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Cladophialophora boppii is a black yeast-like fungus that up to now has been only rarely described as a cause of human infection and whose role as a pathogen was not established despite its repeated isolation and genetic identification in these reports. Here we report the first case of a verified toenail infection caused by this fungus in a woman without any systemic disease or evidence of immunodeficiency. Identical dark molds were isolated from the same toenail at three points of time. Species identification was performed by scrutinizing the isolates morphologic, physiologic and genetic characteristics which resulted in their identification as Cladophialophora boppii. Oral treatment with terbinafin plus topical ciclopiroxolamine was effective.

Onychocola canadensis is a non-dermatophytic mould that has been associated with onychomycosis particularly in temperate climates. Until now, O. canadensis has been isolated from patients in Canada (14 cases), New Zealand (three), France (nine), UK (four) and Spain (two). We describe the first Italian case of onychomycosis caused by this fungus.

Onychocola canadensis is a non-dermatophytic mould that may cause distal and lateral subungual or white superficial onychomycosis. It was first reported in 1990. To date, it has been reported only from temperate countries, namely Canada (14 cases), New Zealand (3), France (9) and the United Kingdom (4). We report the first two cases from Spain.