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The aim of this study is to explore the potential association between cystatin C (Cys-c) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in hypertensive patients.In this study, circulating levels of Cys-c in 62 essential hypertension (EH) patients, 147 hypertension with coronary heart disease (EH + CHD) patients, and 60 healthy volunteers were investigated using immunoturbidimetry. Then, we analyzed the correlations between Cys-C and other clinical parameters.Serum Cys-C level was significantly higher in the EH and EH + CHD groups than in the control group, and higher in the EH + CHD group than in the EH group. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis showed that the diagnostic value of Cys-C for patients with hypertension combined CHD was 0.871(95% CI: 0.818-0.913). Serum Cys-C level was significantly higher in the double-vessel disease group and multi-vessel disease group than in the single-vessel disease group, and higher in the multi-vessel disease group than in the double-vessel disease group. Urinary albumin and CRP correlated positively with Cys-C, and HDL correlated negatively with Cys-C. Cys-C was an independent risk factor for CHD in hypertensive patients.Our results suggested that circulating Cys-C levels was up-regulated in patients with hypertension and CHD, and had correlation with the severity of coronary artery disease. As one of the important risk factors for CHD, Cys-C can predict the occurrence of CHD in patients with hypertension.

Background: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined aclidinium bromide and formoterol fumarate for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: Electronic databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials, WanFang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database were searched for studies on the use of combined aclidinium bromide and formoterol fumarate in the treatment of COPD. Two independent researchers performed literature screening, data extraction, and assessment of quality of studies. The strength of the association of the efficacy and safety of combined aclidinium bromide and formoterol fumarate in the treatment of COPD was evaluated according to the odds ratio (OR), mean differences (MDs), and 95% confidence interval (CI). Statistical analysis was carried out via using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: The results of the present study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Conclusion: The conclusion of the present study will provide evidence to judge whether combined aclidinium bromide and formoterol fumarate is an effective and safety intervention in the treatment of COPD. Systematic review registration number: INPLASY202070063.

Background:Anti-VEGF agents has been widely used in ocular diseases, but its safety for treating anterior segment disorders, the conclusions are controversial.Methods:Several major databases, including CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE, were searched. Safety data from 18 randomized controlled tri