skin reactions to medications and infections. Steroids are described as a therapeutic alternative, but their use is still controversial. To answer this question, we searched in Epistemonikos database, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources. We identified four systematic reviews including 11 primary studies answering the question of interest. We extracted data, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. We concluded it is not clear whether steroids reduce mortality or hospital stay in toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome because the certainty of the evidence is very low.La necrólisis epidérmica tóxica y el síndrome de Stevens-Johnson son reacciones cutáneas adversas graves a medicamentos e infecciones. Los corticoides se describen como una alternativa terapéutica, sin embargo, su uso es aún controvertido. Utilizando la base de datos Epistemonikos, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples bases de datos, identificamos cuatro revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyen once estudios primarios que responden la pregunta de interés. Extrajimos los datos y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. Concluimos que no está claro si los corticoides disminuyen la mortalidad o la estadía hospitalaria en la necrólisis epidérmica tóxica y el síndrome de Stevens-Johnson porque la certeza de la evidencia es muy baja.
- Published
- 2017
39. Is it worth adding loperamide to antibiotic treatment of travelers diarrhea?
- Author
-
Gabriel Rada, Yazmín Pinos, María Isabel Ruiz, and Oscar Corsi
- Subjects
Diarrhea ,Loperamide ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Databases, Factual ,030231 tropical medicine ,MEDLINE ,lcsh:Medicine ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pharmacotherapy ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Intensive care medicine ,Adverse effect ,Antidiarrheals ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,lcsh:R5-920 ,Travel ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,General Medicine ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Systematic review ,Clinical research ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,medicine.symptom ,business ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Travel-Related Illness ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Travelers' diarrhea is a frequent condition, especially in those traveling to high-risk areas. Although antibiotic treatment reduces the duration of diarrhea, it has been suggested adding loperamide could further reduce the symptoms. To answer this question we used Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We identified two systematic reviews including 28 studies overall, of which 15 were randomized trials relevant for the question of interest. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalysed data of primary studies and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. We concluded adding loperamide to antibiotic treatment might accelerate resolution of symptoms in travelers diarrhea with minimal or no adverse effects.La diarrea del viajero es una patología frecuente, en especial en quienes se dirigen a regiones de alto riesgo. Si bien el tratamiento antibiótico reduce la duración del cuadro, se ha planteado que la asociación de loperamida podría reducir aún más los síntomas. Para responder esta pregunta utilizamos Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Identificamos dos revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyen 28 estudios primarios, de los cuales 15 corresponden a ensayos aleatorizados. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas y preparamos tablas de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. Concluimos que agregar loperamida al tratamiento con antibióticos podría acelerar la resolución del cuadro, sin asociarse probablemente a efectos adversos importantes.
- Published
- 2017
40. Is fluid restriction needed in heart failure?
- Author
-
Victoria Castro-Gutiérrez and Gabriel Rada
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,MEDLINE ,lcsh:Medicine ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Patient Readmission ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Intensive care medicine ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Heart Failure ,lcsh:R5-920 ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Hospitalization ,Systematic review ,Clinical research ,Meta-analysis ,Heart failure ,Chronic Disease ,Fluid Therapy ,Fluid restriction ,business ,lcsh:Medicine (General) - Abstract
Fluid restriction is usually recommended in chronic heart failure. However, the evidence base to support this is not that clear. Searching in Epistemonikos database, which is maintained by screening multiple databases, we identified five systematic reviews evaluating 11 studies addressing the question of this article, including seven randomized trials. We extracted data, combined the evidence using meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table following the GRADE approach. We concluded fluid restriction probably decreases hospital readmission in chronic heart failure and might decrease mortality, but the certainty of the evidence for the latter is low.Habitualmente se recomienda la restricción de volumen en la insuficiencia cardíaca. Sin embargo, esto no necesariamente está sustentado por evidencia científica. Utilizando la base de datos Epistemonikos, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples bases de datos, identificamos cinco revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyen once estudios pertinentes a la pregunta, de los cuales siete corresponden a estudios controlados aleatorizados. Realizamos un metanálisis y tablas de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. Concluimos que la restricción de volumen en la insuficiencia cardíaca probablemente disminuye la readmisión hospitalaria y podría disminuir la mortalidad, aunque la certeza de la evidencia para esto último es baja.
- Published
- 2017
41. Are cannabinoids effective for epilepsy?
- Author
-
Javier Peña and Gabriel Rada
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,MEDLINE ,lcsh:Medicine ,law.invention ,Epilepsy ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Medicine ,Humans ,Intensive care medicine ,Adverse effect ,Beneficial effects ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,lcsh:R5-920 ,business.industry ,Cannabinoids ,lcsh:R ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Clinical research ,Systematic review ,Treatment Outcome ,Meta-analysis ,Anticonvulsants ,business ,lcsh:Medicine (General) - Abstract
Several beneficial effects have been proposed for cannabinoids in different clinical conditions, including epilepsy. However, their clinical role is controversial. Searching in Epistemonikos database, which is maintained by screening multiple databases, we identified five systematic reviews including four randomized trials addressing the question of this article. We extracted data and generated a summary of findings following the GRADE approach. We concluded it is not clear whether cannabinoids reduce the frequency of seizures in epilepsy because the certainty of the evidence is very low, and they probably increase adverse effects.En el último tiempo se han descrito diversos beneficios con el uso de canabinoides en diferentes situaciones clínicas. Dentro de ellas se ha planteado un posible efecto en el control de la epilepsia, pero la real utilidad clínica es tema de debate. Utilizando la base de datos Epistemonikos, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples bases de datos, identificamos cinco revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyen cuatro estudios aleatorizados. Extrajimos los datos y realizamos una síntesis mediante tablas de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. Concluimos que no está claro si los cannabinoides disminuyen la frecuencia de las convulsiones porque la certeza de la evidencia es muy baja, pero probablemente se asocian a efectos adversos frecuentes.
- Published
- 2017
42. Are cannabinoids effective in multiple sclerosis?
- Author
-
Karen García, Javier Peña, Gabriel Rada, Rodrigo Meza, and Oscar Corsi
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Gerontology ,Multiple Sclerosis ,Pain ,lcsh:Medicine ,Bioinformatics ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Medicine ,Humans ,Spasticity ,Adverse effect ,Beneficial effects ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,lcsh:R5-920 ,business.industry ,Cannabinoids ,Multiple sclerosis ,lcsh:R ,General Medicine ,Control symptoms ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Clinical research ,Systematic review ,Treatment Outcome ,Muscle Spasticity ,medicine.symptom ,business ,lcsh:Medicine (General) - Abstract
Multiple beneficial effects have been proposed lately for cannabinoids in different clinical situations. Among them, it has been postulated they would control symptoms of multiple sclerosis. However, there is no consensus about their real clinical role. To answer this question, we searched in Epistemonikos database, which is maintained by screening multiple databases. We identified 25 systematic reviews including 35 studies overall, of which 26 were randomized trials. We extracted data, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. We concluded cannabinoids in multiple sclerosis do not reduce spasticity or pain, and are probably associated to frequent adverse effects.En el último tiempo, se han descrito diversos beneficios con el uso de cannabinoides en diferentes situaciones clínicas. Dentro de ellas se ha planteado un posible efecto en el control de la esclerosis múltiple, pero la real utilidad clínica es tema de debate. Para responder a esta pregunta utilizamos la base de datos Epistemonikos, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples bases de datos. Identificamos 25 revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyen 35 estudios que responden la pregunta de interés, entre ellos 26 estudios aleatorizados. Extrajimos los datos, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. Concluimos que el uso de cannabinoides en esclerosis múltiple no reduce la espasticidad ni el dolor, y probablemente se asocia a efectos adversos frecuentes.
- Published
- 2017
43. Effectiveness of digital interventions based on mobile phones for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections: A systematic review protocol
- Author
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Tomas Pantoja, Gonzalo Bravo, Gabriel Rada, Giuliano Duarte, and Jairo Vanegas
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Sexually Transmitted Diseases ,Psychological intervention ,MEDLINE ,lcsh:Medicine ,HIV Infections ,Sex Education ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,prevention ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Humans ,Medicine ,sexually transmitted infection ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Protocol (science) ,mobile phone ,lcsh:R5-920 ,business.industry ,Public health ,public health ,lcsh:R ,Health technology ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Systematic review ,Mobile phone ,Medical emergency ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,business ,Cell Phone ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Systematic Reviews as Topic - Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, are an important public health problem. Every day, over one million persons become infected with a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Health systems are searching for solutions to improve sex education and change the sexual behavior of people in order to prevent them. In public health, digital interventions based on mobile health technologies (M-health), especially those based on mobile phones, might be a crucial tool for the prevention of STIs and HIV. This systematic will review and summarize the evidence on the effectiveness of mobile phone-based interventions for the prevention of STIs and HIV.The protocol was designed and will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P). The protocol will include randomized controlled trials that assess the effect of interventions based on mobile phones for the prevention of STIs/HIV. The interventions of interest will be those targeting mobile phone users and should consist of providing information by mobile phone through any function or application that can be used or sent to, and that has been designed to educate, promote or modify sexual behaviors and prevent STIs, including HIV. The data sources to identify these studies will be the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE and MEDLINE. The risk of bias will be assessed using the tool recommended by Cochrane. Finally, a meta-analysis will be done and data will be presented following the GRADE method.This research was exempted by the Ethics Committee of Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (ID 171128002).CRD42018099008.Las infecciones de transmisión sexual, incluida el VIH, son un importante problema de salud pública. Cada día más de un millón de personas contraen una infección de transmisión sexual. Los sistemas de salud están buscando soluciones para mejorar la educación y lograr cambios en el comportamiento de las personas para prevenir infecciones de transmisión sexual. Las intervenciones digitales basadas en tecnologías móviles en salud (M-health), en especial las basadas en teléfonos móviles, podrían ser una importante herramienta en salud pública para la prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual/VIH. Esta revisión sistemática resume la evidencia sobre la efectividad de las intervenciones basadas en teléfonos móviles para la prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual/VIH.El protocolo fue diseñado y será reportado en concordancia con la directriz "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P)". Se incluirán ensayos controlados aleatorizados que evalúen el efecto de las intervenciones basadas en teléfonos móviles para la prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual/VIH. Las intervenciones de interés serán aquellas dirigidas a usuarios de teléfonos móviles, basada en cualquier función o aplicación que pueda usarse o enviarse y que hayan sido diseñadas para educar, promocionar o modificar conductas para reducir comportamiento sexual de riesgo y prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual incluyendo VIH. La búsqueda electrónica para identificar los estudios se realizará en el Registro Cochrane Central de ensayos controlados (CENTRAL), en EMBASE y MEDLINE/PubMed. Se evaluará el riesgo de sesgo utilizando la herramienta recomendada por la colaboración Cochrane. Se realizará metanálisis y se presentarán los datos mediante el método GRADE.Esta investigación fue inscrita en el comité de ética de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, aceptada y cuenta con certificado de resolución exenta de revisión (ID 171128002).CRD42018099008.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for complicated appendicitis
- Author
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del Pino, Cristóbal, primary, Muñoz, Rodrigo, additional, and Rada, Gabriel, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Non-contrast computed tomography for the diagnosis of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage
- Author
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Suazo, Yerko, primary and Rada, Gabriel, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Diacerein and arthrosis treatment
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Irarrázaval, Sebastián, primary, Alegría Mejías, Anselmo Ignacio, additional, Bravo Soto, Gonzalo, additional, and Rada, Gabriel, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Are probiotics effective in preventing urinary tract infection?
- Author
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Canales, Juan, primary and Rada, Gabriel, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Are perioperative statins beneficial for cardiac surgery?
- Author
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Gonzalo A Bravo-Soto, Valentina Llovet-Gutiérrez, and Gabriel Rada
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Treatment outcome ,MEDLINE ,General Medicine ,Perioperative ,Perioperative Care ,law.invention ,Cardiac surgery ,Systematic review ,Clinical research ,Treatment Outcome ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Meta-analysis ,medicine ,Humans ,Cardiac Surgical Procedures ,Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ,Intensive care medicine ,business ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic - Abstract
The use of perioperative statins has been proposed as a measure to reduce morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgery. However, their clinical role is controversial. Searching in Epistemonikos database, which is maintained by screening multiple databases, we identified 36 systematic reviews comprising 92 primary studies addressing the question of this article, including 22 randomized trials. We extracted data, combined the evidence using meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings following the GRADE approach. We concluded perioperative statins probably do not decrease mortality in cardiac surgery and it is unclear if they have any benefit because the certainty of the evidence is very low.Se ha propuesto el uso de estatinas perioperatorias como una medida para disminuir la morbimortalidad en cirugía cardíaca. No obstante, su impacto clínico es controvertido. Utilizando la base de datos Epistemonikos, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples bases de datos, identificamos 36 revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyen 92 estudios primarios de los cuales 22 son estudios aleatorizados. Realizamos un metanálisis y tablas de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. Concluimos que las estatinas perioperatorias probablemente no disminuyen la mortalidad en cirugía cardíaca y no está claro si tienen algún beneficio porque la certeza de la evidencia es muy baja.
- Published
- 2017
49. Are probiotics effective to prevent traveler’s diarrhea?
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Victoria Castro-Gutiérrez, Gabriel Rada, and Yazmín Pinos
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Diarrhea ,Travel ,lcsh:R5-920 ,business.industry ,Probiotics ,030231 tropical medicine ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,General Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Acute Disease ,Practice Guidelines as Topic ,Medicine ,Humans ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,business ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Humanities ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic - Abstract
Resumen La diarrea aguda es la enfermedad más común que afecta a los viajeros, principalmente aquellos que se dirigen a regiones de alto riesgo. El uso de probióticos podría prevenir su aparición, sin embargo, los datos que apoyan su uso no son consistentes y no se recomiendan en las guías clínicas actuales. Utilizando la base de datos Epistemonikos, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples bases de datos, identificamos cuatro revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyen siete estudios aleatorizados pertinentes a esta pregunta. Realizamos un metanálisis y tablas de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. Concluimos que los probióticos podrían prevenir la diarrea del viajero, pero la certeza de la evidencia es baja.
- Published
- 2016
50. Are erythropoiesis-stimulating agents beneficial for anemia in chronic heart failure patients?
- Author
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Diego Araneda and Gabriel Rada
- Subjects
Heart Failure ,medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:R5-920 ,Anemia ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Comorbidity ,Hospitalization ,Systematic review ,Clinical research ,Heart failure ,Chronic Disease ,Hematinics ,medicine ,Humans ,Erythropoiesis ,In patient ,business ,Intensive care medicine ,lcsh:Medicine (General) - Abstract
Anemia is a common comorbidity among patients with chronic health failure and appears to be associated with increased mortality and morbidity. However, it is unclear whether correcting it with erythropoiesis stimulating agents improves clinical outcomes. Searching in Epistemonikos database, which is maintained by screening 30 databases, we identified 11 systematic reviews including 17 trials overall addressing the question of this article. We combined the evidence using meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings following the GRADE approach. We concluded the use of erythropoiesis stimulating agents in patients with chronic heart failure and anemia does not decrease mortality, and it is not clear if they decrease the risk of hospitalization or if they improve functional status because the certainty of the evidence is very low. The risk of thromboembolic events probably increases.
- Published
- 2016
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