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ABSTRACTThe microstructural evolution of an overaged Cu-4wt-%Ti alloy associated with surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) has been studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that β-Cu4Ti precipitates in the topmost surface layer were dissolved after SMAT, and Cu solid solution phase with a fine grain size of approximately 25 nm was observed. Dislocation activities were the main deformation mechanism of lamellar structure in the overaged Cu–4wt-%Ti alloy. The twinning in lamellar Cu phase was inhibited by the β-Cu4Ti precipitates.