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Introduction: maternal cigarette smoking is an important public health issue recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the most serious, preventable risk factors for developing a series of pregnancy pathologies. Aim: to determinate association between maternalcigarette smoking and rates of placental expulsion in the study of the efficacy of intra - umbilical vein administration of carboprost versus oxytocin in the management of retained placenta. Materials and methods: this prospective clinical study was conducted at the Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, in the period from 2013 to 2015 and it included 200 pregnant women. Examinees were randomized in subgroups, by risk factors and interventions. The main outcome variable was expulsion of retained placenta and second outcome variables were: duration of time from intra-umbilical vein administration of drug to expulsion of RR cord diameter, manual removal of placenta, the number of cases who required blood transfusion, anesthetics and antibiotics, by smoking status. Results: history of cigarette smoking was more likely in pregnant women with high schooldiploma (81.6% vs. 66.7%; p<0.05). The pregnant women with positive history of cigarette smoking had statistically significant lower rates of placental expulsion compared with non-smokers (64.6% vs. 80.7%, respectively; p=0.0l3). The cord diameter <2.0 cm was more frequently in the pregnant women with positive history of cigarette smoking, compared with non-smokers, but there was not statistically significant differences (10.8% vs. 5.9%, respectively, p>0.05). Conclusion: cigarette smoking among women of reproductive age is associated with lower rates of placental expulsion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]