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Advances in anticancer drug discovery are focusing on the invention of drugs that specifically prompt cell death and pose lesser toxicity to the customary cells. The proposal aims at evaluating the cytotoxic potential of the non-metallic carbon dot (CDs) nanoparticles as a selective anticancer drug against targeted human carcinoma cell lines of liver (HepG2) and breast (MCF-7) in vitro. CDs were synthesized by a chemogenic method from three different natural carbohydrate derivatives glucose (GCD), sucrose (SCD), and fructose (FCD) and were characterized by UV–Visible, Fluorescence, HRTEM, ATR-IR and Raman spectroscopic techniques. Further compared for their anticancer activity against above mentioned cells. The percent cell viability investigations showed a suitability of CDs for cytotoxic studies. The IC50 of the CDs nanoparticles (SCD, GCD, FCD) on HepG2 cells were

The metal casting process is one of the industry's most significant production processes and is also one of the eco-friendly techniques for making usable parts. Metal smelts are the main melting process that takes several stages. However, concerning increased energy consumption, longer casting periods, and major failures, the conventional casting process does have significant problems. New methods are being developed to address these deficiencies of classic casting procedures. The technique of microwave casting is one of the innovative methods that satisfy current needs in the business. The process involves complexity of understanding the heating rate, material interaction phenomenon etc. A 3-D model of the in situ casting process was generated through COMSOL multiphysics software tool. A complete simulation based studies were carried out to predict the thermal history of the metal melting. The simulation results obtained by considering various power levels (1500 W to 3500 W) to predict melting time, average heating rate, desired energy to melt the materials. It was observed that the role of electric field distribution inside the microwave applicator and distribution of the temperature in the charge play a important role at hot spot condition and also to increase in temperature in the charge. It is noted that energy decreases are 15.37% at 3500 W, 9.8% at 2000 W, 16.67% at 2500 W, and 13.6% at 3000 W. Finally, the simulation data showed that the heating of the bulk metal is rapid and consistent at specific location of the mold assembly.

In the present study, the mesoporous Ti-SBA-15-SO3H catalyst is synthesized by using the sol-gel method. Further, these materials have been characterized by different advanced analytical techniques such as Low angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetry/Differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), N2 adsorption/desorption studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD) and Lactic acid esterification catalytic activity studies. The Ti-SBA-15-SO3H catalyst is found to have a surface area of 457 m2/g, a pore volume of 0.12 cm3/g, a pore diameter of 3.16 nm, and a high acid density of 1.72 mmol/g. The optimum reaction conditions for lactic acid esterification with n-butanol are found to be a 1: 4 M ratio, 3 wt-% catalysts, 115 °C temperature, and 120 min reaction time to obtain 72% conversion. Further, the reusability tests reveal that the spent catalyst can be used for five successive runs without the loss of considerable activity. The pseudo-homogeneous model was able to describe the kinetics of this esterification with negligible error. The activation energy and equilibrium rate constant for Ti-SBA-15-SO3H is found to be Ea = 0.063 KJ/mol and K = 5.019 lit/mol min, respectively, to catalyze the esterification of lactic acid with n-butanol. A plausible mechanism for the catalytic activity is proposed.

In this present experimental work, magnesium matrix composites (MMCs) were manufactured by stir casting method. Magnesium is a metal which is more abundant and has very less density but the problems is it has better wear resistance and low hardness. To improve the properties of magnesium, ZrSiO4 ceramic powder are reinforced. The tribological and mechanical properties of composite materials were investigated. The effects of reinforcement on the mechanical properties of the composites were investigated by 0, 4 and 8 wt% of ZrSiO4 ceramic powder with a size of 40–60 µm. The primary aim is to investigate the mechanical and tribological behaviour of AZ91/ZrSiO4 composites. ZrSiO4 powders are added at required proportions to produce magnesium alloy (AZ91) matrix composites. AZ91 along with ZrSiO4 confirms fine mechanical properties. The demand of magnesium matrix composites has increased mainly due to its high specific strength, better damping properties, excellent cast ability and superior machining ability.

In today’s world slurry handling equipments are facing lot of engineering problems which is namely erosion. Slurry erosion plays a very important role in the design and operation of slurry transportation systems. In the work an attempt is made to reduce slurry erosion by cobalt based clad developed through microwave energy. The microwave clads are developed on AISI 420 substrate with a microwave exposure of 07 min. The developed clad shown great improvement in the erosion resistance than substrate. Slurry erosive wear studies were carried out with focus of three important parameters such as speed, impact angle and time of slurry exposure. ANOVA and control factors analysis studies were carried out with 95% of confidence level. Impact angle shown most dominating parameter on wear rate. Mixed mode of erosion was noticed on the target surface.

In the world of increased emission norms, gaseous fuel is more effectively used in decreasing the emissions and increased power output. Therefore LPG fueled HCCI for diesel engine is a challenging as well as an exciting idea to de investigated for better NOX emission and fuel consumption. LPG is made to attain its self-ignition temperature by preheating the intake air, which mixes with LPG in the intake manifold. The homogenous charge is to be prepared by manifold induction of LPG. Pilot injection of diesel initiates the combustion process later on the premixed and preheated intake air and LPG is introduced into combustion chamber. This project is concerned with the intake air preheating on the performance of HCCI with LPG fuel under varying load condition. Performance test are planned to be conducted in a single cylinder diesel engine modified into an HCCI engine. The homogeneous charge was prepared by port fuel induction method. It was found that by adopting this methodology the NOX significantly over a reasonable load range. Intake air preheating reduces the HC emission over all load range.

Stability of 20 mol% Zr doped BaTiO3 (BZT20) and 20 mol% Sr doped LaMnO3 (LSM20) phases in their ceramic composite under the conventional heat treatment is discussed. (1−x)BZT20-xLSM20 x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 composites are prepared from mechanical mixing of sol–gel synthesized BZT20 and LSM20 powders. The composite powders were pelletized under 610 MPa hydraulic pressure, sintered at the temperatures of 900 and 1000 °C for 12 h and characterized for the phase structure by X-ray diffractometer. Crystal structure of the pure phases is established from the Rietveld refinement method. Weight fraction of the phases is estimated from the internal standard method. The stoichiometric observation is correlated with the data available in the literature. It is observed that the A-site cations of the two phases start, though weakly, inter-diffusing at the lower temperature of 900 °C. The two phases at the temperature of 1000 °C partially dissolves into each other with the segregation of Zr-Ti-O based oxide as an intermediate phase. The shift in the LSM20 peak by Ba2+ substitution for La3+ and segregation of Zr-Ti-O is stronger in 75:25 and 25:75 compositions respectively due to percolation effect.

Processing of bulk metals through microwave energy in recent years is finding widespread applications and is being prominently accepted by the manufacturing industries. Present work, investigates the effect of process parameters on the tensile strength of Inconel-625welded joints produced through microwave hybrid heating using design of experiments. Experiments were carried out by using Taguchi’s L16 factorial design of experiment method. Input parameters chosen were separator type; susceptor type and filler powder size. The output response chosen was ultimate tensile strength. Optimization of the process parameters is done through Taguchi method and percentage influence of each process parameter on the strength of weld is determined using ANOVA method. Combination of parameters with graphite separator, SiCsusceptor and finer filler powder yields optimum result.

The rapid development in the computer technology and its applications in the production system have become flexible in product variety. The flexible production system may take time in setting up the machine to the change in the arrived job. It is often desirable to change the sequence of jobs to save setup cost and time. Conveyor system is the commonly used advanced material handling system that moves jobs from one station to other stations. The conveyor systems used may be of converging or diverging or combination of converging and diverging depending on the type of applications. Most of the assembly operations require converging and diverging type of conveyors. The performance of the conveyor system depends on the elements of the conveyor system and its operational parameters. The present work addresses the effect of dynamic job sequencing in a converging-diverging conveyor system with the objective to reduce the setup cost and its associated time. Discrete event simulation software has been used to model, simulate and investigate the effect of operational parameters associated with converging-diverging conveyor system. Three different models have been considered for studying the effect of different elements in the converging-diverging conveyor system along with dynamic job sequencing based on sequencing heuristics.

In this paper, the effect of a low carbon steel on microstructural and mechanical properties during quenching in CNT Nanofluids has been investigated. CNT nanofluids have been prepared and used as quenchants to study the effect of CNT dispersion, its concentrations and agitation on the heat transfer rate during quenching. However, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the steel that is being quenched in CNT Nanofluids were not yet analyzed. Hence in this research, a low carbon steel of grade AISI 1010 was chosen and quench probes of diameter 20 mm and length 50 mm were machined. They were then quenched in three different quench mediums namely distilled water (D.I), water based CNT nanofluids with and without surfactant. After quenching, the microstructure, surface roughness and hardness of the quenched probes were investigated and found high surface roughness on probes quenched in CNT nanfluids. Also, probes quenched in CNT nanofulid prepared with surfactant had higher hardness and the microstructure of probes quenched in different quenching mediums varied.

Increasing attention is being given to reduce energy consumption and processing time, in conventional melting of metals. The conventional melting of metals has many problems viz. quality of melting, process cost, environmental issues. In the present study an attempt has been made to melt 60Sn40Pb alloyusing microwave hybrid heating technique by exposing the sample to microwave radiations for 5 minutes, carried out in a domestic microwave oven at 2.45 GHz and 900W. The study has been carried out to overcome the drawbacks of conventional melting of metals. The cast metal is investigated under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Elemental Displacement Spectroscope and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The microstructure reveals the dispersion of Pb in Sn matrix. XRD graph confirms the presence of various oxides.