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In recent years, 3D printing has been more and more used in the development of buildings and building elements. Mostly-printed structures are subjected to compression that is oriented perpendicular to the layer laying direction. When applying load in this way, the printed structure exhibits characteristics similar to masonry structures. However, as the technology and application of 3D printing develop, the structures also become more complicated and subjected not only to direct compression but other stresses as well. In this paper, long-term properties together with compressive strength were determined for 3D-printed specimens with load applied in the same direction as the layers are laid. The long-term and mechanical properties were compared with cast same-composition specimens. Results show that for the printed specimens, the compressive strength was more than two times lower than cast specimens, while the creep properties were slightly lower for the printed specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, geopolymer concrete has often been viewed as an alternative to traditional concrete. Although its comparatively lower production of greenhouse gas emissions during a lifecycle is usually mentioned at the top of the list of benefits, the possibility of using various waste materials in its production is a clear advantage as well. This literature review summarizes and analyses the existing information on the different available construction wastes for the production of geopolymer and foamed geopolymer concrete and analyzes the curing conditions, constituents in the aluminosilicate precursor, mechanical properties, and the activator type. As part of the literature review, the use of autoclaved aerated concrete and brick wastes has been evaluated. Autoclaved concrete has been chosen because it is a typical low-strength, cement-based construction material and demolition waste that is currently disposed of in landfills, making it quite a challenge for direct use as a supplementary cementitious material. On the other hand, brick waste, one of the most common construction wastes, can be feasibly used in the form of brick dust. This literature review uses data from randomly selected studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, 3D printing has been more and more used in the development of buildings and building elements. Mostly-printed structures are subjected to compression that is oriented perpendicular to the layer laying direction. When applying load in this way, the printed structure exhibits characteristics similar to masonry structures. However, as the technology and application of 3D printing develop, the structures also become more complicated and subjected not only to direct compression but other stresses as well. In this paper, long-term properties together with compressive strength were determined for 3D-printed specimens with load applied in the same direction as the layers are laid. The long-term and mechanical properties were compared with cast same-composition specimens. Results show that for the printed specimens, the compressive strength was more than two times lower than cast specimens, while the creep properties were slightly lower for the printed specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, geopolymer concrete has often been viewed as an alternative to traditional concrete. Although its comparatively lower production of greenhouse gas emissions during a lifecycle is usually mentioned at the top of the list of benefits, the possibility of using various waste materials in its production is a clear advantage as well. This literature review summarizes and analyses the existing information on the different available construction wastes for the production of geopolymer and foamed geopolymer concrete and analyzes the curing conditions, constituents in the aluminosilicate precursor, mechanical properties, and the activator type. As part of the literature review, the use of autoclaved aerated concrete and brick wastes has been evaluated. Autoclaved concrete has been chosen because it is a typical low-strength, cement-based construction material and demolition waste that is currently disposed of in landfills, making it quite a challenge for direct use as a supplementary cementitious material. On the other hand, brick waste, one of the most common construction wastes, can be feasibly used in the form of brick dust. This literature review uses data from randomly selected studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]