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Background: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a common kidney disease characterized by a slow and progressive decline in kidney function. Clinical practice suggests that traditional Chinese medicinal enemas have a therapeutic effect on CRF. To assess the therapeutic efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicinal enemas in treating CRF, we created a protocol for a systematic review to inform future clinical applications. Methods: We completed a literature search of all clinical randomized controlled trials evaluating traditional Chinese medicinal enemas on CRF in the following five English and four Chinese databases completed before August 2020: Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Library database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANFANE Database, Chinese Scientific and Technological Periodical Database (VIP) and Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM). The primary outcomes evaluated blood urea nitrogen levels, uric acid levels, endogenous creatinine clearance rate, and serum creatinine, and the secondary outcomes included clinical efficacy and adverse effects of treatment. Two independent researchers performed data extraction and quality assessment. RevMan5.3 software was used to assess data quality and bias. This protocol was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocol (PRISMA-P) statement. Results: This study will provide a rational synthesis of current evidence for traditional Chinese medicinal enemas for the treatment of CRF. Conclusion: This study presents evidence on whether traditional Chinese medicinal enemas are an effective and safe intervention for CRF patients. Registration number: INPLASY202080052

Background: In recent years, the incidence rate of hypertensive nephropathy has been increasing quickly, which has been a major threat to people's health. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers have certain curative effects. However, there are some patients having serious adverse reactions, and the benefit population is limited, so the treatment of hypertensive renal damage is necessary to have beneficial supplement. More and more clinical studies have shown that ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole injection (GDI) combined with antihypertensive drugs has achieved good results in the treatment of hypertensive renal damage. It is supposed to be a supplementary treatment in hypertensive nephropathy. Objectives: To systematically assess the efficacy and safety of GDI combined with antihypertensive drugs on hypertensive renal injury. Methods: Seven databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Wanfang database, China biomedical literature service system (Sino Med), VIP Chinese Sci-tech journal database (VIP), and China national knowledge internet (CNKI) were retrieved to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the experimental group containing combined therapy of hypertensive nephropathy with GDI and antihypertensive drugs. The retrieval time was from the establishment of database to July 8, 2020. Two researchers independently selected literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias in the study. The methodological quality was evaluated with Cochrane handbook and meta-analysis was performed with Stata 14.0 software. Results: Eight studies were included in this study which involved 556 patients. The meta-analyses indicated that, compared with using antihypertensive drugs alone, combined treatment of GDI with antihypertensive drugs can decrease 24-hour urinary total protein (weighted mean difference [WMD] –0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.82, –0.39; k = 6, P ≤ .001), blood urea nitrogen (WMD –1.27, 95% CI: –2.45, –0.10; k = 6, P = .033, serum creatinine (WMD –29.50, 95% CI: –56.44, –2.56; number of estimates [k] = 6, P = .032). Conclusions: Our meta-analyses showed that GDI combined with antihypertensive drugs can improve the renal function of hypertensive patients with renal injury.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text, Background: Hypertension is a common chronic disease and poses a huge burden to health care systems. Recent studies have shown that gastrodin injection (GI) has a potential supplementary therapeutic effect on hypertension. Objectives: To systematically assess the efficacy and safety of GI in treatment of hypertension. Methods: Systematic search was conducted on 7 databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Wanfang database, China biomedical literature service system, VIP Chinese Sci-tech journal database and China national knowledge internet). The retrieval time was from the establishment of database to February 15, 2020. Two researchers independently selected literature, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias in the study. The methodological quality was evaluated with Cochrane handbook. The meta-analysis was performed with Stata 14.0 software. Results: Thirteen studies were included in this study involving 1525 patients. Compared with using conventional therapy alone, GI combined with conventional therapy can decrease systolic blood pressure (weighted mean difference [WMD] −6.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −10.30, −3.04. number of estimates [k] = 9, I2 = 89.3%), diastolic blood pressure (WMD −4.52, 95% CI: −7.79, −1.26. k = 9, I2 = 92.3%), and improve the clinical efficacy (relative risk [RR] 1.18, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.26. k = 6, I2 = 12.6%). Conclusions: The current evidence showed that GI combined with conventional therapy can improve systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and clinical efficacy. GI can become a supplementary treatment for hypertension.