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A novel rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on hierarchical fuzzy entropy (HFE), Laplacian score (LS) and improved support vector machine based binary tree (ISVM-BT) is proposed in this paper. Focus on the difficulty of extracting fault feature from the non-linear and non-stationary vibration signal under complex operating conditions, HFE method is utilized for fault feature extraction. Compared with multi-scale fuzzy entropy (MFE) method, HFE method considers both the low and high frequency components of the vibration signals, which can provide a much more accurate estimation of entropy. Besides, Laplacian score (LS) method is introduced to refine the fault feature by sorting the scale factors. Subsequently, the obtained features are fed into the multi-fault classifier ISVM-BT to automatically fulfill the fault pattern identifications. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective in recognizing the different categories and severities of rolling bearings faults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]