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Objective To investigate the effect of pretreatment with resveratrol (RES) on the cognitive function of neonate rats anesthetized by sevoflurane (SEVO) exposure. Methods Newborn SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, RES group, SEVO group, SEVO+RES group. SD rats were exposed to 2.5% sevoflurane 2h per day for 3 consecutive days in a self-made anesthesia box to establish a sevoflurane exposure model, and were treated with resveratrol of 30mg/kg or 0.5% DMSO for 30min before the sevoflurane anesthesia. Rats were killed at the P8, and the brain tissues were harvested. The morphological changes of brain tissue were observed by HE staining, the expression of SIRT1, PGC-1α and FOXO3α mRNA in hippocampus was detected by RT-PCR, the expression of SIRT1 and caspase 3 protein in hippocampus was detected by Western blotting, and the changes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity in hippocampal homogenate were detected by chemical method of SOD and MDA Kits. The Morris water maze was used to assess the learning and memory function of rats at P30. Results Compared with Control group, the nerve tissue of SEVO group was obviously loose, edema, partial cytoplasm dissolution, nuclear pyknosis, and fragmentation. The nerve tissue of SEVO+RES group also showed cell edema, nuclear pyknosis and other pathological changes in a markedly lighter degree than that in SEVO group. Compared with Control group, the expressions of SIRT1, PGC-1α and FOXO3α mRNA and SOD activity decreased (P0.05). Conclusions Resveratrol could reduce the level of oxidative stress and lighten the brain injury induced by sevoflurane exposure in neonatal rats. However, exposure to sevoflurane couldn't significantly impair the ability of long-term learning and memory of newborn rats, whether they were pretreated with resveratrol or not. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2018.07.11

Objective To analyze the genetic etiology of lateral ventriculomegaly fetal on the genome-wide level with chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), and investigate the relationship between copy number variations (CNVs) and lateral ventriculomegaly and the application value of CMA in prenatal diagnosis of fetuses with lateral ventriculomegaly. Methods Seventy fetuses with lateral ventriculomegaly but normal or uncertain karyotype were selected and invasive prenatal diagnosis was performed in Xi Jing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University from Jan. 2015 to Nov. 2016. Microarray testing was performed using Affymetrix CytoScanTM 750k arrays and the results were analyzed according to biological information science database. The fetal development was regularly inspected, and follow up was conducted to find out the pregnancy outcome and fetal postnatal conditions. Results In 70 cases of lateral ventriculomegaly fetuses，there were 9 fetuses with pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs), 3 fetuses with likely pathogenic CNVs and 1 fetus with likely pathogenic 1oss of heterozygosity (LOH). During the 70 fetuses with lateral ventriculomegaly, 2 pathogenic CNVs were detected in 6 fetuses with severe and non isolated lateral ventriculomegaly (33.3%). Pathogenic CNVs was not detected but 1 likely pathogenic CNV was detected in 3 fetuses with severe and isolated lateral ventriculomegaly (33.3%). Six pathogenic CNVs were detected in 31 mild and non isolated lateral ventriculomegaly (19.4%), and 2 likely pathogenic CNVs were also detected in these group (6.5%). One pathogenic CNV and 1 likely pathogenic CNV were detected in 30 fetuses with mild and isolated fetal lateral ventriculomegaly. Conclusions CMA can identify chromosome abnormality microdeletion/microduplication which was unrecognizable by conventional karyotyping analysis. The application of CMA may increase the detection rate of pathogenic CNVs in fetuses with lateral ventriculomegaly, and benefit evaluation of fetal prognosis in prenatal genetic counselling. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2017.10.12

Objective To analysis the clinical high risk factors for fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Methods Amniocentesis, chromosomal karyotype analysis and other related methods were performed on 4829 pregnant women, who presented sole indication of prenatal diagnosis such as advanced age, high risk factors and fetal ultrasound abnormalities, for analyzing the correlations of those women to the incidence of fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Results The detection rates of abnormal karyotype were 5.0% (57/1143), 1.7% (40/2367) and 4.3% (57/1319) in the older women group (age>35), abnormal maternal serological screening group and abnormal fetal ultrasound finding group, respectively. The detection rats of karyotype abnormality were 6.9% (23/333) in women with fetal congenital heart diseases, 8.5% (20/234) in those with abnormal amniotic fluid, 1.1% (1/89) in those with fetal ventriculomegaly, 1.1% (10/898) in those with fetal intracardiac hyperechogenicity, 5.9% (2/34) in those with fetal choroid cyst and 5.6% (1/18) in those with fetal renal pelvis broadening. Conclusion The pregnant women with age>35, fetal sonographic structural anomalies or two or more soft marker abnormalities should be prenatally diagnosed and doing the genetic counseling combined with the family history. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2017.02.14