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Introduction: Drug dependence causes an overestimation of drug-related stimuli and an underestimation of non-drug-related stimuli, such as food. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute moderate-intensity dance and aerobic exercise on drug craving, appetite, prefrontal neural activation to food cues, and food reward in women with methamphetamine MA dependence. Methods: Thirty-nine women who met the Diagnostic and StatisticalManual ofMental Disorders, Fifth EditionMA dependence criteria participated in the experiment and were randomly assigned to either a dance (n = 20) or exercise (n = 19) group. A moderate-intensity (65%-75%maximum heart rate) 35-min dance or treadmill intervention counterbalanced with a reading control sessionwas conducted. After the intervention or control, subjective drug craving was measured before and after exposure to drug-related cues. Visual analog scales were used to measure subjective feelings of appetite. Participants then completed a visual food cue paradigm while using functional near-infrared spectroscopy to monitor prefrontal blood oxygen changes. Finally, the Leeds Food PreferenceQuestionnairewas used to measure reward responses to different categories of food. Results: The results showed that the dance and exercise interventions reduced subjective craving for drugs after being exposed to drug cues (P = 0.019). Implicit wanting (P < 0.001) and relative preferences (P = 0.001) for high-calorie savory foods were all increased after interventions relative to control. Comparedwith the control session, the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (P = 0.020)was activatedwhen viewing high-calorie foods after moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Conclusions: The current results support the use of moderate-intensity exercise as a therapeutic intervention to restore the balance between drug and nondrug rewards by decreasing cue-induced MA craving and increasing food reward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]