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Image deblurring attracts research attention in the field of image processing and computer vision. Traditional deblurring methods based on statistical prior largely depend on the selected prior type, which limits their restoring ability. Moreover, the constructed deblurring model is difficult to solve, and the operation is comparatively complicated. Meanwhile, deep learning has become a hotspot in various fields in recent years. End-to-end convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can learn the pixel mapping relationships between degraded images and clear images. In addition, they can also obtain the result of effectively eliminating spatial variable blurring. However, conventional CNNs have some disadvantages in generalization ability and details of the restored image. Therefore, this paper presents an iterative dual CNN called IDC for image deblurring, where the task of image deblurring is divided into two sub-networks: deblurring and detail restoration. The deblurring sub-network adopts a U-Net structure to learn the semantical and structural features of the image, and the detail restoration sub-network utilizes a shallow and wide structure without downsampling, where only the image texture features are extracted. Finally, to obtain the deblurred image, this paper presents a multiscale iterative strategy that effectively improves the robustness and precision of the model. The experimental results showed that the proposed method has an excellent effect of deblurring on a real blurred image dataset and is suitable for various real application scenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imaging hyperspectral technology is becoming popular in agriculture to provide detailed information on crop growth. In this work, we propose an estimation of rapeseed pod's water content model and identification of maturity levels (green, yellow, and full) model by using this technology. Four types of hyperspectral features are extracted—color, texture, spectral three-edge parameters, and spectral indices. By integrating these features, satisfactory results are achieved: the optimal feature combination is from spectral indices and three-edge parameters, with low RRMSE and RE for yellow maturity. Incorporating spectral indices significantly improved the pod's water content estimation, reducing RRMSE by up to 43.30% and 30.11% in the green and full maturity stages. Random forest and support vector machine with kernel method (SVM-KM) algorithms outperformed other statistical models, with SVM-KM achieving up to 96.90% accuracy in identifying maturity levels. These findings provide valuable insights for managing rapeseed production during the pod stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To facilitate the development of intelligent unmanned loaders and improve the recognition accuracy of loaders in complex scenes, we propose a construction machinery and material target detection algorithm incorporating an attention mechanism (AM) to improve YOLOv4-Tiny. First, to ensure the robustness of the proposed algorithm, we adopt style migration and sliding window segmentation to increase the underlying dataset's diversity. Second, to address the problem that YOLOv4-Tiny's (the base network) framework only adopts a layer-by-layer connection form, which demonstrates an insufficient feature extraction ability, we adopt a multilayer cascaded residual module to deeply connect low- and high-level information. Finally, to filter redundant feature information and make the proposed algorithm focus more on important feature information, a channel AM is added to the base network to perform a secondary screening of feature information in the region of interest, which effectively improves the detection accuracy. In addition, to achieve small-scale object detection, a multiscale feature pyramid network structure is employed in the prediction module of the proposed algorithm to output two prediction networks with different scale sizes. The experimental results show that, compared with the traditional network structure, the proposed algorithm fully incorporates the advantages of residual networks and AM, which effectively improves its feature extraction ability and recognition accuracy of targets at different scales. The final proposed algorithm exhibits the features of high recognition accuracy and fast recognition speed, with mean average precision and detection speed reaching 96.82% and 134.4 fps, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In practical application, facial image recognition is vulnerable to be attacked by photos, videos, etc., while some currently used artificial feature extractors in machine learning, such as activity detection, texture descriptors, and distortion detection, are insufficient due to their weak detection ability in feature extraction from unknown attack. In order to deal with the aforementioned deficiency and improve the network security, this paper proposes directional difference convolution for the deep learning in gradient image information extraction, which analyzes pixel correlation within the convolution domain and calculates pixel gradients through difference calculation. Its combination with traditional convolution can be optimized by a parameter θ. Its stronger ability in gradient extraction improves the learning and predicting ability of the network, whose performance testing on CASIA-MFSD, Replay-Attack, and MSU-MFSD for face anti-spoofing task shows that our method outperforms the current related methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]