Search

Purpose: This work investigates the dose characteristics and image quality of a multisource cone-beam CT scanner dedicated for extremity imaging., Methods: The scanner has an x-ray source with three separate anode-cathode units evenly distributed along the longitudinal direction. A nominal scan protocol fires the three sources sequentially, and a total of 600 projections (200 for each source) are acquired over a source-detector orbit of 210 o . Dose was measured using a Farmer chamber in three CTDI phantoms stacked end-to-end. Measurements were performed at the central and four peripheral locations of a CTDI phantom on the axial plane and repeated along the longitudinal direction. The extent of 3D sampling of the three-source configuration was assessed in the Fourier domain through noise power spectrum measurements from air scans and compared with that from a single-source scan. A modified Defrise phantom and anthropomorphic knee and hand phantoms were used for visual assessment of cone-beam artifacts in the reconstructed images., Results: The dose distribution for the three-source configuration exhibits radial asymmetry on the axial plane consistent with a short-scan geometry. Along the longitudinal direction, the highest dose was measured at the central axial plane where the field of view (FOV) from all three sources overlaps and falls off more slowly toward the end compared to a single-source configuration. The extent of 3D sampling is improved throughout the FOV as each source compensates for missing frequencies from the adjacent source. As a result, the reduction in streak and shading artifacts is apparent in the reconstructed images of all three phantoms. The improvement in image quality from the three-source configuration is most pronounced in joint spaces farther from the central axial plane., Conclusions: Initial assessment of the multisource scanner demonstrated the advantages over single-source designs in a compact scanner with large longitudinal FOV. The reduction in cone-beam artifact is particularly valuable for extremity imaging where high-contrast articular surfaces are present away from the central axial plane and/or throughout the FOV., (© 2017 American Association of Physicists in Medicine.)

Previous work [Burgess et al., Med. Phys. 28, 419-437 (2001)] has shown that anatomical noise in projection mammography results in a power spectrum well modeled over a range of frequencies by a power law, and the exponent (beta) of this power law plays a critical role in determining the size at which a growing lesion reaches the threshold for detection. In this study, the authors evaluated the power-law model for breast computed tomography (bCT) images, which can be thought of as thin sections through a three-dimensional (3D) volume. Under the assumption of a 3D power law describing the distribution of attenuation coefficients in the breast parenchyma, the authors derived the relationship between the power-law exponents of bCT and projection images and found it to be betasection=betaproj-1. They evaluated this relationship on clinical images by comparing bCT images from a set of 43 patients to Burgess' findings in mammography. They were able to make a direct comparison for 6 of these patients who had both a bCT exam and a digitized film-screen mammogram. They also evaluated segmented bCT images to investigate the extent to which the bCT power-law exponent can be explained by a binary model of attenuation coefficients based on the different attenuation of glandular and adipose tissue. The power-law model was found to be a good fit for bCT data over frequencies from 0.07 to 0.45 cyc/mm, where anatomical variability dominates the spectrum. The average exponent for bCT images was 1.86. This value is close to the theoretical prediction using Burgess' published data for projection mammography and for the limited set of mammography data available from the authors' patient sample. Exponents from the segmented bCT images (average value: 2.06) were systematically slightly higher than bCT images, with substantial correlation between the two (r=0.84).