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Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text, Rationale: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is recognized as an emerging treatment through reconstruction of gut microbiota. Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, which is accompanied by constipation. Here we first reported a patient with Parkinson's disease and constipation that were obviously relieved after FMT. Patient concerns: A 71-year-old male patient presented with 7 years of resting tremor, bradykinesia (first inflicted the upper limbs and subsequently spread to lower limbs), and intractable constipation (defecation needing more than 30 minutes). Diagnoses: Parkinson's disease for 7 years; constipation >3 years. Interventions: The patient had used madopar, pramipexole, and amantadine for anti-Parkinson and showed partially mitigation while laxative therapy for constipation failed. Finally FMT was performed. Outcomes: The patient successfully defecated within 5 minutes and maintained daily unobstructed defecation until the end of follow-up. The patient's tremor in legs almost disappeared at 1 week after FMT but recurred in the right lower extremity at 2 months after FMT. Lessons: Gut microbiota reconstruction may have therapeutic effects for Parkinson's disease patients, especially those who have gastrointestinal symptoms and limited treatment choices.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated pruritus is a common adverse symptom in patients with end-stage renal disease treated by dialysis. Herein, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of CKD-associated pruritus among adult dialysis patients was conducted. An electronic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, Wanfang, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases was conducted from inception to November 23, 2016, and all cross-sectional studies that reported the prevalence of CKD-associated pruritus in dialysis were collected. The pooled prevalence was estimated by random-effects model. Potential publication bias was evaluated by the funnel plot as well as Begg and Egger tests. After rigorous screening, a total of 42 studies conducted on 11,800 patients were included in this study. The overall prevalence of CKD-associated pruritus among adult dialysis patients was 55% (95% confidence interval [CI], 49–61, I2 = 97.6%), the stratification of which was 55% (95% CI, 45–65, I2 = 94.7%) in men and 55% (95% CI, 46–65, I2 = 93.3%) in women. In hemodialysis (HD) patients, the prevalence of CKD-associated pruritus was 55% (95% CI, 49–62, I2 = 97.9%), while in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, it was 56% (95% CI, 44–68, I2 = 89.9%). The prevalence of CKD-associated pruritus for mean dialysis duration