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The gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnostic criteria recommended by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) were established based on the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study and have been the most commonly used criteria for determining GDM worldwide. Although individuals from mainland China were not included in the HAPO study, the IADPSG criteria have been used in China since 2011. However, the appropriateness of the criteria for evaluating maternal postpartum outcomes in mainland China are unknown. We conducted this study to determine whether the IADPSG criteria are appropriate for Chinese patients for evaluating long-term maternal postpartum outcomes. Eighty-four patients who were diagnosed with hyperglycemia during pregnancy and had delivery in Peking University First Hospital from February 2007 to December 2009 were enrolled in the study. For patients in Group A, GDM was diagnosed using both the National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) and the IADPSG criteria, while patients in Group B, gestational impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT) was diagnosed using the NDDG criteria while GDM was diagnosed based on the IADPSG criteria. Anthropometric data, glucose metabolism, lipid profiles, β cell function, and insulin resistance index were evaluated and compared to baseline after 5- to 6-year postpartum period. Patients in group A had significantly higher oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) fasting, 2-hour and 3-hour plasma glucose levels compared to patients in group B at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation (P

Rationale: Ectopic adrenal tissue is the adrenal rests along the path from gonads to adrenal glands during embryogenesis. Ectopic adrenocortical adenoma is a rare disease represented with over-production of cortisol by the ectopic adrenocortical tissue. Patient concerns: An 18-year-old Chinese female patient was presented with weight-gain for 6 months. She had elevated plasma cortisol and a solitary mass was revealed using computed tomography scan in the left renal hilum. Diagnosis: The tumor was removed and the immunohistochemical profile indicated an ectopic adrenocortical adenoma. Interventions: After the tumor was removed, the patient was under glucocorticoid replacement therapy in 6-month. Outcomes: During 6-month of follow-up, the patient showed no signs of tumor recurrence. Lessons: Ectopic adrenocortical adenoma is difficult to diagnose due to its low incidence, and the ectopic rests in renal hilum could be misdiagnosed as renal cell carcinoma. This case reminds clinicians to be aware of ectopic site in the diagnosis of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) independent Cushing's syndrome. Immunohistochemical stain may assist in evaluating the origin of the ectopic rests. A certain rate of local recurrence indicated the need of long-term follow-up.