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Adam Simmons' book, "Nubia, Ethiopia, and the Crusading World, 1095–1402," explores the relationship between Nubia, Ethiopia, and the Crusader states during the medieval period. Simmons argues that earlier scholars have overlooked the ties between Nubia and the Crusader states, and he uses a wide range of sources, including Arabic, Hebrew, Coptic, Syriac, and Gəʿəz, to reconstruct this history. The book also examines the development of the concept of "Ethiopia" and its association with Nubia. While the book has some flaws in terms of writing style and philological accuracy, it is a valuable contribution to the study of medieval Nubian history and European-African contact. [Extracted from the article]