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Patterns of finds of continental coinage appear to vary considerably, related to fluctuations in trading relationships and economics, with finds of Venetian coinage and the Low Countries most common.[39] A mid-12th-century I petit denier i struck at Ypres (Belgium) from Temple Bruer with Temple High Grange (Lincolnshire; LIN-6D2321; Fig 2j) is of an earlier date than the main Low Countries incursions (mid-late 13th century) and the first PAS-recorded example from outside southern England. Evidence from graves shows that such copies were often pierced for suspension, playing the same role in burials as official coins - eg as pendants at Lechlade (Gloucestershire) and Ipswich (Suffolk), and unmodified at Carisbrooke Castle (Isle of Wight), where it was placed in the mouth of the deceased.[9] Other plated imitations with piercings have been recorded by the PAS.[10] PHOTO (COLOR): Fig 1 Early medieval coins. Two pennies of Offa of Mercia (757-96), non-portrait types belonging to the "Light Coinage" (c 784-92), extend the distribution of Mercian coinage into SW England with finds from Tarrant Hinton (Dorset; DOR-A6A573; Fig 1f) - the first from Dorset - and Chitterne (Wiltshire; SUR-7F7364; Fig 1g). I General Editor: i NEIL CHRISTIE I Portable Antiquities Scheme Report edited by: i JOHN NAYLOR[1] I Medieval Britain and Ireland compiled and edited by: i TIZIANA VITALI I and i PATRICK GLEESON I with i TOMÁS Ó CARRAGÁIN This section of the journal comprises two core sets of reports linked to work in 2021: finds and analyses relating to the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) and related research reports; and site-specific discoveries and reports in medieval Britain and Ireland (MB&I), with a selection of highlighted projects. [Extracted from the article]

Causeway Construction Three distinct phases of causeway construction were identified (see Figs. This section comprises a selection of highlighted projects or discoveries made across Britain and Ireland in 2021, with illustrated overviews of results, finds and contexts. On the balance of the evidence, this building formed the gatehouse opening into the inner precinct of the abbey that contained the conventual buildings and the graveyard. Salvage recording assigned a 13th- to 15th-century occupation date to the remains of a manor house, several isolated rectangular buildings of unknown function, and an extensive limestone-cobbled yard.[5] Manor Excavations The causeway, revealed by open-area excavation in 2021,[6] was probably related to the 13th- to 14th-century manor (Fig 1). [Extracted from the article]

"Communal Solitude: The Carthusian Lay Brethren in Great Britain and Ireland, 1178–1569" by Francesca Breeden is a book that explores the history of the Carthusian lay brethren in England, Ireland, and Scotland. The book focuses on the vocational commitment of these men and their unique religious class within the Carthusian order. However, the book falls short of delivering a comprehensive analysis of the lay brothers, with only a few pages dedicated to their topic. Despite this, the book provides a valuable compendium of information about the English Carthusians, particularly the London and Mount Grace charterhouses. The bibliography is extensive, although it is not updated from the author's original PhD thesis. Overall, the book may not offer much new information, but it can be a useful resource for researchers interested in the Carthusian order. [Extracted from the article]