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Background: Comparing surgical outcomes of management of posterior polar cataract, a congenital cataract, which is difficult to manage surgically and has been associated with poor surgical outcomes., Methods: 46 eyes of 38 patients with posterior polar cataract underwent phacoemulsification and PCIOL implantation., Results: In a prospective analytical study, 46 eyes of 38 patients with posterior polar cataracts underwent surgery at a zonal hospital of the armed forces. The posterior polar cataract incidence was 1.23 per 1000 with confidence interval (CI) of 0.0012. Of the 46 eyes operated, 6 had a posterior capsular rupture (PCR) (13.04%). The PCR incidence in normal cataracts is reported at approx. 1.1%, whereas, various studies have reported incidence of 6-36% in posterior polar cataracts. 41 eyes achieved a visual acuity of 6/12 or better (89.13%) and 39 eyes of 6/9 or better (84.78%). 4 patients had amblyopia (8.6%), Two patients developed macular edema (4.34%). Mean follow-up was 7 months (range 3-11 months). There was no case of nucleus drop or retinal detachment., Conclusion: Posterior polar cataracts are a surgical challenge. With controlled surgery, well defined techniques, a good surgical outcome can be achieved with reduced incidence of PCR.

Background: Orthokeratology with reverse geometry contact lens is a non-surgical alternative to conventional contact lenses for correction of myopia. However, the strength of evidence for its efficacy and safety is limited to retrospective studies and only a few prospective studies. This prospective study, the first on Indian subjects, evaluated the outcome of orthokeratology among young myopes., Methods: Fifty eyes of 25 young myopes (age 19-29 years) with myopia of -1 to 5.0 diopter underwent accelerated orthokeratology using the reverse geometry ortho K - LK lenses for correction of myopia. They were followed up prospectively with weekly vision, refraction, corneal topography, and pachymetry to assess the correction of myopia., Results: The mean Log MAR vision corrected from 0.748 ± 0.225 at base line to 0.025 ± 0.0630 at 12 weeks with 86% achieving 6/6 unaided day time vision. This was associated with significant central corneal flattening and thinning. The lenses were well tolerated with no significant complications., Conclusion: Overnight accelerated orthokeratology effectively corrects moderate degree of myopia and provide excellent spectacle free day time vision without any significant adverse effects in the short term.

Background: A non-randomized, interventional study was carried out various types of retinal venous occlusions with significant macular edema who required an Anti-VEGF injection., Method: One hundred and one consecutive patients diagnosed as a case of CRVO/HCRVO/BRVO were enrolled in the study provided they had significant macular edema. Atleast three intra-vitreal injections of Anti-VEGFs were given and both the pre and post injections BCVA and CMT on OCT were observed and analyzed., Results: 87 patients (86.14%) showed a significant improvement of vision of atleast two lines on the Snellen's and mean BCVA improved from log MAR +1.084 to log MAR +0.455. CMT on OCT showed reduction in thickness after Anti-VEGF therapy in 99 patients out of 101 and mean CMT decreased from 586.30 μ at baseline to 329.50 μ. Both of these findings were statistically very significant., Conclusions: Anti-VEGF therapy had a marked improvement in BCVA along with a dramatic reduction in CMT in the vast majority of RVOs patients with no serious ocular or systemic side effects.