1. A review of innate and adaptive immunity to coccidioidomycosis
- Author
-
Hung, Chiung-Yu, Hsu, Amy P, Holland, Steven M, and Fierer, Joshua
- Subjects
Rare Diseases ,Orphan Drug ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Valley Fever ,Infectious Diseases ,Prevention ,Biodefense ,Vaccine Related ,Immunization ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adaptive Immunity ,Animals ,Antifungal Agents ,Coccidioides ,Coccidioidomycosis ,Community-Acquired Infections ,Fungal Vaccines ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Humans ,Immunity ,Innate ,Mice ,Southwestern United States ,innate immunity ,Dectin-1 ,MyD88 ,interleukin-1 ,fungal susceptibility ,Mendelian genetics ,adaptive immunity ,T-cell response ,adjuvants ,and fungal vaccines ,Medical Microbiology ,Microbiology - Abstract
Coccidioidomycosis is a human fungal disease cause by inhalation of aerosol spores produced by Coccidioides posadasii or Coccidioides immitis. This disease is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in the endemic areas of the Southwestern United States. It also can present as a life-threatening disease as the fungal cells disseminate to skin, bone, and central nervous system. The outcome of coccidioidomycosis is largely determined by the nature of host immune response to the infection. Escalation of symptomatic infections and increased cost of long-term antifungal treatment warrant a concerted effort to better understand the innate and adaptive immune responses and the genetics associated with coccidioidomycosis susceptibility. This knowledge can be harnessed for development of a human vaccine against Coccidioides and advance clinic management of this disease. This review discusses recently reported studies on innate and adaptive immunity to Coccidioides infection, Mendelian susceptibility to disseminated disease and progress toward a human vaccine against this formidable disease.
- Published
- 2019