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• APTES and DETA were used for cationic modification of vermiculite. • Cationic modification vermiculite was positively charged in solution with PH <9.74. • Sporosarcina pasteurii was tightly adsorbed on the carrier due to the Coulomb force. • MICP treatment technology was applied to coarse sand reinforcement. To address the challenge of low binding strength and inefficient adsorption between mineralized bacteria carrier and microorganisms., this study aims to develop a novel immobilized carrier (Vermiculite/AP-DE) by modifying the surface of carrier with cationic modified material 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), and diethylenetriamine (DETA). The negatively charged Sporosarcina pasteurii (S.p) can be tightly adsorbed onto the carrier's surface through the Coulomb force, thereby improving the efficiency of microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP). The FT-IR results and Zeta points analysis show that —NH 2 group was successfully introduced, and the carrier has a positive charge in the solution when pH < 9.74. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and Thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) results show that Vermiculite/AP-DE can tightly adsorb a large amount of microorganisms, and the calcite formation reached 30.5 % after MICP treatment, which is three times higher than traditional grouting materials. Sand reinforcement tests demonstrated that Vermiculite/AP-DE& S.p, as grouting material, exhibits a repair effectiveness on large-pore sand that surpasses traditional methods by more than threefold. This study provides a novel solution for MICP consolidation of coarse sand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Experimental investigation of wetting behaviour in Cu-In alloy is carried out. • Studies based on scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy are carried out to identify wetting behaviour. • Indium seems to considerably affect the wetting transition at triple grain junction. This work investigates Cu-In alloy at 15% indium for wetting behaviour after heat treatment at 800 ⁰C. The system is observed to show wetting behaviour at triple junction (grain junction) through Scanning electron microscope imaging. It is observed in energy dispersive spectroscopy that after annealing, increased segregation of indium near triple junction is responsible for this wetting behaviour. The current work is critical to development of advanced materials with better mechanical characteristics at high temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Sensing capability of PLA-nanofiber reinforced PCL composite-based smart porous scaffolds for online health monitoring. • Fused filament fabrication parameters for maximizing yield stress. • Simulated return loss , specific absorption ratio, and resonance frequency for PCL and PCL composites. In the past, studies were reported on polycaprolactone (PCL) and polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibers (NF)-based scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. But hitherto, little has been reported on the sensing capability of PLA-NF reinforced PCL composite (PPNC)-based smart porous scaffolds for online health monitoring (OHM) of joint strains/ tendon tears/ contusions/ rhabdomyolysis, etc. In this study, smart porous scaffolds (SPS) were fabricated by fused filament fabrication (FFF) using PPNC for OHM (of joint strains/ tendon tears/ contusions/ rhabdomyolysis, etc.) with tuneable sensing and mechanical properties. The results suggest that FFF parameters, zigzag fill pattern, 0.20 mm layer thickness, and 80 % infill percentage are the best-predicted settings for maximum yield stress (σ ymax) of SPS. Further, a vector network analyzer was used to ascertain the sensing capability of SPS. The resonance frequency (R f) for PCL (virgin) and PPNC with minimum yield stress (σ ymin) and σ ymax were observed as 2.3021, 2.6008, and 2.4315 GHz respectively. The simulated return loss (S 11) , specific absorption ratio (SAR), and R f for PCL (−10.7593 dB, 0.977 W/kg, and 2.6450 GHz), PPNC with σ ymin (−10.5737 dB, 1.437 W/kg and 2.3400 GHz) and PPNC with σ ymax (−10.9429 dB, 1.155 W/kg and 2.5050 GHz) indicate that experimental data is in good co-relation with the observed values. The results are supported by a scanning electron microscope and differential scanning calorimetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Investigate the influence of Cu interlayer on of DB IN718/SS-304L interface. • Cu interlayer significantly reduced the formation of IMCs and carbides. • Joint strength of 143 MPa was achieved without Cu interlayer. • Joint strength was improved by 134% using Cu interlayer. • Microhardness was reduced by 17% with the Cu interlayer. Diffusion bonding (DB) of AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel (SS-304L) and Inconel 718 with and without Cu interlayer was performed at 950 °C for 90 min under vacuum of 8x10−2 MPa. The resulting mechanical, microstructural, and compositional analyses of the bonded interfaces were analyzed using lap shear and microhardness tests, optical and scanning electron microscopes (OM and SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscope (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was observed that the bonding interface without Cu interlayer was comprised of TiC, NbC, Mn 23 C 7 , Cr 23 C 6 , Cr 3 C 2 , μ-phase (Fe 2 Nb), NiTi 2 , and FeTi. However, these carbides and intermetallic compounds (IMCs) were eliminated with the insertion of the Cu interlayer. This enhanced the joint strength from 143 to 334 MPa and reduced the interfacial hardness by 17 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Highest nanoindentation strain rate reported on a polymer: 103 s−1. • Nanoindentation and micropillar compression of SU-8 polymer from 10-3 to 103 s−1. • Novel nanoindentation protocol to obtain reliable modulus and hardness at 103 s−1. • High strain rate properties of SU-8 reported for first time. In situ micropillar compression and nanoindentation were performed on photolithographically fabricated SU-8 polymer inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM), covering seven orders of strain rates from 10-3 to 103 s−1. The extracted mechanical properties – modulus, hardness, yield strength, strain rate sensitivity (SRS) exponent – were systematically compared from both microscale tests and showed excellent agreement. No change in deformation mechanism was observed at high strain rates. We report a novel experimental protocol for high strain rate nanoindentation, comprising of input profile smoothing, that minimizes resonance amplitude during unloading and allows reliable extraction of modulus and hardness using standard Oliver-Pharr analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of mechanical properties of SU-8 beyond 1 s−1 strain rate using nanoindentation based tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The salycilic acid-loaded GELMA microneedles were fabricated using DLP 3D printing technology. • The release of salicylic acid from the GELMA microneedles can be controlled in vitro conditions. • The salicylic acid-loaded GELMA microneedles may be a good candidate for plant diseases. In this research, gelatin methacryloyl (GELMA) was used as a matrix material to obtain microneedles (MNs), and salicylic acid (SA) was added to this solution to investigate the release behavior of the SA from the needles. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that the uniform conical shape of MN structures was observed. According to the compression test results, MNs could penetrate deeply into plant tissue without breaking due to their practical toughness. The release behavior of the SA was carried out in vitro conditions and completed in 24 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Ag-nanosphere in aqueous solution was transferred to nonaqueous solution. • Covalent bond increased transfer efficiency significantly over physical bond. • Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy sensor was based on transferred Ag-nanosphere. • The sensor detected rhodamine 6G in nonaqueous solution down to 1 × 10−14 M. Effective phase transfer of Ag-nanospheres (AgNSs) was achieved through molecular interactions, rendering them interfacially compatible with various organic chemicals. This transfer was confirmed by distinct color changes and scanning electron microscope images, and the transferred AgNSs were employed as substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), enabling the sensitive detection of rhodamine 6G molecules dispersed in nonaqueous solutions. Notably, this detection capability extended to concentrations as low as 1 × 10−14 M. These findings underscore the potential of phase transferred AgNSs as versatile SERS substrates for sensitive chemical sensing in nonaqueous environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Titanium-based amorphous composite coatings were prepared by plasma spraying. • The increase of Sn content leads to the decrease of amorphous phase. • Non-crystalline phase decreases, coating corrosion resistance declines. Ti 50 Cu 35-X Ni 15 Sn X (X = 5,6,7, wt%) Ti-based amorphous composite coatings were prepared on TA1 by atmospheric plasma spraying. The phase and microstructure were analysed by X-ray diffractometerand scanning electron microscope. The obtained cross-section image of the titanium-based amorphous composite coating confirmed the successful preparation of the amorphous coating. The phase analysis results indicated that an increase in Sn content resulted in a decrease in the amorphous content of the coating. The electrochemical results revealed a significant improvement in the corrosion resistance of the coating compared to the TA1 substrate, consequently enhancing the service life of the electronic material. When the Sn content was 5 wt%, the minimum current density of the coating reached 8.62 × 10-6 A/cm2, and the corrosion rate was 16 times lower than that of the TA1 substrate. As the Sn content increased, the current density of the coating increased from 8.62 × 10-6 A/cm2 to 5.08 × 10-5 A/cm2. Overall, the corrosion resistance of the coating exhibited a downward trend. This observation could be attributed to the decrease in amorphous content caused by the higher Sn content, resulting in a reduction in the corrosion resistance of the coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• There is an inhibition efficiency limitation of BTA towards 20SiMn steel in 3.5 wt% NaCl with the increasing concentration. • The chemisorption of BTA through N-Fe bond on the surface of 20SiMn steel is responsible for the inhibition effect of BTA. • The limitation of inhibition efficiency is the result of the unchanged DOS of Fe atom and Fe(1 1 0) surface. The inhibition effect of benzotriazole (BTA) with the increase of concentration for 20SiMn steel in 3.5 wt% NaCl solutions was investigated by electrochemical methods, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Density Functional Theories(DFT). Results indicate that BTA could suppress the corrosion of 20SiMn steel through chemisorption but with a limited inhibition efficiency (around 60%). DFT calculated results show that the chemisorption of BTA has noticeable effects on the charge distribution of the whole BTA molecule, as well as that of N atom which bonds with Fe atom, but has little influence on those of Fe atom in N-Fe bond and Fe(1 1 0) surface where BTA molecules adsorb. The DFT calculated Density of States (DOS) peaks of N atom in N-Fe and those of BTA molecule become lower after the adsorption, and the location of DOS peaks move far away from the Femi surface, implying a more stable structure. As to Fe atom in N-Fe bond and Fe(1 1 0) surface, neither height nor locations of the DOS peaks change,which is crucial for losing electrons of metallic matrix and thus responsible for the limitation of BTA inhibition effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Anti-bacterial properties of anthracite/CuO nanocomposites is investigated. • CuO nanoparticles were deposited using chemical bath deposition technique. • A perfectly homogeneous distribution of CuO on anthracite particles was attained. • Anthracite/CuO nanocomposite particles showed a promising anti-bacterial response. This paper investigates the antibacterial properties of anthracite/CuO composites. CuO nanoparticles were synthesized and deposited on anthracite particles by chemical bath deposition method. Structural and phase characteristics of synthesized nanoparticles were investigated by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results showed that the proposed synthesis method ended up in a homogeneous distribution of CuO nanoparticles, anchored over anthracite particles. Synthesized anthracite/CuO composite showed promising antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• FDM of Bronze (Bz) particle reinforced Polylactic Acid (PLA) composites. • DF, MRR, HC, XRD and TW analysis on 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mm drilled specimen and tool. • In HC analysis, FDM of hole of less than 1 mm is not a wise decision. • Higher MRR of 1.2154 mm3/min with 33% DF is obtained at E27 (3000 rpm, 0.3 mm/min). • Cutting speed and feed rate influence the DF and the hole's circumference. This study focused on the drilling characteristics of polymeric composite filaments containing 12% bronze and are hot extruded under FDM conditions. The bronze 90 nm particle size was added with PLA matrix and extruded at 65°C to form a 1.25 mm diameter 3D filament mix and it was printed. A CNC micro drilling machining operation was carried out using tungsten carbide tooling with 45° flute angle by varying the diameter by 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mm respectively. Micro hole characteristics of printed blends were measured using an L27 orthogonal array, and the characteristics of the hole after drilling was measured using a scanning electron microscope. Experiments have shown that the delamination zone is affected by cutting speed and feed when measuring composite samples, and the hole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• SSG significantly affects the microstructural characteristics of EVA foam. • A unique two-phase structure forms on the cell wall of EVA/SSG foam. • The change of microstructure affects the deformation mode of the composite foam. In previous study, a novel composite foam that possesses cushioning properties is developed by incorporating shear stiffening gel (SSG) into Ethylene-vinyl (EVA) foam. In this work, uniaxial compression is used to obtain the mechanical properties of the proposed material under static loading. The test results demonstrate the additive SSG could effectively enhance the energy absorption capacity. With the aid of in-situ Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), two characteristics, the homogeneous microstructural morphology and phase separation between SSG and EVA, are found that played dominant roles in the improvement of cushioning properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel cellulose nanoparticle was prepared by in-situ reaction method. • The cellulose nanoparticle was grafted with epoxy resin E44. • The size of cellulose nanoparticle was about 50 to 100 nm. • CNP-g-E44 exhibited good strengthening and toughening effects simultaneously. To improve the mechanical properties of epoxy resin (EP), cellulose nanoparticles (CNP)/EP composites were prepared using an in-situ reaction method. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that cellulose nanocrystalline (CNC) decomposed into CNP in the reaction, and grafted with epoxy resin E44. Environmental scanning electron microscope analysis showed that the CNP had good interfacial compatibility and dispersion in the EP. TEM analysis showed that the CNC decomposed into CNP during the process of copolymerization with epoxy resin E44, and the size of the CNP was around 50–100 nm. With the addition of 0.3 wt% CNC, the tensile strength of the CNP/EP composite film increased by 24%, the tensile modulus increased by 26%, the elongation at break increased by 61%, and tensile toughness increased by 101%. Therefore, in this work, we presented a novel cellulose nanoparticle to simultaneously strengthen and toughen epoxy resin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The size of the prisms changes with the distance from the shell's edge. • On MDF most of the misorientation maxima concentrates in this same place. • There are strictly defined set of preferred mutual orientations of grains. Microstructure studies of various classes of materials show the presence of a strictly defined order. The basic structural elements, crystallites of the same or different phases, strive to determine the state with the smallest free energy. This leads to a special mutual misorientation of the neighboring grains. In the frame of the research electron backscatter diffraction in scanning electron microscope was used to characterize the crystallographic relationships in calcitic prismatic lamellas forming the outside part of the shell of Pinctada margaritifera. Occurrence of boundaries with specific orientation relationship, preferred by a given material was confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• YSZ and Ti6Al4V were successfully brazed using an N-Cu foam as the interlayer. • The shear strength of joints was improved by 83.1% when N-Cu foam was introduced. • The 3D structure and secondary phases could relieve the residual stress in the joint. This paper introduces a novel method to moderate the residual stress in a YSZ/Ti6Al4V alloy by using novel CuO nanostructure reinforced Cu foam (N-Cu foam) interlayer. The microstructure of the CuO nanostructure reinforced Cu foam interlayer and the achieved brazing joint is characterised via scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is found that nano-CuO structures can be successfully fabricated on the skeleton of the Cu foam and the 3D porous structure of which survives after the brazing process. The achieved brazing seam mainly consists of Ag solid solution (Ag(s,s)), Cu solid solution (Cu(s,s)) and fine Ti 3 Cu 3 O secondary phases, which is found to be beneficial to release the thermal stress. The strength of the joint achieved with an N-Cu foam interlayer is 95.6 MPa, which is 83.1% higher than the joints brazed without interlayers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Micro-crystals of Ag 2 O 2 were grown by a pin-to-solution air plasma electrolysis. • Ag 2 CO 3 nano-spheres on Ag 2 O 2 micro-crystals were composited. • Reduction of Ag+ to Ag by inert gas plasmas is inhibited in the air plasma. In this paper, a cathode-plasma electrolysis setup with atmospheric pressure pin-to-solution electrical discharge in air and AgNO 3 aqueous solution is used. The experiment shows that a black powder is generated at the plasma-solution interface. Through X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), the black powder is found to be Ag 2 O 2 combined with a small amount of Ag 2 CO 3. Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images reveal that the powder is a mixture of sub-micrometer (>200 nm) Ag 2 O 2 polygonal particles and Ag 2 CO 3 nano-spheres of <70 nm diameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Fluorine-free superhydrophobic coatings have been prepared successfully. • The superhydrophobic surface exhibits excellent abrasion resistance. • The superhydrophobic surface exhibits efficient oil-water separation ability. Superhydrophobic coatings have been prepared in this work by spraying toluene solution with different ratios of grafted epoxy resin and hydrophobic silica nanoparticles. Characterization by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, water contact angle techniques indicates that grafting with octadecylamine can effectively improve the hydrophobic property of epoxy resin with WCAs as high as 101.6 ± 3.1°, and that addition of SiO 2 nanoparticles makes the superhydrophobic coatings of SiO 2 /grafted epoxy resin feasible provided that the weight percentage of SiO 2 is over 35%. Moreover, the nanocomposite coatings exhibit good abrasion resistance as verified by the abrasion tests. Finally, the superhydrophobic coating is utilized to fabricate a superhydrophobic stainless-steel mesh on which the oil/water separation can be achieved with high efficiency and low cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Observation of the hybrid plasmon emission from the double metallic structure. • Explanation of the hybrid plasmonic effect based on the numerical simulation. • Hybrid plasmonic intensity depends on the excitation position and the geometry. • Plasmonic emission of the double metallic structure is wavelength dependent. Bullseye nanostructures with different central disk diameters and numbers of concentric rings have been fabricated in Au/Ag metallic films on glass substrates by focused ion beam milling. The Au/Ag bimetallic nanoresonator is expected to provide chemical stability and outstanding plasmonic property. A novel hybrid plasmonic emission has been observed by cathodoluminescence in the scanning electron microscope. It is found that the hybrid plasmon amplitude of the bullseye structure highly depends on the excitation position. The plasmonic intensity is the maximum when the beam is located at the edge of the central disk, and it can be tuned by selecting the disk size and the number of grooves. Additionally, the finite element simulation reveals that the bimetallic bullseye structure strongly confines the optical radiation, and the electric field distribution directly relates to the emission wavelength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • C 4 H 4 O 6 KNa·4H 2 O is used as a chelating agent to prepare Ni 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 (OH) 2. • NCA prepared from this precursor shows excellent electrochemical properties. • This synthetic approach is more cost-effective and environment-friendly. Abstract A spherical LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 (NCA) cathode material is synthesized from the precursor Ni 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 (OH) 2 obtained through a co-precipitation method using potassium sodium tartrate for the first time as a chelating agent. X-ray diffraction analysis proves that the as-prepared NCA is a hexagonal phase with perfectly ordered layered structure. Scanning electron microscope study shows that the morphology and size of NCA remain nearly the same as those of the precursor. Clear crystal lattice fringes arranged along the (0 0 3) plane can be found in transmission electron microscope images. The NCA material exhibits excellent electrochemical properties with initial charge/discharge capacities of 245.6/204.4, 201.2/196.3, 189.0/182.2 and 177.3/171.4 mAh·g−1 at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 C , respectively, and charge/discharge capacity retentions of 91.9%/91.5% after 100cycles at 0.5 C in the voltage range of 2.8–4.3 V (vs. Li/Li+). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Spherical g-C 3 N 4 doped MnS material is synthesized by sol gel technique. • Delivers a high specific capacitance of 463.32 F g−1 at the scan rate of 10 mV s−1. • The capacity retention of 98.6% is observed at 2000 cycles. • Improved electrochemical performance would be achieved by spherical morphology and doping. Abstract Graphitic carbon nitride doped Manganese sulfide (g-C 3 N 4 doped MnS) nanoparticles are synthesized by Sol-gel technique and its structural and supercapacitive behavior are studied. X-ray diffraction pattern and Raman spectra results confirm the presence υ-MnS phase. Scanning and Transmission electron microscope image reveals the formation of spherical morphology with an average diameter of the particle is around 40 nm. g-C 3 N 4 doped MnS electrode exhibits excellent supercapacitive behavior. The material delivers a high specific capacitance of 463.32 F g−1 at the scan rate of 10 mV s−1 and 98.6% specific capacitance retained after 2000 cycles. The existence of spherical morphology and doping of graphitic carbon nitride, facilitate the electron transport and improves the structural stability of the material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new strategy is developed to modify the nickel foam. • The selection of coating materials is developed. • Coating Li 3 PO 4 on surface of nickel foam enhances the uniformity of deposition. Herein, two coating amorphous Al 2 O 3 and Li 3 PO 4 with different properties were firstly demonstrated for Li/Nickel Foam (Li/NF) composite anode via atomic layer deposition (ALD) method to form a free-standing Li host material for dendrite-free Li anode. Impedance test shows that Li nucleates easily on Li 3 PO 4 surface compared with NF and Al 2 O 3 surface. Significantly, scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation of tracing the same site shows that a large number of lithium dendrites were deposited on NF and Al 2 O 3 surface, while no dendrite growth was observed on Li 3 PO 4 surface. The test of cells shows that Li@Li 3 PO 4 @NF anode presents better cycling stability and rate capability. Li 3 PO 4 reduces the nucleation overpotential and the surface energy barrier, which can increase the overall surface lithiophilic, so that the entire surface is deposited uniformly. This work promotes the uniform deposition of lithium and sheds light on the development of ultrastable lithium metal anode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Incorporation of activated dolomite to enhance the photocatalytic activity of self-cleaning cement. • Comparison of performance of lab prepared and commercially available self-cleaning cement. • Reusability study to confirm the commercial and field application of the prepared self-cleaning cement. Abstract The present study involves the use of activated dolomite to enhance the photoactivity of self-cleaning cement containing microsized-TiO 2. Two kinds of self-cleaning cement samples with different composition of clinker (white cement), activated dolomite and microsized-TiO 2 were prepared in-house. The prepared cement samples and ingredients were characterized by XRD (X-ray diffraction) patterns, SEM (scanning electron microscopy), BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) analysis and EDS (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). Photocatalytic activity test was performed to evaluate the self-cleaning abilities of the prepared cement samples. The photocatalytic activity test was also repeated for three times to confirm the reusability of the cement samples for commercial and field applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • A facile template-free method was developed to synthesis hollow TiO 2 spheres. • The effects of etching reaction on morphology and structure of TiO 2 spheres were investigated. • The hollow TiO 2 spheres exhibited unique surface assembled with enriched nanothorns. • The hollow TiO 2 spheres showed excellent photocatalytic activity under visible light. Abstract The monodisperse hollow TiO 2 spheres (HTS) were fabricated by facile template-free route involving direct precipitation and etching reaction. Tetrabutyl titanate was used as titanium precursor to form amorphous TiO 2 spheres (ATS) directly in ethanol-acetonitrile mixed solution. Then, the ATS were etched by F− with the protection of PVP to form HTS under hydrothermal reaction conditions. The physical and chemical characterizations of synthesized samples were conducted by SEM, TEM, XRD and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Result showed that morphology and structure of HTS can be easily controlled by adjusting time of etching reaction. The HTS obtained by etching for 4 h exhibited good hollow structure with unique shell assembled with enriched nanothorns, and it possessed good photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Syntheses of TlGaSSe single crystal for photo-device as a first time. • Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image shows that TlGaSSe has multilayers structure. • The external quantum efficiency value is found ∼193% at 10 μW cm−2 light intensity. • The values of detectivity are 4.41 × 1011 and 8.48 × 1010 Jones at 10 and 1000 μW cm−2. • TlGaSSe crystals is a good contender for visible light photodetector. Abstract Herein, we present the results of high-performance visible light photodetector fabricated from the grown TlGaSSe single crystal for the first time. The growth direction was found to be (1 0 0) and layered structure was confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrograph. The photocurrent observed to be increased with increasing the light intensity and voltage. The photo responsitivity (R), detectivity (D) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) were studied for the fabricated device. The maximum value of R is found to be ∼980 mA V−1. The D value shows a decrease with increasing the light intensity and found in a range of 4.41 × 1011 to 8.48 × 1010 Jones. Further, the maximum value of EQE was found ∼193% at a light intensity of 10 μW cm−2. Photoswitching behavior of the device was also studied and displayed that the ratio of on and off photo values ∼45:100. The values of growth and decay time were found to be ∼218 and 185 ms, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Grain boundary α did not always maintain a BOR with one of adjacent prior β grains. • Low-angle β/β boundaries can be passed through by α s plates. • Preferred α s plates may form at α p /β boundary with the similar orientation to the α p. Abstract Effect of boundary (β/β and α/β boundary) on the α phase precipitation in a near-α titanium alloy had been statistically investigated. The result shows that most grain boundary α (GBα) precipitates maintain a Burgers orientation relationship (BOR) with one of adjacent prior β grains. However, in some unique cases, the GBα did not maintain a BOR with either prior β grains due to preferential growth of equiaxed primary α (α p). It was also observed that the low-angle β/β boundaries can be passed through by secondary α (α s). Additionally, when an α p grain and an adjacent β grain have a near BOR, the preferred α s may form at α p /β boundary with the similar orientation to the α p due to low interfacial energy of low-angle α p /α s boundary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pure and Bi doped ZnO thin films prepared by Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) method. The structural analysis shows that prepared films are polycrystalline in nature with preferential orientation along (1 0 0), (0 0 2) and (1 0 1) planes. Scanning electron microscope shows the morphological changes of the films with respect to increase in doping concentration. The average optical absorption value of all films was in the near visible range and the band gap of the films varies from 3.21 to 3.17 eV. The gas sensing study shows a maximum response of the films at 1000 ppm of ethanol was found to be around 60% with an operating temperature of 400 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of Al 2 O 3 on the oxidation behavior of SiC f /(SiC + B 4 C) composite materials at 1200 °C in O 2 /H 2 O (40/60) atmosphere was studied employing Scanning Electron Microscope, X-ray Diffraction and Material Universal Testing Machine. Results showed that Al 2 O 3 could impede the crystallization of oxide (cristobalite) during cooling, and lead to a dense and smooth oxidized layer. Furthermore, the strength retention rate increases from 70.44 to 85.94% with Al 2 O 3 after oxidization for 200 h. The above results are attributed to high viscosity and low reaction activity with steam of the aluminosilicates melt. Therefore, Al 2 O 3 can significantly improve the oxidation resistance of SiC f /(SiC + B 4 C) composites in O 2 /H 2 O atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hierarchical SbPO 4 flower-like microspheres (SbPO 4 FM) have been successfully prepared by a facile solvothermal method. The XRD, TEM, SEM and BET techniques were adopted to inspect the obtained SbPO 4 products. Experimental results indicated that the as-prepared SbPO 4 flower-like microspheres belonged to a monoclinic phase and were assembled by numerous nanoplates to form hierarchical porous architectures. A self-assembly mechanism accounted for the formation of the as-prepared SbPO 4 flower-like microspheres. Besides, the electrochemical Li-storage property was also investigated as an anode for lithium-ion battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigations are introducing for the first time a facile new trend of applying industrial ultrahigh energy CO 2 -laser (doubly sources) with output of 1650 W as an energetic activator for hydrothermal technique. Fe(II)-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-Octa-ethyl-porphyrinato-coordinated polymeric MOFs were selected as model for application and it was successfully synthesized via high-energy intensive laser assisted in nine minutes only. The laser assisted Fe(II)-MOFs were carefully characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and three dimensional atomic force microscope (3D-AFM). Furthermore BET specific surface area of Fe(II)-MOFs was evaluated and gave promising results of 2743 m 2 /g which is better than some of common iron-MOFs mentioned in literatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Synthesizing VSe 2 via a facile and low-cost one-step hydrothermal process. • Establishing Mg/VSe 2 ion battery with a halogen-free electrolyte. • Structure evolution of VSe 2 at different electrochemical states. Vanadium diselenide (VSe 2) has attracted many qualifications and has been nominated as a promising cathode for magnesium battery application. Herein, VSe 2 nanocomposites are synthesized hydrothermally as a cathode in halogen-free electrolyte (HFE) (0.69 M Mg(NO 3) 2 ·6H 2 O in ACN:G 4 (∼2:1). The full cell of Mg/VSe 2 contains HFE electrolyte provides an initial discharge capacity ∼ 240.8 mAh g−1 at 20 μA cm−2, and a capacity retention capacity of ∼ 50 mAh g−1 after 40 cycles. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Raman spectra, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic discharge are used to investigate the structure, morphology, and Mg ratio evolution of the VSe 2 cathode at different electrochemical states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Gadolinium aluminate particles designed by co-precipitation method with simple operation and low cost. • Gadolinium aluminate particles reached the nano materials level and the morphology was approximately spherical. • Pure gadolinium aluminate nanoparticles optimum technological conditions by co-precipitation method were determined. Gadolinium aluminate was a perovskite rare earth oxide with stable cubic crystal structure and excellent properties in electricity, magnetism, luminescence and catalysis. Gadolinium aluminate nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) as dispersant and ammonia as precipitant. The effects of calcination temperature, dispersant content and mother salt solution concentration on the phase changes and particle morphology of precursors were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope(SEM), etc. The results showed that when the calcination temperature was higher than 800 °C, the precursor recrystallized. Gadolinium aluminate nanoparticles with good dispersion and approximate spherical perovskite structure were synthesized when the concentration of mother salt solution was 0.3 mol/L, the content of dispersant was 2% and calcined at 1100 °C for 2 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Dry milling HA and MgCO 3 results in B-type CHA containing Mg cations. • The selection of MgCO 3 precursor as magnesium and carbonate ions donor for the HA to form CHA containing Mg cations. • The increasing milling time affects the carbonate that enters the HA structure to form CHA. The B-type carbonate hydroxyapatite (CHA) containing Mg cations was synthesized through the dry mechano-milling between Indonesian limestone-based hydroxyapatite (HA) and magnesium carbonate (MgCO 3). The novelty in this research is the selection of MgCO 3 as a precursor that will donate CO 3 2− and Mg2+ to the HA structure to form CHA-containing Mg cations. The crystalline phases and chemical structure of synthesized CHA were studied by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscope, and a particle size analyzer. The feasibility of this work is to be able to produce B-type CHA containing Mg cations that have the potential to be developed for biomaterial application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we present a novel strategy to fabricate high porous fluffy type Poly ( L -lactide) (PLA) nanofibrous scaffold for tissue regeneration. Low-density nanofibrous scaffold was fabricated by electrospinning the blend of PLA and lactic acid (LA), followed by selective leaching of LA. Digital images, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) images, Infra-red (IR) spectra, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves revealed the formation of the low density biomimetic nanofibrous mesh. In vitro cell compatibility results indicated that as-fabricated PLA nanofibrous scaffold enhanced the cell proliferation and growth compared to the corresponding two-dimensional nanofibrous scaffold. Furthermore, confocal microscopy images showed that cells seeded on the fluffy type nanofibrous mesh infiltrated throughout the depth of the scaffold, compared to no penetrating growth for the two-dimensional scaffold. The fabrication of such fascinating materials may provide new insights into the design and development of the low density nanofibrous scaffolds for various tissue engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mesoporous Co 3 O 4 with shape of fans has been successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal approach from cobalt nitrate, urea, gelation and subsequent calcination process. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nitrogen adsorption/ desorption analysis are characterized to demonstrate the crystal structure, morphology, and microstructure of Co 3 O 4 nanofans (Co 3 O 4 NFs). When applied as a gas sensing material, the sensitivity of as-prepared Co 3 O 4 is obviously higher than the Co 3 O 4 nanosheets (Co 3 O 4 NSs).The well gas sensing performances to xylene properties make this mesoporous fan-like Co 3 O 4 be a good candidate for xylene sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, chitosan and lanthanum hydroxide composite aerogel beads were prepared for phosphorus adsorption via co precipitation and supercritical carbon dioxide drying technique. The porous structure of composite aerogel beads was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) measurements. The results showed that the aerogel bead with mass ratio of chitosan to lanthanum chloride 100:50 exhibited a larger surface area of 172.74 m 2 /g and a pore volume of 1.05 cm 3 /g, respectively. Also the phosphorus adsorption kinetics of the aerogel bead showed a faster adsorption rate and the larger adsorption capacity (148.33 mg/g) for phosphorus. In addition, adsorption kinetics model analysis showed that the phosphorus adsorption process fitted both pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this present work, the preparation of partially graphitic nanoporous carbon from biomass (bamboo bagasse) is carried out using potassium ferrocyanide and -KOH as activating agent with controlled temperature and gas flow rates. The physico-chemical properties of biomass-derived graphitic nano-porous carbon were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and electrochemical measurements. It is interesting that the activation with the iron salts plays a significant role in the formation of graphitic structures. The graphitic nanoporous carbonaceous materials show high specific surface area of 1360 m 2  g −1 , low impedance, large pore volume and high specific capacitance. Thus, the iron-catalyzed graphitic carbon is excellent candidate for the supercapacitor applications. This contemporary- novel method to synthesis of nanoporous carbon represents a great potential for apparent and diversified applications in energy storage materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel filter paper (FP) with superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity was prepared via adsorption and immersion process for the separation of surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil emulsions. The realization of superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 153° benefits from the Cu(OH) 2 nanostructure formed on FP and subsequent stearic acid (STA) modification. The three-dimensional network of FP as well as superhydrophobic and superoleophilic property can facilitate the demulsification of emulsified oil, thus the only gravity-driven separations of various water-in-oil emulsions with high oil flux and good recyclability have been achieved. The superhydrophobic FP can be massively applied in emulsion separation due to its facile preparation and superior performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel temperature stable Li 3 Mg 2 NbO 6 -0.1TiO 2 (LMNT) ceramics doped with Li 2 O-B 2 O 3 -Bi 2 O 3 -SiO 2 (LBBS) glass were synthetized by a solid-state route. The sintering temperature of the LBBS glass doped LMNT ceramics can be effectively lowered to 900 °C. The experimental results revealed that the addition of the LBBS glass can assist to improve the Q × f values while shifting the τ f values toward negative direction. Particularly, the 1 wt% of LBBS glass doped LMNT ceramic sintered at 900 °C for 4 h possessed excellent microwave dielectric properties: ε r  = 16, Q × f = 42,648 GHz, τ f  = −1ppm/°C, which is potential for LTCC applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TiO 2 composites are ideal pollution control materials. In this paper, Fe 2 O 3 /TiO 2 film electrodes were prepared by the sol-gel and forced hydrolysis method. The apparent properties and electrochemical properties of the prepared electrodes were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), chronocoulometry and linear sweep voltammetry, and their photoelectrocatalytic properties were investigated under visible light by degradation experiments of Rhodamine B (RhB). The results showed that the particles prepared from 0.1 M Fe(NO 3 ) 3 precursor were completely and uniformly distributed on the film surface. During the degradation experiments, the visible-light response current was 23.4 μA, and the decolorized rate for RhB could be up to 92.3%. The semiconductor heterojunction structure comprised of Fe 2 O 3 and TiO 2 could effectively separate photo-generated electron hole pairs, inhibit their recombination, accelerate interfacial charge transfer, and enhance photocatalytic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we develop a novel method to prepare polyamide-6 (PA6) microspheres with designed morphology. The diameter range of the PA6 microspheres is controlled at 200 nm ∼ 500 nm by adding a certain amount of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant in the polyamide-6/polyethylene glycol (PA6/PEG) system. The key strategy for the method is to induce phase inversion by PEG in the synthesis process. PEG and SDS are removed with water and without any toxicity to environment. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) have confirmed that the PA6 spherical morphologies. The crystallization behaviour of PA6 microspheres is investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). We believe this strategy can be applied to prepare a variety of microspheres materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We reported a synthesis of quaternary B-C-N-O alloys containing boron, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms by using melamine-boric acid adduct colloidal solutions (C 3 N 6 H 6 ·2H 3 BO 3 ) as a precursor via chemical reactions. The nanocrystalline BCNO was observed by scanning electron microscope. Results from X-ray diffraction show a prominent peak at 28.13° for BCNO, indicating the interlayer distance of 0.317 nm. Elemental compositions and chemical bonds of BCNO were verified by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Electrical measurement of BCNO-based field effect transistors gave 0.3 cm 2 V −1 s −1 of charge mobility, 0.77 eV of band gap with 10 5 of on/off ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plastic deformation of biodegradable zinc alloy with 1 wt% of magnesium by hydrostatic extrusion (HE) was performed. The influence of severe plastic deformation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ZnMg was investigated. Cumulative extrusion with total true strain ε = 3.33 was applied to the homogenised material. Microstructure observations carried out using scanning electron microscope (SEM)/ Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) methods, as well as static tensile tests, revealed outstanding results. After the deformation, grain refinement causing substantial strengthening of the material was observed. An average grain size equal to 700 nm and YS = 316 MPa, UTS = 435 MPa with ε f = 35% was obtained. These results indicate that the HE method enables the grain refinement level and mechanical properties of ZnMg to be obtained, which would not be possible with conventional methods of plastic deformation. The properties of the Zn alloy after HE satisfy the requirements for bioresorbable stent applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CoWO 4 microrings assembled by nanorods were synthesized by a simple solvothermal method. The morphology and structure of the as-prepared unique CoWO 4 microrings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM). The as-prepared CoWO 4 sample with abundant active sites demonstrated good catalytic activity for glucose electrooxidation in alkaline solution. CoWO 4 modified glass carbon electrode (CoWO 4 -GCE) exhibited good electro-catalytic performance towards glucose detection, it offered a wider linear range, a low detection limit of 0.27 μM, high selectivity, and long-term operational stability. The results showed the as-prepared CoWO 4 microrings can be utilized to construct an enzyme-free glucose sensor based on GCE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, nanostructured dibasic calcium phosphate (DCP) coating was prepared on the surface of magnesium alloy via hydrothermal method. The nanomorphology of coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the DCP phase of coating. The potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results prove that the nanostructured DCP coating can greatly enhance the anticorrosion performance of AZ31B Mg alloy in PBS solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing technology has been a prevailing method to fabricate components with complex physical geometry or novel structural design. However, original nuclear powder material such as vanadium-based alloy appropriate for SLM processing has yet not been obtained commercially, which significantly restricts the development of nuclear component manufacturing. In this study, near-sphere, uniform and fine V-6Cr-6Ti pre-alloy powder which met the performance demands for SLM processing was successfully obtained by high-energy ball milling. Subsequently, the V-6Cr-6Ti part was fabricated by SLM consolidation of as-prepared pre-alloy powder with double-region orthometric scanning strategy, forming strong texture feature within molten pool. The compression test was performed, showing that the maximum compression stress reached 1078 MPa and the accumulated strain was about 0.32. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc oxide nanorods coated brass wire mesh (BWM) with superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity prepared by electrochemical deposition combined with hydrothermal reaction. The structure properties of the as-prepared mesh were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The as-prepared mesh could be used to separate various oil/water mixtures. After separation, the residual oil in the filtrate was lower than 50 ppm, while the water flux was above 50 L m −2 min −1 . The oil contact angle (CA) underwater could be maintained at 150° above even the separation operation was performed ten times, indicating that the as-prepared brass wire mesh refers to a potential separation material in the practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A facile screen printing is used for diode fabrication. • Optical properties have been investigated for blue LED. • I-V and J-V Characteristics show best Schottky diode behaviour. TiO 2 -CdO composite thick film deposited on Si substrate was characterised for diode applications. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) confirms the existence of anatase phase of TiO 2 and a cubic phase of CdO with a maximum diffraction at (1 0 1) plane. Porous surface morphology was recognized from scanning electron microscope (SEM).The UV–visible spectra have revealed a direct band gap of 3.17 eV while photoluminescence spectra and CIE diagram show blue-green emissions at 2.33 eV. Diode parameters such as ideality factor (n) and barrier height (Φ b) have been calculated with the aid of I-V characteristics. Thus extracted results indicate the suitability of TiO 2 -CdO composite thick films for photovoltaic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Alloy demonstrates Widmanstätten-type structures composed of α and β phases. • Vickers hardness (H V) was measured as 0.40 GPa. • The calculated Young's modulus (E) of the alloy is 33.1 GPa. • Examined alloy is a promising biomaterial due to its low Young's modulus. The structural, morphologic and mechanical characterizations of phase transformations in Ti-18 %Nb-1.4 %Ge were examined. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations revealed Widmanstätten-type structure formation. The measured average Vickers microhardness was found to be H V = 0.40 G P a which agrees well with the recent findings of theoretically investigated Ti-15 %Nb-X%Ge alloys. Calculated Young's modulus (E) value from Vickers hardness yields E = 33.1 G P a where this result suggests satisfactory conformity of the examined alloy as a promising biomaterial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Weaking mechanism of electron beam weld Mo alloy was revealed. • Absence of La 2 O 3 phase promoted the softening of the joint. • MoO 2 phase and high residual stress resulted in weakening of the joint. Electron beam welding of La 2 O 3 dispersion strengthened molybdenum alloy is carried out in this experiment. Optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to study the microstructure of the joint. Microhardness tests and tensile tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the joint. Results show that coarse columnar grains are generated in the weld owing to the absence of the La 2 O 3 strengthening phase. The joint is softened with a mean hardness of 200 HV, lower than 250HV of the base metal. Micro cracks in some grain boundary regions are detected with MoO 2 phase. High residual stress is accumulated in the weld region. Both the generation of the MoO 2 phase and the high stress promotes the weakening of the joint. The strength of the joint is only 54 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Increasing the laser power at a low scan speed improved the corrosion resistance. • Higher laser power sample showed low i corr and high repassivation potential. • Increasing the scan speed increased defects and lowered corrosion resistance. • Pits initiated at melt pool boundaries and by dissolution of cell interiors. • Linking up of dissolved cell interiors possibly caused pit propagation. In this work, the effect of process parameters on pitting corrosion behavior and a detailed study on the pits formed in selective laser melted (SLM) 316L stainless steels in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution were studied. Cyclic polarization (CP) was carried out on the surfaces along the build direction and the pits were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Increasing the laser power improved the corrosion resistance while increasing the scan speed was detrimental to it. It was identified that small pits initiated at melt pool boundaries and through dissolution of cell interiors which then possibly coalesced to form bigger pits with a lacy cover formation. The work hence identifies new possible pit initiation sites in SLM SS316L while performing an in-depth analysis of the morphology to understand possible propagation mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]