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2. Impact of HIV-1 Vpu-mediated downregulation of CD48 on NK-cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

Author

Marchitto, Lorie, primary, Benlarbi, Mehdi, additional, Prévost, Jérémie, additional, Laumaea, Annemarie, additional, Descôteaux-Dinelle, Jade, additional, Medjahed, Halima, additional, Bourassa, Catherine, additional, Gendron-Lepage, Gabrielle, additional, Kirchhoff, Frank, additional, Sauter, Daniel, additional, Hahn, Beatrice H., additional, Finzi, Andrés, additional, and Richard, Jonathan, additional

Published
2023
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3. SARS-CoV-2 Is Restricted by Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein despite Preadaptation to the Low-CpG Environment in Humans

Author

Nchioua, Rayhane, primary, Kmiec, Dorota, additional, Müller, Janis A., additional, Conzelmann, Carina, additional, Groß, Rüdiger, additional, Swanson, Chad M., additional, Neil, Stuart J. D., additional, Stenger, Steffen, additional, Sauter, Daniel, additional, Münch, Jan, additional, Sparrer, Konstantin M. J., additional, and Kirchhoff, Frank, additional

Published
2020
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4. Convergent Evolution of HLA-C Downmodulation in HIV-1 and HIV-2

Author

Hopfensperger, Kristina, primary, Richard, Jonathan, additional, Stürzel, Christina M., additional, Bibollet-Ruche, Frederic, additional, Apps, Richard, additional, Leoz, Marie, additional, Plantier, Jean-Christophe, additional, Hahn, Beatrice H., additional, Finzi, Andrés, additional, Kirchhoff, Frank, additional, and Sauter, Daniel, additional

Published
2020
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6. CpG Frequency in the 5′ Third of the env Gene Determines Sensitivity of Primary HIV-1 Strains to the Zinc-Finger Antiviral Protein

Author

Kmiec, Dorota, primary, Nchioua, Rayhane, additional, Sherrill-Mix, Scott, additional, Stürzel, Christina M., additional, Heusinger, Elena, additional, Braun, Elisabeth, additional, Gondim, Marcos V. P., additional, Hotter, Dominik, additional, Sparrer, Konstantin M. J., additional, Hahn, Beatrice H., additional, Sauter, Daniel, additional, and Kirchhoff, Frank, additional

Published
2020
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7. Upregulation of BST-2 by Type I Interferons Reduces the Capacity of Vpu To Protect HIV-1-Infected Cells from NK Cell Responses

Author

Prévost, Jérémie, primary, Pickering, Suzanne, additional, Mumby, Mitchell J., additional, Medjahed, Halima, additional, Gendron-Lepage, Gabrielle, additional, Delgado, Gloria G., additional, Dirk, Brennan S., additional, Dikeakos, Jimmy D., additional, Stürzel, Christina M., additional, Sauter, Daniel, additional, Kirchhoff, Frank, additional, Bibollet-Ruche, Frederic, additional, Hahn, Beatrice H., additional, Dubé, Mathieu, additional, Kaufmann, Daniel E., additional, Neil, Stuart J. D., additional, Finzi, Andrés, additional, and Richard, Jonathan, additional

Published
2019
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9. CpG Frequency in the 5′ Third of the envGene Determines Sensitivity of Primary HIV-1 Strains to the Zinc-Finger Antiviral Protein

Author

Kmiec, Dorota, Nchioua, Rayhane, Sherrill-Mix, Scott, Stürzel, Christina M., Heusinger, Elena, Braun, Elisabeth, Gondim, Marcos V. P., Hotter, Dominik, Sparrer, Konstantin M. J., Hahn, Beatrice H., Sauter, Daniel, and Kirchhoff, Frank

Abstract

Evasion of the zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP) may drive CpG dinucleotide suppression in HIV-1 and many other viral pathogens but the viral determinants of ZAP sensitivity are poorly defined. Here, we examined CpG suppression and ZAP sensitivity in a large number of primate lentiviruses and demonstrate that their genomic frequency of CpGs varies substantially and does not correlate with ZAP sensitivity. We further show that the number of CpG residues in a defined region at the 5′ end of the envgene together with structural features plays a key role in HIV-1 susceptibility to ZAP and correlates with differences in clinical progression rates in HIV-1-infected individuals. Our identification of a specific part of envas a major determinant of HIV-1 susceptibility to ZAP restriction provides a basis for future studies of the underlying inhibitory mechanisms and their potential relevance in the pathogenesis of AIDS.

Published
2020
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10. Antiviral mechanisms of guanylate-binding protein 5: versatile inhibition of multiple viral glycoproteins.

Author

Sauter D and Kirchhoff F

Subjects
Humans, Glycoproteins metabolism, Glycoproteins immunology, Glycoproteins genetics, Glycosylation, Antiviral Agents pharmacology, Viral Envelope Proteins metabolism, Viral Envelope Proteins immunology, Viral Envelope Proteins genetics, Viruses drug effects, Viruses immunology, Animals, GTP-Binding Proteins metabolism, GTP-Binding Proteins genetics, GTP-Binding Proteins immunology
Abstract

Guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) are interferon-inducible cellular factors known to inhibit a wide variety of pathogens. Humans encode seven GBPs that have functionally diversified to provide broad protection against a variety of bacteria, protozoa, and viruses. Here, we discuss recent data on the mechanisms underlying the broad antiviral activity of GBP5 (H. Veler, C. M. Lun, A. A. Waheed, and E. O. Freed, mBio e02086-24, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02086-24) and place them in the context of previous studies on the ability of this antiviral factor to impair the function of numerous viral envelope (Env) glycoproteins. We focus on the effects of GBP5 on the glycosylation, proteolytic processing, and anterograde transport of Env and discuss mechanistic interdependencies of these maturation steps. Understanding the induction and action of broadly acting immune factors, such as GBP5, may help develop effective immune-based strategies against numerous pathogens., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Published
2024
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