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This paper gives a review on concrete by adding various types of steel fibre, glass fibre and recron fibre into the concrete and to make comparison of test results. The sudden application of the lateral load demands for a flexible structure which under goes large inelastic deformation during the load. One of the techniques to achieve the ductile structure by adding fibre in the concrete. The addition of the fibre can considerably improve the strength and ductility of structural components, resulting in a considerable energy absorption capacity. In this thesis, an experimental examination of the behaviour of internal beam-column joints under seismic circumstances is given according to IS: 13920–1993. RC, SFRC, HFRC-1, and HFRC-2 are the four internal beam column joint specimens in the experimental programme. The load bearing capacity, load–deflection behaviour, stiffness degradation factor, energy dissipation capacity, ductility factor, and cracking properties of internal beam column joints are investigated. Important inferences will be formed based on the experimental results, and the benefit of employing fibres in the beam column joint region will be well proven.

Many cities now have public trash cans that are overflowing due to the continual growth of rubbish. The dustbins are not cleaned on time by the bin collector. As a result, the city becomes unclean, the environment becomes contaminated, and the atmosphere becomes unsanitary. It distributes a foul odor in the waste, which may be harmful to our human health. To avoid this problem, keep the environment clean and create a healthy environment. The ultrasonic sensor detects the amount of trash in the trash can. We created a low-cost embedded device for city sanitation that allows the web server to track the location of each street. It’s simple to tell whether a dustbin is full or not. As soon as the level hits a certain maximum pre-setted limit, automatically the information is sent to the bin collector. The bin collector will use the internet to access their mobile phone and will take immediate action to clean up the city.

This paper provides the design and manufacture of filament extruders used to recycle used or discarded 3D printed parts. It depends entirely on the plastic extraction process. This can reduce the amount being spent on buying new filament. We can alternatively use plastic pellets for this process of extrusion. Band heater along thermocouple is used for heating the plastic.

Good-quality single crystals of 2- Amino-5-methylpyridinium phosphate (2A5MPP) have been grown by slow evaporation technique. The cell parameters of the grown crystals were studied and the crystal belongs to monoclinic structure with the space group P21/n. FTIR spectral analyses were carried out in order to determine the functional groups. The UV–visible absorption spectra were recorded for the grown crystal. The nonlinear refractive index and third order susceptibility values of 2A5MPP crystal are estimated using a Z-scan technique.

The present study investigates the adsorption and decolourisation efficacy of silica nanoparticles in textile effluent treatment. Silica nanoparticles synthesis was mediated by the indigenous actinomycetes species isolated from the effluent contaminated site using magnesium trisilicate hydrate as a substrate of silica. The presence of functional groups and morphological features of silica nanoparticles were confirmed by characterization techniques. The synthesized nanoparticles were further evaluated by encapsulating methods to study their viability and stability for treating effluents. The solids and toxic compounds concentrations were decreased in the effluents due to the immobilized silica nanoparticles treatment. The studies revealed 80% decolourisation efficiency for encapsulated native silica nanoparticles. Thus the present study suggests the use of immobilized silica nanoparticles in the form of encapsulation as a suitable technique to decolourise textile effluent by its adsorbent and decolourisation properties.

Effective use of unique structural and electronic properties of UV light has made more researchers extremely involved for photocatalytical systems. The synthesis of CeO2 nanoparticle (NPs) has been successfully achieved by using Cardiospermum halicacabum L leaf Extract. The nanoparticle was characterized by High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) with elementary dispersive X-ray (EDX), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), XRD analysis, FT-IR, FT-Raman, photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and UV–Vis DRS. This plant extract CeO2 nanopartricles has high photocatalytic activity of Rh B dye that of chemical method CeO2 nanopartricles and at various parameters was reported. Mineralization of dyes is confirmed by measurements of chemical oxygen demand. The reaction of this nanoparticle was described as a feasible mechanism. This catalyst was found to be stable and reusable. This nanoparticle has electrochemical activity showed highest activity by bio synthesis of CeO2 nanoparticle compared that of chemical synthesis CeO2 nanoparticle was reported in this article.

Aluminium metal matrix composites with hybrid reinforcement were known for its superior performance and has its application as light weight material in all industries viz., aerospace, automobile, medical military and construction sector. In order to expand its usages and advantages further, investigation was carried on Surface Roughness of Al7050 metal matrix reinforced with Titanium Carbide (4, 8, 12% wt) and Boron Nitride (2, 3, 4% wt) fabricated through compo-casting process. Milling operation was performed on Al7050 (TiC/BN) composite as work piece and the effect of speed (500 – 1500 rpm) and feed rate (100 – 300 mm/min) on surface roughness was measured using potable surface roughness tester. The ANOVA results reveal that TiC has high substantial influence on surface roughness followed by speed of cut and feed rate while BN has less significance. The relationship between process parameters and surface roughness is established through regression equation developed using Minitab 13.

Neem extract coated iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and investigated for the removal of chromium ions from aqueous solution. The crystallite size of the nanoparticles has been found to be 13.4 nm. FTIR analyses confirmed the occurrence of alcoholic and phenolic groups of the neem extract in the synthesized nanoparticles. Additionally, the TGA analysis helped in estimating the percentage of organic capping in the nanoparticles. Further, SEM analyses were carried out to understand the morphology and dispersion of nanoparticles before and after adsorption. The temperature studies established the likelihood of chemical adsorption based on the endothermic nature of adsorption. The batch experiments were conducted to understand the influence of concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and temperature on adsorption efficiency. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity obtained from the Langmuir model was found to be 66.2 mg/g. The results of the pseudo second order model revealed the rapid adsorption kinetics with 50% of adsorption occurring in the first 20 min.

The bedridden and physically disabled person is unable to move from their bed and they need a caretaker to take care of them or to assist them in this work. They are in the situation of spending more money on the caretaker. Thus, a design solution is proposed to help bedridden patients in their defecation activities. This design helps people, by giving them ease to pass their excreta by sitting on a specially designed bed. The control of the machine lies with the person lying on the bed. On switching ON the machine, the headrest rises and the leg rest lowers. This gives a sitting comfortable position for the patient to carry out the defecation. Along with that movement, the door on the bed opens and the basin set-up fixed under the cot moves sideward till it covers the bed opening. After the completion of the process, the person confirms and makes the next move by pressing the actuation button. When it is pressed, the flush is done and the waste is then transferred to the outlet which is connected to the toilet drainage. The machine has an inlet where the water supply enters the basin. After the flushing of the toilet, a forced water supply from the machine sprays the water to clean the patient’s back. The whole mechanisms are to be controlled by an Arduino controller board and limit switches.

The work deals with the mechanical characterization of Kenaf and Kevlar fiber reinforced epoxy-based composites. The tensile, flexural, double shear, impact, hardness and de-lamination tests were conducted on composite laminates developed through hand lay-up process. Morphological analysis was conducted to examine the split surface of the tested specimen. The experimental investigation reveals that the mechanical properties of epoxy composites were enhanced by the hybridization of Kenaf and Kevlar fiber.

Data sanitization process is employed to market the sharing of transactional databases among organizations and businesses, and alleviates concerns for people and organizations regarding the disclosure of sensitive patterns sanitization process converts the source database into a released database so that unauthorized person cannot identify the sensitive patterns and so data confidentiality is maintained using association rule mining method. This process strongly relies on the minimizing the impact of knowledge sanitization on the info utility by minimizing the amount of lost patterns within the sort of non– sensitive patterns which are not mined from sanitized database. This study proposes a knowledge sanitization algorithm to cover sensitive patterns within the sort of frequent item sets from the database while controlling the impact of sanitization on the data utility using estimation of impact factor of every modification on non-sensitive item sets. In some applications like market basket analysis, Association Rule Mining (ARM) has recently gained more attention in businesses where the regularities within the customer purchasing behavior are found. On the other hand, these discovered patterns may pose a threat to the privacy of data holder; therefore, these patterns should be hidden before data sharing in such a way that the adversaries cannot discover the regularities in customer purchasing behavior.