15 results on '"Roth, Stephen M."'
Search Results
2. Advances in exercise, fitness, and performance genomics
- Author
-
Rankinen, Tuomo, Roth, Stephen M., Bray, Molly S., Loos, Ruth, Perusse, Louis, Wolfarth, Bernd, Hagberg, James M., and Bouchard, Claude
- Subjects
Hemodynamics -- Health aspects ,Exercise -- Health aspects ,Genotype -- Research ,Mitochondrial DNA -- Research ,Health ,Sports and fitness - Abstract
The most significant articles in exercise, fitness, and performance genomics and a brief overview of the first genome-wide association study of the genetic differences between exercisers and nonexercisers are reported. The findings recommended an urgent need to prioritize high-quality research designs and replication studies with large sample sizes.
- Published
- 2010
3. The human gene map for performance and health-related fitness phenotypes: the 2006-2007 update
- Author
-
Bray, Molly S., Hagbreg, james M., Perusse, Louis, Rankinen, Tuomo, and Roth, Stephen M.
- Subjects
Physical fitness -- Genetic aspects ,Phenotype -- Research ,Chromosome mapping ,Health ,Sports and fitness - Abstract
An update of gene mapping of phenotypes that are related with physical performance and fitness in 2006-2007 is presented. Eighteen mitochondrial genes are found to have effect on performance and fitness phenotypes. The growing complexity of the gene map is also examined.
- Published
- 2009
4. Relationship between physical activity level, telomere length, and telomerase activity
- Author
-
Ludlow, Andrew T., Zimmerman, Jo B., Witkowski, Sarah, Hearn, Joe W., Hatfield, Bradley D., and Roth, Stephen M.
- Subjects
Telomeres -- Research ,Blood cells -- Measurement ,Exercise -- Health aspects ,Health ,Sports and fitness - Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the association between exercise energy expenditure (EEE) with telomere length and telomerase activity when measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Results revealed that moderate activity could have a protective effect on PBMC telomere length rather that high or low EEE levels.
- Published
- 2008
5. ACE genotype and the muscle hypertrophic and strength responses to strength training
- Author
-
Charbonneau, David E., Hanson, Erik D., Ludlow, Andrew T., Delmonico, Matthew J., Hurley, Ben F., and Roth, Stephen M.
- Subjects
Strengthening exercises -- Physiological aspects ,Angiotensin converting enzyme -- Physiological aspects ,Aged -- Physiological aspects ,Health ,Sports and fitness - Abstract
A study examines the relationship of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genotype with the muscle hypertrophic and strength responses to strength training (ST) in older adults. Findings indicate that ACE genotype is associated with baseline differences in muscle volume, but not with muscle hypertrophic response to ST among older adults.
- Published
- 2008
6. The human gene map for performance and health-related fitness phenotypes: The 2004 update
- Author
-
Wolfarth, Bernd, Hagberg, James M., Bray, Molly S., Rauramaa, Rainer, Perusse, Louis, Roth, Stephen M., Rivera, Miguel A., Rankinen, Tuomo, and Bouchard, Claude
- Subjects
Chromosome mapping -- Research ,Human genome ,Genetic research ,Health ,Sports and fitness - Abstract
A subset of the 2004 update of the human gene map project focueses on physical performance and health-related fitness phenotypes. Information on peer-reviewed papers on this topic published in 2004 is presented. The genes and markers for sedentary people, people beginning sports training and very seasoned athletes are discusses. These genes and markers are positioned on the genetic map of all autosomes and the X chromosome.
- Published
- 2005
7. The ACE ID genotype and muscle strength and size response to unilateral resistance training
- Author
-
Roth, Stephen M.
- Subjects
Angiotensin converting enzyme -- Health aspects ,Muscle strength -- Health aspects ,Allelomorphism -- Research ,Health ,Sports and fitness - Abstract
The association of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion ( I/D) polymorphism is examined with the response of the elbow flexors to resistance training. The results indicate that the response of muscle to resistance training is not highly related to the ACE I/D polymorphism, whereas the contralateral effects of unilateral training are associated with the presence of D-allele.
- Published
- 2006
8. Systems Exercise Genetics Research Design Standards.
- Author
-
Lightfoot JT, Roth SM, and Hubal MJ
- Subjects
- Athletic Performance physiology, Data Analysis, Genome-Wide Association Study standards, Genotype, Humans, Muscle Strength genetics, Phenotype, Physical Conditioning, Human, Physical Endurance genetics, Quality Control, Reproducibility of Results, Research Design standards, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sample Size, Sports physiology, Exercise, Physiological Phenomena genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Publishing standards, Research standards
- Abstract
It is clear, based on a deep scientific literature base, that genetic and genomic factors play significant roles in determining a wide range of sport and exercise characteristics including exercise endurance capacity, strength, daily physical activity levels, and trainability of both endurance and strength. Although the research field of exercise systems genetics has rapidly expanded over the past two decades, many researchers publishing in this field are not extensively trained in molecular biology or genomics techniques, sometimes creating gaps in generating high-quality and cutting-edge research for publication. As current or former Associate Editors for Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise that have handled the majority of exercise genetics articles for Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise in the past 15 yr, we have observed a large number of scientific manuscripts submitted for publication review that have exhibited significant flaws preventing their publication; flaws that often directly stem from a lack of knowledge regarding the "state-of-the-art" methods and accepted literature base that is rapidly changing as the field evolves. The purpose of this commentary is to provide researchers-especially those coming from a nongenetics background attempting to publish in the exercise system genetics area-with recommendations regarding best-practice research standards and data analysis in the field of exercise systems genetics, to strengthen the overall literature in this important and evolving field of research., (Copyright © 2021 by the American College of Sports Medicine.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Advances in Exercise, Fitness, and Performance Genomics in 2015.
- Author
-
Sarzynski MA, Loos RJ, Lucia A, Pérusse L, Roth SM, Wolfarth B, Rankinen T, and Bouchard C
- Subjects
- Adiposity, Blood Glucose metabolism, Body Weight, Cardiorespiratory Fitness physiology, Health Behavior physiology, Hemodynamics physiology, Humans, Insulin blood, Lipid Metabolism, Muscle Strength physiology, Physical Endurance physiology, Exercise physiology, Genomics, Physical Fitness physiology
- Abstract
This review of the exercise genomics literature encompasses the highest-quality articles published in 2015 across seven broad topics: physical activity behavior, muscular strength and power, cardiorespiratory fitness and endurance performance, body weight and adiposity, insulin and glucose metabolism, lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, and hemodynamic traits. One study used a quantitative trait locus for wheel running in mice to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in humans associated with physical activity levels. Two studies examined the association of candidate gene ACTN3 R577X genotype on muscular performance. Several studies examined gene-physical activity interactions on cardiometabolic traits. One study showed that physical inactivity exacerbated the body mass index (BMI)-increasing effect of an FTO SNP but only in individuals of European ancestry, whereas another showed that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) SNPs from genome-wide association studies exerted a smaller effect in active individuals. Increased levels of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity were associated with higher Matsuda insulin sensitivity index in PPARG Ala12 carriers but not Pro12 homozygotes. One study combined genome-wide and transcriptome-wide profiling to identify genes and SNPs associated with the response of triglycerides (TG) to exercise training. The genome-wide association study results showed that four SNPs accounted for all of the heritability of △TG, whereas the baseline expression of 11 genes predicted 27% of △TG. A composite SNP score based on the top eight SNPs derived from the genomic and transcriptomic analyses was the strongest predictor of ΔTG, explaining 14% of the variance. The review concludes with a discussion of a conceptual framework defining some of the critical conditions for exercise genomics studies and highlights the importance of the recently launched National Institutes of Health Common Fund program titled "Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity in Humans."
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Advances in exercise, fitness, and performance genomics in 2014.
- Author
-
Loos RJ, Hagberg JM, Pérusse L, Roth SM, Sarzynski MA, Wolfarth B, Rankinen T, and Bouchard C
- Subjects
- Adiposity genetics, Animals, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genotype, Hemodynamics genetics, Humans, Insulin genetics, Insulin metabolism, Lipid Metabolism genetics, Muscle Strength genetics, Phenotype, Physical Endurance genetics, Athletic Performance physiology, Exercise physiology, Genomics trends, Physical Fitness physiology
- Abstract
This is the annual review of the exercise genomics literature in which we report on the highest quality papers published in 2014. We identified a number of noteworthy papers across a number of fields. In 70-89 yr olds, only 19% of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) II homozygotes exhibited significant improvement in gait speed in response to a yearlong physical activity program compared to 30% of ACE D-allele carriers. New studies continue to support the notion that the genetic susceptibility to obesity, as evidenced by a genomic risk score (GRS; based on multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms), is attenuated by 40%-50% in individuals who are physically active, compared to those who are sedentary. One study reported that the polygenic risk for hypertriglyceridemia was reduced by 30%-40% in individuals with high cardiorespiratory fitness. One report showed that there was a significant interaction of a type 2 diabetes GRS with physical activity, with active individuals having the lowest risk of developing diabetes. The protective effect of physical activity was most pronounced in the low GRS tertile (hazard ratio, 0.82). The interaction observed with the diabetes GRS seemed to be dependent on a genetic susceptibility to insulin resistance and not insulin secretion. A significant interaction between PPARα sequence variants and physical activity levels on cardiometabolic risk was observed, with higher activity levels associated with lower risk only in carriers of specific genotypes and haplotypes. The review concludes with a discussion of the importance of replication studies when very large population or intervention discovery studies are not feasible or are cost prohibitive.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Advances in exercise, fitness, and performance genomics in 2013.
- Author
-
Wolfarth B, Rankinen T, Hagberg JM, Loos RJ, Pérusse L, Roth SM, Sarzynski MA, and Bouchard C
- Subjects
- Adiposity, Blood Glucose metabolism, Body Weight, Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Hemodynamics, Humans, Insulin blood, Lipids blood, Lipoproteins blood, Muscle Strength physiology, Physical Endurance physiology, Resistance Training, Respiration, Exercise physiology, Genomics, Physical Fitness physiology
- Abstract
The most significant and scientifically sound articles in exercise genomics that were published in 2013 are reviewed in this report. No article on the genetic basis of sedentary behavior or physical activity level was identified. A calcineurin- and alpha actinin-2-based mechanism has been identified as the potential molecular basis for the observed lower muscular strength and power in alpha actinin-3-deficient individuals. Although baseline muscle transcriptomic signatures were found to be associated with strength training-induced muscle hypertrophy, no predictive genomic variants could be identified as of yet. One study found no clear evidence that the inverse relation between physical activity level and incident CHD events was influenced by 58 genomic variants clustered into four genetic scores. Lower physical activity level in North American populations may be driving the apparent risk of obesity in fat mass- and obesity-associated gene (FTO)-susceptible individuals compared with more active populations. Two large studies revealed that common genetic variants associated with baseline levels of plasma HDL cholesterol and triglycerides are not clear predictors of changes induced by interventions focused on weight loss, diet, and physical activity behavior. One large study from Japan reported that a higher fitness level attenuated the arterial stiffness-promoting effect of the Ala54 allele at the fatty acid binding protein 2 locus, which is a controversial finding because previous studies have suggested that Thr54 was the risk allele. Using transcriptomics to generate genomic targets in an unbiased manner for subsequent DNA sequence variants studies appears to be a growing trend. Moreover, exercise genomics is rapidly embracing gene and pathway analysis to better define the underlying biology and provide a foundation for the study of human variation.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Advances in exercise, fitness, and performance genomics in 2012.
- Author
-
Pérusse L, Rankinen T, Hagberg JM, Loos RJ, Roth SM, Sarzynski MA, Wolfarth B, and Bouchard C
- Subjects
- Adiposity genetics, Animals, Athletic Performance physiology, Exercise Tolerance physiology, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genomics, Hemodynamics, Humans, Lipid Metabolism physiology, Muscle Strength physiology, Physical Fitness physiology, Precision Medicine, Exercise physiology
- Abstract
A small number of excellent articles on exercise genomics issues were published in 2012. A new PYGM knock-in mouse model will provide opportunities to investigate the exercise intolerance and very low activity level of people with McArdle disease. New reports on variants in ACTN3 and ACE have increased the level of uncertainty regarding their true role in skeletal muscle metabolism and strength traits. The evidence continues to accumulate on the positive effects of regular physical activity on body mass index or adiposity in individuals at risk of obesity as assessed by their FTO genotype or by the number of risk alleles they carry at multiple obesity-susceptibility loci. The serum levels of triglycerides and the risk of hypertriglyceridemia were shown to be influenced by the interactions between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the NOS3 gene and physical activity level. Allelic variation at nine SNPs was shown to account for the heritable component of the changes in submaximal exercise heart rate induced by the HERITAGE Family Study exercise program. SNPs at the RBPMS, YWHAQ, and CREB1 loci were found to be particularly strong predictors of the changes in submaximal exercise heart rate. The 2012 review ends with comments on the importance of relying more on experimental data, the urgency of identifying panels of genomic predictors of the response to regular exercise and particularly of adverse responses, and the exciting opportunities offered by recent advances in our understanding of the global architecture of the human genome as reported by the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements project.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Advances in exercise, fitness, and performance genomics in 2011.
- Author
-
Roth SM, Rankinen T, Hagberg JM, Loos RJ, Pérusse L, Sarzynski MA, Wolfarth B, and Bouchard C
- Subjects
- Adiposity genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Athletic Performance physiology, Exercise physiology, Genomics, Physical Fitness physiology
- Abstract
This review of the exercise genomics literature emphasizes the highest quality articles published in 2011. Given this emphasis on the best publications, only a small number of published articles are reviewed. One study found that physical activity levels were significantly lower in patients with mitochondrial DNA mutations compared with controls. A two-stage fine-mapping follow-up of a previous linkage peak found strong associations between sequence variation in the activin A receptor, type-1B (ACVRIB) gene and knee extensor strength, with rs2854464 emerging as the most promising candidate polymorphism. The association of higher muscular strength with the rs2854464 A allele was confirmed in two separate cohorts. A study using a combination of transcriptomic and genomic data identified a comprehensive map of the transcriptomic features important for aerobic exercise training-induced improvements in maximal oxygen consumption, but no genetic variants derived from candidate transcripts were associated with trainability. A large-scale de novo meta-analysis confirmed that the effect of sequence variation in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene on the risk of obesity differs between sedentary and physically active adults. Evidence for gene-physical activity interactions on type 2 diabetes risk was found in two separate studies. A large study of women found that physical activity modified the effect of polymorphisms in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hepatic lipase (LIPC), and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) genes, identified in previous genome-wide association study reports, on HDL cholesterol. We conclude that a strong exercise genomics corpus of evidence would not only translate into powerful genomic predictors but also have a major effect on exercise biology and exercise behavior research.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Advances in exercise, fitness, and performance genomics in 2010.
- Author
-
Hagberg JM, Rankinen T, Loos RJ, Pérusse L, Roth SM, Wolfarth B, and Bouchard C
- Subjects
- Adiposity genetics, Adiposity physiology, Animal Experimentation, Animals, Female, Glucose genetics, Glucose metabolism, Hemodynamics genetics, Insulin genetics, Insulin metabolism, Male, Mice, Muscle Strength genetics, Physical Endurance genetics, Physical Endurance physiology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Research, Athletic Performance physiology, Genomics, Physical Conditioning, Animal physiology, Physical Fitness physiology
- Abstract
This review of the exercise genomics literature emphasizes the strongest articles published in 2010 as defined by sample size, quality of phenotype measurements, quality of the exercise program or physical activity exposure, study design, adjustment for multiple testing, quality of genotyping, and other related study characteristics. One study on voluntary running wheel behavior was performed in 448 mice from 41 inbred strains. Several quantitative trait loci for running distance, speed, and duration were identified. Several studies on the alpha-3 actinin (ACTN3) R577X nonsense polymorphism and the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D polymorphism were reported with no clear evidence for a joint effect, but the studies were generally underpowered. Skeletal muscle RNA abundance at baseline for 29 transcripts and 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were both found to be predictive of the V˙O2max response to exercise training in one report from multiple laboratories. None of the 50 loci associated with adiposity traits are known to influence physical activity behavior. However, physical activity seems to reduce the obesity-promoting effects of at least 12 of these loci. Evidence continues to be strong for a role of gene-exercise interaction effects on the improvement in insulin sensitivity after exposure to regular exercise. SNPs in the cAMP-responsive element binding position 1 (CREB1) gene were associated with training-induced HR response, in the C-reactive protein (CRP) gene with training-induced changes in left ventricular mass, and in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene with carotid stiffness in low-fit individuals. We conclude that progress is being made but that high-quality research designs and replication studies with large sample sizes are urgently needed., (© 2011 by the American College of Sports Medicine)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Pneumatic resistance machines can provide eccentric loading.
- Author
-
Roth SM, Rogers MA, Hurley BF, and Martel GF
- Subjects
- Humans, Muscle Contraction, Myostatin, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Transforming Growth Factor beta genetics, United States, Equipment Design, Equipment and Supplies, Weight Lifting
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.