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Fundamento: el yoga es reconocido como una forma de medicina que integra los componentes físicos, mentales y espirituales de un individuo para mejorar aspectos de la salud, particularmente las enfermedades relacionadas con el estrés. La evidencia muestra que el estrés contribuye a la etiología de enfermedades cardíacas, el cáncer y los accidentes cerebrovasculares. Objetivo: evaluar los efectos del yoga como terapia en la reducción del estrés en pacientes con hipertensión arterial. Método: se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental, de tipo antes-después sin grupo de control en 138 pacientes con hipertensión arterial que asistían a una clínica privada en Ambato, Ecuador. La muestra se seleccionó mediante muestreo no probabilístico e intencional con criterios de inclusión y exclusión. La intervención consistió en un programa de yoga durante 8 semanas y la aplicación de la Perceived Stress Scale antes y después del programa. Resultados: la edad media fue de 41,2 años, con un 50,7 % de participantes masculinos (n = 70) y 49,3 % femeninos (n = 68). La variable estrés medida previa a la intervención presentó una media de 19,44 y la medición posterior a la intervención una media de 15,94 mostró un nivel de estrés promedio menor después de la intervención. La prueba de Wilcoxon resultó con un valor = -9,770 (p < 0,05). El 90,6 % de los sujetos disminuyeron su nivel de estrés con la intervención. Conclusiones: el yoga como terapia mostró resultados positivos en la reducción del estrés en pacientes con hipertensión arterial. Se debe considerar el yoga como una técnica complementaria eficaz para aliviar el estrés en pacientes con hipertensión arterial, con potencialidades para mejorar su calidad de vida.

Foundation: bronchial asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in childhood. The guidelines for diagnosis and treatment are governed by severity, level of control and quality of life, however, there is no evidence that demonstrates its statistical association.Objective: to measure the association degree between the severity of bronchial asthma, control level and quality of life in children.Methods: cross-sectional study, carried out from January to December 2022, in a sample of 189 patients with a bronchial asthma confirmed diagnosis. The analyzed variables were: age, sex, severity, level of control and quality of life. Statisticians, absolute frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean and standard deviation were calculated. The Chi-square test (pResults: the mean age was 9.17 years (SD ± 0.67). Males predominated, representing 53.54%. Intermittent asthma (39.15%), partial control level (59.79%) and high quality of life (50.26%) prevailed. When relating severity with level of control, the association statistician indicated X2=190.461 (VC= 0.662); in the case of severity and quality of life, X2=252.673 (VC=0.762); and between level of control and quality of life, X2=66.733 (VC=0.401).Conclusions: there was a strong association between severity of bronchial asthma-level of control and between severity of asthma-quality of life; as well as a moderate association between level of control-quality of life.

Background: suffering from diabetes can influence the perception of the individual himself and change his daily routine, thus affecting his quality of life; Based on this, the deepening of the subject is of great importance.Objective: to determine the relationship between quality of life, age and income in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 33 older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling, in the Las Mariposas community (Chillán, Chile), in 2019. The Diabetes 39 instrument was applied for quality of life analysis. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Spearman's Rho statistical tests were used.Results: the female sex was the predominant, as well as married people. Age had a mean value of 71.45 years. In the economic income, 66.7% of the participants reported the impossibility of paying the expenses of the month. Among the life’s quality dimensions analyzed, the most affected were: diabetes severity (mean 55.05), energy/mobility (mean 44.1), and quality of life (mean 43.9). Age and income did not show a significant correlation with any of the dimensions studied.Conclusions: the older adults’ quality of life with type 2 diabetes mellitus is affected, without a significant relationship with age and economic income.

The medicines’ interchangeability represents a necessity in developing countries, because it offers the possibility of accessing lower cost products, it allows to ensure efficacy and safety in pharmacotherapeutic treatments. The study gather researches carried out in the Peruvian state published in high-impact databases such as Scielo, Sciencedirect, Scopus and Pubmed. Of the 553 researches found, only 10 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, drugs such as diazepam, prednisone, amoxicillin, doxycycline, fluconazole, phenytoin sodium, alprazolam, amlodipine, carbamazepine sodium, glibenclamide, moxifloxacin and acetylsalicylic acid were identified. All the articles analyzed the dissolution profile by calculating the similarity factor f2, while, in other cases, they estimated parameters such as weight variation, friability, hardness, quantification, content uniformity, and dissolution profile. The results show that 9 drugs included in the study were analyzed by in vitro studies at different pH (1.2; 4.5 and 6.8), and complied with presenting a similarity factor f2 greater than 50. It is concluded that, the interchangeability of medicines in the Peruvian state is still in process, and that, through strategic alliances with the private sector, a greater number of pharmaceutical alternatives could be had in the patient's recovery.

Foundation: bronchial asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in childhood. The guidelines for diagnosis and treatment are governed by severity, level of control and quality of life, however, there is no evidence that demonstrates its statistical association. Objective: to measure the association degree between the severity of bronchial asthma, control level and quality of life in children. Methods: cross-sectional study, carried out from January to December 2022, in a sample of 189 patients with a bronchial asthma confirmed diagnosis. The analyzed variables were: age, sex, severity, level of control and quality of life. Statisticians, absolute frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean and standard deviation were calculated. The Chi-square test (p<0.01) was used to measure association and the V-Cramer coefficient was used to evaluate the strength of the association. Results: the mean age was 9.17 years (SD ± 0.67). Males predominated, representing 53.54%. Intermittent asthma (39.15%), partial control level (59.79%) and high quality of life (50.26%) prevailed. When relating severity with level of control, the association statistician indicated X2=190.461 (VC= 0.662); in the case of severity and quality of life, X2=252.673 (VC=0.762); and between level of control and quality of life, X2=66.733 (VC=0.401). Conclusions: there was a strong association between severity of bronchial asthma-level of control and between severity of asthma-quality of life; as well as a moderate association between level of control-quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fundamento: las neoplasias de pulmón son el segundo cáncer más común en el mundo. El número de muertes continúa disminuyendo debido al abandono del hábito de fumar y a los avances en la detección temprana y el tratamiento. La fisioterapia juega un papel importante al ayudar al manejo y control de signos y síntomas.Objetivo: describir los resultados de un programa de intervención terapéutica en pacientes con cáncer de pulmón.Métodos: se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental, con 77 pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer de pulmón pertenecientes a dos policlínicos de la provincia de Ciego de Ávila, en el período 2019-2021. Las variables analizadas fueron: edad, sexo, tiempo de inicio de la rehabilitación, síntomas y calidad de vida; esta última mediante el European organization for reseach and treatment of cancer quality life questionnaire core 30. Para determinar la significación al cambio después del tratamiento se utilizó el test no paramétrico de los signos para la calidad de vida.Resultados: predominó el grupo etario de 65 a 79 años y el sexo masculino. El tiempo de inicio de rehabilitación osciló entre los 6 a 12 meses. El cansancio, la disnea, la ansiedad y el insomnio fueron los síntomas predominantes, y mejoraron de forma discreta, sobre todo la disnea (de 92,2 % a 50,6 %). La calidad de vida mostró también cierta mejoría, resultado estadísticamente significativo (p=0,000).Conclusión: la intervención terapéutica logró paliar algunos síntomas en los pacientes de la serie en estudio, que en el caso de la calidad de vida resultó estadísticamente significativo.

The medicines’ interchangeability represents a necessity in developing countries, because it offers the possibility of accessing lower cost products, it allows to ensure efficacy and safety in pharmacotherapeutic treatments. The study gather researches carried out in the Peruvian state published in high-impact databases such as Scielo, Sciencedirect, Scopus and Pubmed. Of the 553 researches found, only 10 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, drugs such as diazepam, prednisone, amoxicillin, doxycycline, fluconazole, phenytoin sodium, alprazolam, amlodipine, carbamazepine sodium, glibenclamide, moxifloxacin and acetylsalicylic acid were identified. All the articles analyzed the dissolution profile by calculating the similarity factor f2, while, in other cases, they estimated parameters such as weight variation, friability, hardness, quantification, content uniformity, and dissolution profile. The results show that 9 drugs included in the study were analyzed by in vitro studies at different pH (1.2; 4.5 and 6.8), and complied with presenting a similarity factor f2 greater than 50. It is concluded that, the interchangeability of medicines in the Peruvian state is still in process, and that, through strategic alliances with the private sector, a greater number of pharmaceutical alternatives could be had in the patient's recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: suffering from diabetes can influence the perception of the individual himself and change his daily routine, thus affecting his quality of life; Based on this, the deepening of the subject is of great importance. Objective: to determine the relationship between quality of life, age and income in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 33 older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling, in the Las Mariposas community (Chillán, Chile), in 2019. The Diabetes 39 instrument was applied for quality of life analysis. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Spearman's Rho statistical tests were used. Results: the female sex was the predominant, as well as married people. Age had a mean value of 71.45 years. In the economic income, 66.7% of the participants reported the impossibility of paying the expenses of the month. Among the life’s quality dimensions analyzed, the most affected were: diabetes severity (mean 55.05), energy/mobility (mean 44.1), and quality of life (mean 43.9). Age and income did not show a significant correlation with any of the dimensions studied. Conclusions: the older adults’ quality of life with type 2 diabetes mellitus is affected, without a significant relationship with age and economic income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: lung neoplasms are the second most common cancer in the world. The number of deaths continues to decline due to smoking cessation and advances in early detection and treatment. Physiotherapy plays an important role in helping to manage and control signs and symptoms. Objective: to describe the results of a therapeutic intervention program in patients with lung cancer. Methods: a quasi-experimental study was carried out, with 77 patients diagnosed with lung cancer belonging to two polyclinics in the Ciego de Ávila province, from 2019 to 2021. The analyzed variables: age, sex, start time of rehabilitation, symptoms and quality of life; the latter using the European organization for research and treatment of cancer quality life questionnaire core 30. To determine the significance of the change after treatment, the non-parametric sign test for life quality was used. Results: the age group from 65 to 79 years old and the male sex prevailed. Rehabilitation start time ranged from 6 to 12 months. Fatigue, dyspnea, anxiety, and insomnia were the predominant symptoms, and they improved slightly, especially dyspnea (from 92.2% to 50.6%). Quality of life also showed some improvement, a statistically significant result (p=0.000). Conclusion: the therapeutic intervention was able to alleviate some symptoms in patients under study, which in case of quality of life was statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: multiple sclerosis is a disease characterized by outbreaks of disability in any functional system that are produced by inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system.Objective: to determine the health-related quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis.Methods: a quasi-experimental, prospective longitudinal study with all patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis with follow-up in Villa Clara during the period from 2017 to 2019. The study population consisted of 86 patients who were part of a multidisciplinary follow-up strategy.Results: regarding the modifications of the mental and physical component of the health state, it was observed that the mean score was 30.4 ± 9.7 and 39.9 ± 10.2 respectively before the strategy and 38.8 ± 9.3 and 51.5 ± 9.3 later respectively; so they moved to higher levels. On the visual impairment impact scale, the mean was 10.8 ± 2.2 before and 7.1 ± 2.8 after. Regarding the modifications in the mental health inventory, it was 58.1 ± 14.8 before and 47.2 ± 15.1 after. There was improvement in the impact of fatigue; pain effect; sexual satisfaction; bladder control; bowel control; impact of visual impairment; perceived cognitive deficit; mental health and social support.Conclusions: satisfactory modifications were achieved in the perceived quality of life scale, in the mental and physical health components, for which there was an improvement in health-related quality of life.

Fundamento: una intervención basada en ejercicio multicomponente favorecería la funcionalidad. Sin embargo, son escasos los estudios locales, en Chile, que los han utilizado.Objetivo: determinar los efectos del ejercicio multicomponente en la disminución del riesgo de caída y riesgo de deterioro cognitivo, la mejora del equilibrio, fuerza muscular, capacidad funcional y calidad de vida en personas mayores que viven en comunidad.Métodos: estudio preexperimental pre-post sin grupo control. La muestra fue intencionada (n=17; 47,1 % mujeres; 70 años de mediana). Se aplicó un plan de ejercicio multicomponente durante nueve semanas. Pre y post ejercicio se evaluó equilibrio dinámico con el test Timed Up and Go, equilibrio estático con un oscilógrafo postural y la prueba de Estación Unipodal, fuerza muscular con el test de Sentarse y Levantarse, capacidad funcional con el test de Marcha 6 Minutos, calidad de vida con el Cuestionario SF-36 y sospecha de deterioro cognitivo con el Mini Mental State. Para determinar diferencias pre-post ejercicio se aplicó la prueba de Wilcoxon.Resultados: después de los ejercicios se observó un mejor rendimiento en las pruebas: Timed Up and Go (p=0,004), Estación Unipodal (p=0,023 pierna derecha, p=0,005 pierna izquierda), Sentarse y Levantarse (p=0,014), Marcha de 6 Minutos (p=0,006) y en el Cuestionario SF-36: dolor corporal (p=0,003), salud mental (p=0,000) y puntaje total (p=0,002).Conclusiones: un programa de ejercicio multicomponente de nueve semanas logró disminuir el riesgo de caídas, mejorar equilibrio, fuerza muscular, capacidad funcional y calidad de vida de personas mayores que viven en comunidad.

Background: Rehabilitation with dental prostheses is a solution that the vast majority of older adults use when faced with tooth loss, and its implications in the aesthetic, functional and psychological order.Objective: to evaluate the impact of prosthetic rehabilitation on the life quality related to oral health in older adults.Methods: descriptive study, carried out from January 2017 to December 2019, with patients who attended the prosthesis consultation at the Faculty of Stomatology (N =100), to receive prosthetic rehabilitation treatment. The Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire was applied, and variables such as age, sex and the main reason for consultation were explored. Statistical significance tests were applied when comparing and correlating the study variables.Results: in the elderly rehabilitated with total prostheses, the female sex represented the 60% and the 77% requested attention due to aesthetic and functional concerns. Functional limitation, pain and physical disability were the most frequent problems. In terms of impact, 88 patients classified as “no impact”, which meant that prosthetic rehabilitation had a positive influence on perceived life quality.Conclusion: In most cases, prosthetic rehabilitation had a positive impact on the life quality related to oral health. Disability was not referring in any case.

Background: multiple sclerosis is a disease characterized by outbreaks of disability in any functional system that are produced by inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system. Objective: to determine the health-related quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis. Methods: a quasi-experimental, prospective longitudinal study with all patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis with follow-up in Villa Clara during the period from 2017 to 2019. The study population consisted of 86 patients who were part of a multidisciplinary follow-up strategy. Results: regarding the modifications of the mental and physical component of the health state, it was observed that the mean score was 30.4 ± 9.7 and 39.9 ± 10.2 respectively before the strategy and 38.8 ± 9.3 and 51.5 ± 9.3 later respectively; so they moved to higher levels. On the visual impairment impact scale, the mean was 10.8 ± 2.2 before and 7.1 ± 2.8 after. Regarding the modifications in the mental health inventory, it was 58.1 ± 14.8 before and 47.2 ± 15.1 after. There was improvement in the impact of fatigue; pain effect; sexual satisfaction; bladder control; bowel control; impact of visual impairment; perceived cognitive deficit; mental health and social support. Conclusions: satisfactory modifications were achieved in the perceived quality of life scale, in the mental and physical health components, for which there was an improvement in health-related quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foundation: sleep is recognized as an indicator of quality of life and, in a student´s daily life, it acquires great importance for its relationship with cognitive functioning and academic activities.Objective: to identify and evaluate factors associated with quality of sleep presented by the Chilean students of the Obstetric training program, according to years studied.Methods: cross-sectional and analytical study conducted in the 2018 school year in a Chilean university, which included all the students of Obstetrics, who answered a questionnaire that evaluated sociodemographic background, academic profile, previous sleep habits and sleep quality, assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) survey.Results: the behavior around the sleep habits differs significantly among courses, in the 1st and 4th year there are those who sleep less and the students of this last course are classified as the worst sleepers. The average of the PSQI components varies between 6, 6 (5th year) and 9.2 (4th year); daytime dysfunction component showed the most extreme values.Conclusions: there is a weak association between sleeping quality and sociodemographic variables, academic profile and previous sleep habits. It is only strongly associated with some components of the sleep quality survey, such as bedtime and student sleeping hours. The training program progression does not mean an increase or decrease in bad or good sleepers.

Fundamento: los pacientes adultos mayores desdentados totales con grandes atrofias óseas, tienen afectada la masticación, fonación, deglución, la psiquis y por tanto su calidad de vida. Para ellos existe una alternativa de tratamiento, la implantología bucal. Objetivo: describir los resultados del tratamiento de prótesis total implantosoportada con carga inmediata en la calidad de vida de pacientes adultos mayores. Métodos: investigación descriptiva de corte transversal realizada en la consulta de implantología de la Facultad de Estomatología de La Habana, sobre 41 pacientes a los que, después de dos meses de rehabilitados con prótesis total implantosoportada con carga inmediata, se le aplicó el cuestionario de calidad de vida relacionado con salud bucal (OHIP-14). Se consideró como no impacto o impacto negativo cuando no hubo mejoría e impacto o impacto positivo cuando hubo mejoría de la calidad de vida. Resultados: las dimensiones con mayor impacto negativo fueron: dolor físico (48,8 %), incapacidad física (51,2 %), malestar psicológico (73,2 %) y las de impacto positivo fueron: limitación funcional, incapacidad social, psicológica y la minusvalía, con 95,1 %; 92,7 % y 100 % respectivamente. Conclusiones: el tratamiento mediante prótesis dental total implantosoportada mejora la calidad de vida de pacientes adultos mayores.

Background: a multicomponent exercise-based intervention would favor functionality. However, there are few local studies, in Chile, that have used them. Objective: to determine the effects of multicomponent exercise in reducing the falling and cognitive deterioration risks, improving balance, muscle strength, functional capacity and life quality in elderly people living in the community. Methods: pre-post experimental study without control group. The sample was intentional (n = 17; 47.1% women; median 70 years old). A multicomponent exercise plan was applied for nine weeks. Pre and post exercise, dynamic balance was evaluated with the Timed Up and Go test, static balance with a postural oscillograph and the Unipodal Station test, muscle strength with the Sit and Stand test, functional capacity with the 6 Minute Walk test, quality life with the SF-36 Questionnaire and suspected cognitive impairment with the Mini Mental State. To determine pre-post exercise differences, the Wilcoxon test was applied. Results: after the exercises, a better performance was observed in the tests: Timed Up and Go (p = 0.004), Unipodal Station (p = 0.023 right leg, p = 0.005 left leg), Sitting and Getting up (p = 0.014), 6-Minute Walk (p = 0.006) and in the SF-36 Questionnaire: body pain (p = 0.003), mental health (p = 0.000) and total score (p = 0.002). Conclusions: a nine-week multicomponent exercise program was able to reduce the risk of falls, improve balance, muscle strength, functional capacity and quality of life in older people living in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foundation: chronic renal failure has a negative impact in the quality of life and constitutes a morbidity predictor in patients with periodic hemodialysis.Objective: to evaluate the influence of quality of life related to health in the morbidity of patients in intermittent periodic hemodialysis.Methods: a descriptive study was done in patients with three or more time of intermittent periodic hemodialysis at the Nephrology service of the Military Hospital Dr. Carlos J. Finlay. Havana, in a 12 month follow up period. The variables analyzed were: age, sex, time with the substituting renal function treatment, morbidity rate, type of morbidity in hemodialysis and hospital admission rate. A questionnaire for quality of life in patients with renal disease (version 1.3) was applied.Results: patients under 60 years old predominated, of high schooling level, with blood hypertension mainly due to renal failure. The most frequent morbidities were: chills, arterial Hypotension, and complications related to vascular access. The admission rate was low. The summary physical component had the lower punctuation followed by the summary mental component. Among these and age there was found an inversely proportional correlation, so as the morbidity rate and the summary physical component.Conclusion: the results obtained are related to preceding studies. The physical component summary results with higher involvement, mainly in the older adult, considering the negative relation with the morbidity rate and hospital admission.

Background: Rehabilitation with dental prostheses is a solution that the vast majority of older adults use when faced with tooth loss, and its implications in the aesthetic, functional and psychological order. Objective: to evaluate the impact of prosthetic rehabilitation on the life quality related to oral health in older adults. Methods: descriptive study, carried out from January 2017 to December 2019, with patients who attended the prosthesis consultation at the Faculty of Stomatology (N =100), to receive prosthetic rehabilitation treatment. The Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire was applied, and variables such as age, sex and the main reason for consultation were explored. Statistical significance tests were applied when comparing and correlating the study variables. Results: in the elderly rehabilitated with total prostheses, the female sex represented the 60% and the 77% requested attention due to aesthetic and functional concerns. Functional limitation, pain and physical disability were the most frequent problems. In terms of impact, 88 patients classified as "no impact", which meant that prosthetic rehabilitation had a positive influence on perceived life quality. Conclusion: In most cases, prosthetic rehabilitation had a positive impact on the life quality related to oral health. Disability was not referring in any case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foundation: sleep is recognized as an indicator of quality of life and, in a student´s daily life, it acquires great importance for its relationship with cognitive functioning and academic activities. Objective: to identify and evaluate factors associated with quality of sleep presented by the Chilean students of the Obstetric training program, according to years studied. Methods: cross-sectional and analytical study conducted in the 2018 school year in a Chilean university, which included all the students of Obstetrics, who answered a questionnaire that evaluated sociodemographic background, academic profile, previous sleep habits and sleep quality, assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) survey. Results: the behavior around the sleep habits differs significantly among courses, in the 1st and 4th year there are those who sleep less and the students of this last course are classified as the worst sleepers. The average of the PSQI components varies between 6, 6 (5th year) and 9.2 (4th year); daytime dysfunction component showed the most extreme values. Conclusions: there is a weak association between sleeping quality and sociodemographic variables, academic profile and previous sleep habits. It is only strongly associated with some components of the sleep quality survey, such as bedtime and student sleeping hours. The training program progression does not mean an increase or decrease in bad or good sleepers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foundation: Total older toothless adult patients with large bone atrophies; have affected chewing, phonation, swallowing, psyche and therefore their quality of life. For them there is an alternative treatment, oral implantology. Objective: to describe the results on the quality of life of elderly patients of the total implant-supported prosthesis treatment with immediate load. Methods: descriptive cross-sectional research conducted in the implantology office of the Havana Faculty of Dentistry, on 41 patients who, after two months of rehabilitation with implant-supported total prosthesis with immediate loading, the quality of life questionnaire was applied related to oral health (OHIP-14). It was considered as no impact or negative impact when there was no improvement and positive impact or impact when there was improvement of the quality of life. Results: the dimensions with the greatest negative impact were: physical pain (48.8%), physical disability (51.2%), psychological distress (73.2%) and positive impact were: functional limitation, social, psychological disability and the disability, with 95.1%; 92.7% and 100% respectively. Conclusions: the implant-supported total dental prosthesis treatment improves the quality of life of elderly patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El envejecimiento de la población cubana es una de las implicaciones demográficas y sociales más importantes derivadas del descenso de la fecundidad, la mortalidad y el aumento de la esperanza de vida; las consecuencias que dicho fenómeno expone ante la sociedad actual y sus sistemas lo hacen tributario de grandes y complejas decisiones gubernamentales y estatales, esto adquiere mayor relevancia para el sector salud. Prepararse para afrontar el envejecimiento y tener una sociedad más amigable con las personas de edad es una prioridad para el sistema municipal de salud de Cienfuegos. La intersectorialidad constituye una vía esencial para mejorar la calidad de vida de la población de 60 años y más. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de mostrar cómo la acción intersectorial, rectorada por el sector salud, puede contribuir a transformar la situación de salud, de bienestar y calidad de vida del adulto mayor.

Foundation: chronic renal failure has a negative impact in the quality of life and constitutes a morbidity predictor in patients with periodic hemodialysis. Objective: to evaluate the influence of quality of life related to health in the morbidity of patients in intermittent periodic hemodialysis. Methods: a descriptive study was done in patients with three or more time of intermittent periodic hemodialysis at the Nephrology service of the Military Hospital Dr. Carlos J. Finlay. Havana, in a 12 month follow up period. The variables analyzed were: age, sex, time with the substituting renal function treatment, morbidity rate, type of morbidity in hemodialysis and hospital admission rate. A questionnaire for quality of life in patients with renal disease (version 1.3) was applied. Results: patients under 60 years old predominated, of high schooling level, with blood hypertension mainly due to renal failure. The most frequent morbidities were: chills, arterial Hypotension, and complications related to vascular access. The admission rate was low. The summary physical component had the lower punctuation followed by the summary mental component. Among these and age there was found an inversely proportional correlation, so as the morbidity rate and the summary physical component. Conclusion: the results obtained are related to preceding studies. The physical component summary results with higher involvement, mainly in the older adult, considering the negative relation with the morbidity rate and hospital admission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fundamento: Las enfermedades cerebrovasculares son causa de afectación de la calidad de vida; los factores asociados a una mayor afectación de la calidad de vida varían entre un estudio y otro. Objetivo: describir los factores que afectan la calidad de vida en supervivientes a un ictus al año de seguimiento.Métodos: estudio descriptivo longitudinal, de una cohorte de 110 sobrevivientes a un ictus, con seguimiento por consulta externa durante un año luego de la evaluación inicial. La calidad de vida se evaluó mediante la Escala de Calidad de Vida para el Ictus. Resultados: predominaron las mujeres con el 52,3 %. El grado de afectación neurológica estuvo entre moderado y grave en más de dos tercios de los pacientes y al año del seguimiento mejoró (entre ligero y moderado), con puntuación media de 3,5±3,8. Más de un tercio presentó alta carga de síntomas depresivos, para una puntuación media de 7,8±3,6, que aumentó a un 56 % al año. Los factores asociados a la afectación de la calidad de vida, fueron: peor estado neurológico (OR: 2,63, IC: 1,48;2,82), presencia de síntomas depresivos mayores (OR: 1,94, IC: 1,17;1,89) y mayor edad (OR: 1,14, IC: 1,04;1,25).Conclusión: la calidad de vida estuvo determinada por el grado de afectación neurológica, el estado cognitivo, mayor edad y la presencia de síntomas depresivos. Los únicos factores asociados a la calidad de vida que sufrieron modificación al año del seguimiento, fueron la afectación neurológica y la presencia de síntomas depresivos.

Fundamento: La necesidad de prever y estudiar el padecimiento de pie diabético es una cuestión primordial y representa un gran reto médico, disminuir el padecimiento de pie diabético puede traducirse en resultados positivos para mejorar la calidad de vida de estos pacientes, además de la incidencia en el aspecto socioeconómico, debido a la alta prevalencia de la diabetes en la población laboralmente activa.Objetivo: diseñar un modelo estadístico predictivo para el padecimiento de pie diabético en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo II.Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, con pacientes atendidos en la Clínica del Diabético de Cienfuegos, en el período 2010-2013. Como varibles, se analizaron los factores de riesgo que influyeron de forma significativa en el padecimiento de pie diabético. Para la elaboración del modelo se emplearon técnicas multivariadas de regresión logística binaria y árboles de decisión con algoritmo de detector automático de interacciones mediante Chi-cuadrado.Resultados: se obtuvieron dos modelos que se comportaron de forma similar a partir de los criterios de comparación considerados con este propósito: porcentaje de clasificación correcta, sensibilidad y especificidad. Se estableció la validación a través de la curva característica de funcionamiento del receptor. El modelo con algoritmo de detector automático de interacciones mediante Chi-cuadrado fue el de mejores resultados predictivos.Conclusión: el uso de los árboles de decisión a través del algoritmo de detector automático de interacciones mediante Chi-cuadrado, garantiza una capacidad predictiva adecuada, factible para ser aplicada en la Clínica del Diabético del municipio de Cienfuegos, provincia Cienfuegos.

Background: in end-stage chronic renal failure, treatments like hemodialysis induce substantial changes in lifestyle. Such therapies aim to achieve functional improvement by reducing symptoms and/or slowing disease progression. Objective: to evaluate the health-related quality of life in patients undergoing regular hemodialysis. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted in chronic renal failure patients undergoing regular hemodialysis in the hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis service of the Dr. Carlos J. Finlay Military Hospital from January through February 2013. The Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form version 1.3 was used to evaluate the health-related quality of life. Results: generic dimensions with lower scores were the physical role, general health perception and emotional role. The specific dimensions with lower scores were the burden of kidney disease, employment status and sexual function while dimensions with higher scores were specific: relationship with the dialysis staff (85.62 points), cognitive function (84.33 points) and quality of social relationship (82.88 points). Conclusion: As in other countries, the KDQOL-SF enables the evaluation of health-related quality of life in regular hemodialysis patients in Cuba, since it allows effectively identifying the dimensions and areas most affected.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most frequent endocrine and metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age. Its characteristic signs and symptoms are menstrual irregularities, amenorrhea, acne, hirsutism, obesity and infertility. Polycystic ovary syndrome has major effects on long-term health, which can lead to psychological morbidity and decreased quality of life. This paper reviews the current literature on polycystic ovary syndrome and health-related quality of life; in addition, it assesses how some clinical manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome affect the quality of life of women who suffer this disorder.

The fact of improving the quality of life of patients with incurable diseases and prolonging life in extremely serious cases has been related to the problem of defining when it is not ethically correct to prolong the agony. Almost all the medical literature addressing this issue refers to the patient and family’s right to limit a futile therapy and its usefulness to avoid the unnecessary suffering of the patient. However, there is little information on how to act when the ralatives of the terminally ill child insist on continuing futile treatments that will only cause pain and increased suffering, without mentioning the unnecessary expenditure of resources, which puts the physician in a difficult position. This paper presents the criteria derived from the experience in the pediatric intensive care unit, especially those related to the interpretation of the concepts used in this context.

El hecho de mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes con enfermedades incurables, así como prolongar la vida en situaciones clínicas de gravedad extrema, se ha visto aparejado al problema de delimitar cuándo no es éticamente correcto prolongar más una agonía. Casi toda la literatura médica que trata este tema, se refiere al derecho del paciente y de la familia de limitar un esfuerzo terapéutico fútil y de lo acertado de esto para evitar el sufrimiento innecesario del enfermo; sin embargo, existe poca información acerca de cómo actuar ante situaciones en que los familiares de un niño en estadio terminal, insisten en continuar con tratamientos que no tendrán resultados y que solo provocarán dolor e incremento del sufrimiento, sin contar el gasto innecesario de recursos, lo cual pone al médico en una situación difícil. En este trabajo se exponen criterios derivados de la experiencia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos, sobre todo, relacionados con la interpretación de los conceptos que se manejan en este contexto.

Aging of the Cuban population is one of the most important social and demographic implications arising from the decrease of fertility, mortality and the increase of life expectancy; the consequences of such a phenomenon in the current society make its systems responsible of great and complex governmental and state decisions. This acquires major relevance for the health sector. Preparing to face aging and having a society more friendly with elder people is a priority for the Municipal Health System in Cienfuegos. Intersectoriality constitutes an essential way to improve the quality of life of the 60 year old population and older. A bibliographic review was done aimed at showing how intersectorial action may contribute to transform health situation, wellbeing and life quality of the elder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An explanatory research was conducted in order to analyze the results of adopting the integration of science as a working instrument for managing the quality of life in the municipality of Cumanayagua, in the province of Cienfuegos. The methodological procedures included the Delphi method, the implementation of indicators derived from the Branch Program of the Ministry of Higher Education to assess university management of knowledge and innovation, as well as the correlation among variables, together with the documentary review of the locality. Multivariate statistical methods were conducted for analyzing the data. Thus, we could assess the importance of the local development management through the performance of the sectors or areas resulting from this analysis, which were correlated with the concrete expression of the management of projects aimed at achieving a better quality of life. Consequently, it could be confirmed that the integration of science, technology, innovation and environment management urged by the local system of innovation facilitates the management of quality of life and, in turn, the local govern performance.

La investigación desarrollada, de tipo explicativa, tiene como objetivo analizar los resultados de asumir la integración de la ciencia como mecanismo de trabajo en la gestión de la calidad de vida en el municipio de Cumanayagua de la provincia de Cienfuegos. Como procedimiento metodológico se utilizó el método de expertos Delphi, la aplicación de los indicadores derivados del Programa Ramal del Ministerio de Educación Superior para evaluar la gestión universitaria del conocimiento y la innovación, así como la correlación de variables, unido a la revisión documental de la localidad. Para el análisis de la información se aplicaron métodos de la estadística multivariada, lo que permitió valorar la significación de la gestión local del desarrollo mediante el comportamiento de los sectores o campos resultantes de dicho análisis, los cuales se correlacionaron con la expresión concreta de la gestión de proyectos dirigidos a una mejor calidad de vida, todo lo cual posibilitó corroborar que la integración de la gestión de las dimensiones ciencia, tecnología, innovación y medioambiente impulsada por el sistema de innovación local, facilita a su vez, la gestión de la calidad de vida y con ello el desempeño del gobierno local.

Background: the opacity of the posterior lens capsule after cataract surgery has decreased in recent years but its incidence remains high.Objective: To assess the impact of the opacification of the posterior lens capsule and its treatment with laser capsulotomy on visual function and life quality of patients after cataract surgery. Methods: A case series study of elderly patients with diagnose of opacity in the posterior lens capsule after cataract surgery who were treated with laser capsulotomy from January 2010 to January 2011 in the General University Hospital of Cienfuegos was conducted. A survey and a battery of assessment tools to measure functional status were applied as well as the VF-14 test for the assessment of life quality. Results: We observed an improvement in the average value of the visual acuity (0, 326 by 0, 726 practiced capsulotomy to later), with an average range of efficiency improvement of a binocular visual 6.96%, likewise improved functional visual capacity from 57, 728 to 96, 223; exploration by VF-14 showed a higher life quality. The degree of overall validism was recovered in 86, 56 % of patients and only one patient was totally dependent for the realization of daily life activities. Conclusions: Patients who underwent laser capsulotomy showed evidence of improvement in visual acuity, functionality and life quality.

Fundamento: la opacidad de cápsula posterior del cristalino después de cirugía de catarata ha disminuido en los últimos años, pero su incidencia sigue siendo elevada.Objetivo: evaluar la repercusión de la opacidad de cápsula posterior del cristalino y su tratamiento con capsulotomía láser en la función visual y calidad de vida de pacientes longevos operados de catarata. Métodos: estudio de serie de casos sobre los pacientes longevos con diagnóstico de opacidad de cápsula posterior del cristalino, después de cirugía de catarata, atendidos entre enero del 2010 y enero del 2011 en el Hospital General Universitario de Cienfuegos, que fueron tratados con capsulotomía láser. Se aplicó una batería de instrumentos de evaluación para medir el estado funcional y el test VF-14 para valoración de función visual. Resultados: se observó mejoría en el valor medio de la agudeza visual (0,326 antes de practicada la capsulotomía a 0,726 después), con un rango promedio de mejora en la eficiencia visual binocular de un 6,96 %, así mismo mejoró la capacidad visual funcional desde un 57,728 a un 96,223; la exploración mediante el VF-14 mostró una calidad de vida superior; el grado de validismo total se recuperó en el 86,56 % de los pacientes, solo un paciente quedó totalmente dependiente para la realización de sus actividades de la vida diaria. Conclusiones: los pacientes a los que se les practicó capsulotomía láser mostraron evidencias de mejoría en la agudeza visual, funcionabilidad y calidad de vida.

Background: cataract surgery becomes highly valuable in our days because it acts on one of the leading causes of preventable blindness. Objective: To assess the impact of cataract surgery on the functionality and life quality of the elderly. Methods: case series study of all elderly patients who attended Ophthalmology Consultation at the Integral Diagnostic Center Mesones in Bolivar, Anzoategui State, Venezuela, from February to November 2007 for cataract surgery and who met the inclusion criteria. A survey and a set of assessment tools were applied in order to measure: functional status, siymptoms score and visual VF-14 function index which provided an assessment of life quality in two stages: in the preoperative stage and three months after surgery, thus allowing restoration of the various functions after surgery. Results: There was a significant improvement in visual acuity represented by a visual recovery of a 92%; according VF-14 index of visual function, life quality improved in a 92 %; general validism was recovered in 482 patients and 57 of them are considered to depend on other people for only one activity of their daily living, 6.1% of patients still present symptoms related to symptom score. Conclusions: patients who underwent cataract surgery showed evidence of improvement in visual acuity, functionality and life quality.

The concept of life quality is controversial and ambiguous; for many health professionals it is an issue that posses difficulties when being discussed because it deals with qualitative scales. Its measurement depends on several variables that must be referred and provided by the patient. The achievements of social policies applied in Cuba, allow guaranteeing the accomplishment with all the life quality rights recognized in the legal instruments of United Nations. The specialized consultation for family planning and reproductive risk in the Area III Polyclinic of Cienfuegos provided an opportunity to develop the assessment of life quality in women whose records accounted for preconception risk. A one year study was conducted. The performances of different scales of life quality in the patients studied were compared at the point of admission in the specialized services and one year after the intervention. This research showed that the overall life quality rate in patients who integrated the universe of the study during the first consultation was inferior to the one perceived a year after the intervention in the multidisciplinary consultation.

This article presents a manual that addresses old age focusing in propositions mainly related to aspects that contribute to develop traits reinforcing and enriching spiritual and emotional life of individuals. Such aspects include cohabitation and communication skills, improved self-perception of physical characteristics, self-esteem and motivation, among other issues that are actually involved in the balance between health and sickness. Themes that have been identified by elderlies as part of their health problems are also included. In addition, the actions and solutions proposed for these problems are taken into account. The aim is to open up new horizons of growth and development in order to improve elderlies’ capacities to address the acceptation and adaptation issues they need to go through.

Se presenta un manual que aborda el tema de la ancianidad haciendo énfasis en orientaciones relacionadas fundamentalmente con aspectos que contribuyan al desarrollo de aquellas aristas del sujeto que enriquecen su espiritualidad y vida emocional, tales como habilidades comunicativas y de convivencia, mejoramiento de la imagen de sí mismo, autoestima y motivaciones, entre otros aspectos que de hecho intervienen en el equilibrio del proceso salud enfermedad. Incluye temáticas identificadas por los propios adultos mayores como constitutivas de sus problemas de salud, pero teniendo también en cuenta las acciones y soluciones propuestas ante dichas problemáticas, con el objetivo de abrir horizontes de crecimiento y desarrollo que permitan mejorar la capacidad de los adultos mayores para enfrentar los problemas de aceptar y adaptarse a lo que les toca vivir.

Clinical and epidemiological behaviour of bronchial asthma in elderlies is almost an unknown topic in the investigations carried out in the field, because studies conducted in adult population approach a single age group from 15 years old on. Bronchial asthma is considered a health problem given its high prevalence: about 10% of the Cuban population suffers from it. In elderlies it is an underdiagnosed and undertreated disease often confused with chronic lung disease, so it is very important to able to evaluate the specific characteristics it presents in elderlies in order to attack the disease effectively, and promote the life quality of asthmatic elderlies.

Background: education on diabetes is one of the key objectives of general care for people with diabetes mellitus and should be effectively implemented in order to provide patients with more information about their disease. Objective: to determine how much patients with type 2 diabetes know about the disease. Methods: descriptive study of a case series conducted between January and June 2008. The universe consisted on 120 patients from the "Area V" Polyclinic of Cienfuegos who were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, type 2. In order to determine how much patients know about the disease a pre-test designed by the working group of the Center for Diabetes Care and Education was applied to all patients admitted in the institution. Results: females predominated over males. The largest number of patients was between 5 and 10 years and more than 10 years of disease progression (40% in both groups). In the first group 21, 7% of patients have an inadequate knowledge standard on the disease and in the second one, the same situation occurs in 25% of them. Hypertension and ischemic heart disease were the chronic diseases associated with more patients and polyneuropathy and neuropathy were the most common chronic complications. Conclusions: patients with diabetes need a steady educational work to acquire more knowledge on their disease and to live better with it.

Background: Cataract surgery is widely accepted nowadays since it helps improving vision and life quality. Objective: To assess the visual outcome, life quality and advantages of microsurgery in one of the most common visual diseases. Methods: A prospective, descriptive, study including variables as age, gender, general and visual personal pathological history of all the patients who attended to the provisional consultation of the General Hospital “Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima” in Cienfuegos between January, 1st 2008 and March 31st, 2008. 285 patients of 60 years and more were studied using questionnaires and a complete ophthalmological study. Results: Two months after the surgery it was proved that visual sharpness improved significantly reaching 0,5 and more in almost all the patients (97,2 %); 96,8% changes their life quality after the surgery. Satisfaction degree was 96.9 % and 96.8 %. Conclusions: We recommend this surgery since the operated patients present evidences of improvement in visual functioning and sharpness and life quality compared with their conditions before the surgery.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a significant health problem worldwide, since it is one of the most frequent non-transmissible diseases as for the variety and intensity of complications associated with it. Objective: To assess some physical, psychic and social aspects related with life quality of these patients. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was developed in the in the Centre for Care and Education of Diabetic Patients, between 2006 and 2007. The universe was formed by 148 diabetic patients (type II) that received ambulatory assistance in that institution. Variables: age, sex, years suffering from that disease, associated diseases and nutritional assessment according to the body mass index. Results: There was grater incidence of females, most of the patients were between 40 and 59 years; it was significant the association of diabetes with hypertension, mainly in overweight patients. Life quality was poorer with more years of diseases evolution, the obese patients and those with peripheral vascular disease. Conclusion: Even when life quality of diabetic patients is not generally deteriorated, there is a negative disposition towards the disease.

Background: Surgery is the unique possibility of cure of survival with life quality for patients with tumor or mediastinal mass. Objective: To describe the results of surgical procedures in patients with mediastinal tumor. Methods: Descriptive, retrospective study of 29 patients operated after being diagnosed with mediastinal tumor in a period of 17 years (1986-2002). Studied variables were: tumor´s locus in the mediastinum, tumor nature, histological diagnosis and strategies regarding surgical approach. Findings: There was a prevalence of benign tumors (81,8%) and the most frequent locus was anterior mediastinum. Conclusions: These findings agree with previous studies, mainly regarding tumors´ locus and nature.

Background: Quality of life related to health is a reliable and necessary indicator for the analysis of the sanitary state in a community. It is also a data source to define strategies in health actions in a population. Objective: To describe the aspects related to quality of life in two- year survivors from cerebrovascular disease. Method: A retrospective and prospective, descriptive study of a serie of cases with quality of life assessment related to patient’s health two years after being discharged from hospital due to ictus. A simple random sampling was performed and applied to survivors. Quality of life scale for ECVI–38 ictus was used determining the most affected cerebral dominance by means of statistic techniques. Results: the quality of life assessment in ictus showed a general mean of 46.5. The spheres identified as more engaged were the feelings and the emotional one. Illness in several of the cerebral dominance was confirmed in the majority of survivors although the obtained measurements were not high. The level of recovering at two years of the beginning of the disease was little or none in 31 ill patients. Conclusions: Alterations in quality of life related to health are sequelae which in more or lesser degree suffer from the majority of the survivors to a neuroictus. These can be determined applying ECVI-38. It is necessary to take measures to minimize the deleterious effects and fulfill the objectives for survivors have a satisfactory quality of life.

Foundation: Cerebrovascular diseases impact on quality of life. Factors associated to a greater impairment vary from one study to another. Objective: To describe the factors that affect Quality of life in stroke survivors at one year. Methods: It is a longitudinal descriptive study of a cohort of 110 stroke survivors with outpatient follow-up for one year after the initial evaluation. Quality of life was assessed using the Quality of Life Scale for Stroke. Results: Women predominated with 52.3%. The degree of neurological involvement was moderate to severe in more than two thirds of patients and at a year follow up, it improved (slight to moderate), with average score of 3.5 ± 3.8. More than one third presented high burden of depressive symptoms for an average score of 7.8 ± 3.6, which increased to 56% per year. Factors associated with the impairment of quality of life were: worse neurological status (OR: 2.63, CI: 1.48, 2.82), major depressive symptoms (OR: 1.94, CI: 1 17; 1.89) and older (OR: 1.14, CI: 1.04, 1.25). Conclusion: Quality of life was determined by the degree of neurological impairment, cognitive status, older age and the presence of depressive symptoms. The only factors associated with quality of life which were modified at a year of follow-up were the neurological involvement and the presence of depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: the need to predict and study diabetic foot problems is a critical issue and represents a major medical challenge. The reduction of its incidence can lead to positive results for improving the quality of life of patients and the impact on the socio-economic sphere, due to the high prevalence of diabetes in the working population. Objective: to design a statistical model for prediction of diabetic foot disease in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: a descriptive study was conducted in patients attending the Diabetes Clinic in Cienfuegos from 2010 to 2013. Significant risk factors for diabetic foot disease were analyzed as variables. To design the model, binary logistic regression analysis and Chi-squared automatic interaction detection decision tree were used. Results: two models that behaved similarly based on the comparison criteria considered (percentage of correct classification, sensitivity and specificity) were developed. Validation was established through the receiver operating characteristic curve. The model using Chi-squared automatic interaction detection showed the best predictive results. Conclusions: Chi-squared automatic interaction detection decision trees have an adequate predictive capacity, which can be used in the Diabetes Clinic of Cienfuegos municipality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fundament: In present days it is known that sanitary assistance should not only be focused on patient’s survival (life quantity), but also in the life quality. Objective: to evaluate health-related life quality in children with asthma and their caretakers through 4 measurement devices. Methods: Analytic-prospective-descriptive study to evaluate life quality of children and their caretakers. There was a universe of 72 asthmatic children from the number 32, 37, and 49 clinics of Palmira. For life quality estimation three questionnaires were used. We calculated the standard deviation and measure of the variables. The variations in measurement were evaluated through minimum change difference. Three measurements were realized in one month interval. Results: The 61.8% of patients evaluated with the American college quality test had bad life quality. The evaluation of life quality using the questionnaire of the Mc Master the Juniper University threw a moderate life quality, being the emotive sphere the most affected. The evaluation of life quality in caretakers showed a deterioration.

Background: in end-stage chronic renal failure, treatments like hemodialysis induce substantial changes in lifestyle. Such therapies aim to achieve functional improvement by reducing symptoms and/or slowing disease progression. Objective: to evaluate the health-related quality of life in patients undergoing regular hemodialysis. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted in chronic renal failure patients undergoing regular hemodialysis in the hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis service of the Dr. Carlos J. Finlay Military Hospital from January through February 2013. The Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form version 1.3 was used to evaluate the health-related quality of life. Results: generic dimensions with lower scores were the physical role, general health perception and emotional role. The specific dimensions with lower scores were the burden of kidney disease, employment status and sexual function while dimensions with higher scores were specific: relationship with the dialysis staff (85.62 points), cognitive function (84.33 points) and quality of social relationship (82.88 points). Conclusion: As in other countries, the KDQOL-SF enables the evaluation of health-related quality of life in regular hemodialysis patients in Cuba, since it allows effectively identifying the dimensions and areas most affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]