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This study was conducted for carbon-contained cement raw meal pellets from an actual production facility, and on heat transfer, particle cracking and the reaction process of the material balls under high temperatures. Reasonable process parameters and significant conclusions were obtained. The results suggested that (1) the residence time of materials in the preheating process should be controlled within approximately 300 s; (2) the preheating exhaust gas temperature should be controlled at 600°C, which should be conducive to reducing a large number of broken pellets; (3) higher temperatures, smaller particle sizes and greater gas velocity were helpful to a higher weight-loss ratio and an overall reaction rate; (4) pulverized coal combustion took longer time than limestone decomposition above 900°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation shows that tumblebug's elytra are a kind of chitin fibre reinforced biocomposite. In the biocomposite, the chitin fibres possess a laminated microstructure and distribute in a kind of particular helicoidal pattern. More careful observation indicates that there is a kind of fibre helicoidally rounding hole in the elytra. Based on the SEM observation, a kind of composite laminate with biomimetic fibre helicoidally rounding hole was fabricated through a special mould and moulding process. The extrusion strength of the biomimetic fibre helicoidally rounding hole was investigated and compared with that of the conventional drilling hole in the composite laminate. It is shown that the extrusion strength of the biomimetic fibre helicoidally rounding hole is markedly larger than that of the conventional drilling hole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]