Search

The complexities of implementing production processes in vacuum chambers are analyzed: powerful electromagnetic interference, the small overall dimensions of the chamber, and the inaccessibility of the work space. The timely nature of the methods of operational monitoring of such processes is shown. The monitoring of vibroacoustic signals by means of monitoring systems that permit obtaining information on the progress of a production process, the instrumental state, the necessity of adjusting the conditions of processing, etc., is described. Conditions are described in which vibration monitoring in the work zone is made more complex by the conditions of the handling process, such as for electron-beam doping in the vacuum chamber. The possibility of obtaining vibroacoustic information from the work zone of a vacuum chamber by means of a flexible waveguide is studied, and the results of the studies are given. The frequency characteristics of flexible waveguides and the possibility of their use for monitoring production processes with a hard-to-access processing zone are evaluated. The effect on the transmission coefficient of a waveguide from its cross-sectional area and its seal at the input to the vacuum chamber, as well as additional voltage, is analyzed. The prospects for using flexible waveguides in hard-to-access spaces in the operations zone of a work space are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for the operational monitoring of the spatial distributions of the structural-morphological parameters (SMPs) of the mucosa of internal organs is developed. This is important for early diagnosis of oncological illnesses. The method is based on obtaining endoscopic images of tissue in diffusely reflected light with wavelengths 450, 480, 577, 600,660, and 700 nm and processing the pixels of the images obtained using the stable regressions between the relative spectral characteristics of the images and the tissue parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analysis is made of sources of methodological error encountered in the design of differential manometers and in operational monitoring of the discharge of materials and energy carriers. It is shown that these sources of error can be eliminated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural scheme is considered of a three-channel meter for measuring the parameter of an exponential characteristic of elements or apparatus whose input and output processes involve an exponential dependence. The results are given of an analysis of the accuracy of measuring the exponential parameter. Areas of possible application of the meter are indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method is presented for detection of magnetic bremsstrahlung on colliding beams in colliders, particularly coherent bremsstrahlung in the area of low-energy photons in collision with high-energy particle beams. The properties of coherent bremsstrahlung and its capability for detection and use of beams in diagnostics are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for use in data-measurement systems for design and control of long-line networks is described. The model method is based on the numerical inverse Laplace transform in long-line systems. Its application is illustrated for systems with parabolic differential equations and linear coupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Test objects and program support for measurement of the spatial resolution of materials used in aerospace imaging in the visible and near infrared are developed. Results from an experimental test of the measurement technique for validation of the spectroscopic characteristics of detectors in satellite remote sensing systems and prospects for further use of a comprehensive test site for this purpose are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principles for estimating the errors of measurements of the radio brightness temperature when the background noise is compensated in radio-heat location systems for monitoring meteorological parameters are considered. A compensation signal is generated at the output of an additional antenna channel with a special shape of the radiation pattern. The results of an estimate of this error when using a two-channel dual-mode antenna in the radio-heat location system are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relation between the accuracy of measurements of the radiochemical purity of a radiopharmaceutical sample by scanning the bands of a thin-layer chromatograph and the scanning parameters is demonstrated. The components of the measurement error are determined. The results of work to produce a metrological and apparatus backup for this method, in the form of the Gammaskan-01A scanning instrument, are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The elements and structure of a distributed wireless monitoring system for detecting gas leaks in real time which provides safe and reliable operation of objects in a gas transport network are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of infrared analyzers in the near and middle infrared bands to estimate the quality characteristics of petroleum and petroleum products is considered. The metrological characteristics of these analyzers and apparatus, operating using traditional measurement procedures, are compared. The problems involved in certifying these analyzers are considered and ways of solving the problems of providing metrological backup are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The uncertainty budget for the results of analyzing yttrium and its oxide by atomic-emission spectrometry with an inductively coupled plasma is estimated. The main factors are revealed that make a contribution to the overall uncertainty of results: sample weight of the analyzed material, sample solution volume, and concentration of the element determined. A special method is used to study the effect of yttrium in the analytical signal of the impurities determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A theoretical model of the construction of multielement reflectors in the range in which the amplitudes of the echo signals from +6 dB to −20 dB are formed in steps of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 dB is presented. The use of multielement reflectors provides uniformity of tuning and systematic operative control of the nonlinearity of the inclined converter - electroacoustic channel system of ultrasonic apparatus, which enables the reliability and efficiency of ultrasonic control to be increased considerably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of research to investigate mini-cells for reproducing the melting curves of gallium and indium in microprocessor-based temperature calibrators of the ATC and RTC series are presented. The results obtained reveal new possibilities for employing the melting curves of existing and new thermometer materials to improve the support facilities of precision thermometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

new index is proposed in order to estimate the detonation stability of fuels, i.e., a combined detonation index depending on their electrophysical parameters. The real part of the index determines fuel detonation stability, and the imaginary part determines authenticity (corresponding to the standard). Relationships are studied between fuel octane and cetane numbers with the proposed indices. A block diagram of an instrument is provided for measuring these properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The status of the upgraded system for transmission of frequency and time standard signals is described. The signals are transmitted by different means: the global satellite navigation system (GLONASS), ultralong, long, and short wave radio stations for special and other purposes, and the global internet. The areas in which this system is being developed are examined and its structure is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important components of the error of flow-through coulomometric hygrometers is that due to “moisture transit,” or loss. Exact relationships between this error and the fraction of electrolytic current from the control part of a coulometric cell for both fresh (“new”) cells (i.e., those that been regenerated) and cells that are in the aging process are obtained. It is shown that it is possible to determine and take into account this error in the measurement process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  The problems that arise in comprehensive automation of production are considered. Characteristics are given and examples are provided of intellectual measurement provisions and control, information measurement systems, and software/hardware suites used in enterprises of the chemical, mining, petrochemical, metallurgical, and oil processing industries. A version of implementing a system for production management is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  A requirement is substantiated for improving the accuracy of certification for gravimetric standard gas mixtures (GSGM). Principles are developed for external quality control of GSGM for working standards of the zero order with application of statistical monitoring methods for quality according to a quantified characteristic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A tabular tolerant structure is proposed with allowance for the errors of measurement during acceptance, operation, and delivery, together with corresponding formulas for summation enabling one to determine the proportions of them in the total error for the technological operation quality parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intensity of the emission of the noise from tires depends largely on the structure of the road surface, which in the range of acoustic frequencies is characterized by roughness. The design and principles governing the basic modules of a device for measuring the roughness of a surface are considered. The operating indicators of the device and a technique for processing the measured signal are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A measuring system which uses a shore-based radar station and standard computers is considered. It is shown that, using semiexperimental computer modeling, the accuracy of the radar measuring system is quite acceptable for estimating the wave-forming properties of ships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Block diagrams are considered for two-channel and three-channel meters for determining the parameter of a parabolic characteristic for an electronic component or device. The accuracy in measuring the exponent is examined. Possible applications of the meters are indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results are given of metrological investigations of a new State primary standard GÉT 161-01 for the hardness of metals on the Shore D scale. The standard is intended for reproducing and transferring the Shore D scale in the range 20-140 HSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method is considered for increasing the accuracy of determining the variance and correlation coefficient of the parameters of manufactured products. It is confirmed that it is efficient to utilize an autocorrelation coefficient in order to analyze the variance of the parameters of such products and a correlation coefficient under conditions of large measurement errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method is presented for calculating the discharge and discharge-coefficient errors of a differential manometer due to indirect measurement. The effectiveness of the method for practical calculations is demonstrated through the use of a specific example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promising ways of perfecting the pressure differential method are considered for solving problems of organization of business, cost-accounting, and operational control of fluid flows. We distinguish problems of determining the component make-up of technological media and energy carriers, reserves for enhancing the accuracy in designing pressure-differential flowmeters, in particular by using two information channels (angular and radial) at the same time, choosing the conditions for an optimal flow meter, employing automated design systems, and using physically substantiated models of the properties of materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outlook for interferometric measurements in the analysis of nanotechnology products and processes owing to advances in the development of methods and means for measuring the parameters of wave fronts is discussed. A high degree of automation, as well as newly developed methods for processing and interpreting interferograms, have led to axial resolutions of up to 0.1 nm, essentially in real time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problems involved in further improving the system of metrological facilities in the manufacture and operation of water meters are formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deformation of the cross sections of the compartments of horizontal cylindrical storage tanks, which occurs during manufacture and when they are loaded during use, is analyzed. Volumetric and geometric methods of checking storage tanks are also analyzed. Recommendations are made on choosing the function for describing the close-to-circular cylindrical shape of storage-tank compartments and on the use of volumetric and geometric methods of checking horizontal cylindrical steel storage tanks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]