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In the present study, copper modified fibreboards were prepared and their existing phase, morphology, and antibacterial behaviour were investigated. The copper content and the physical and mechanical properties of fibreboards (thickness, bending strength, and swelling) were determined. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) showing diffraction peaks typical for cellulose, Cu2S, and Na2SO4, depended on the preparation conditions. The average size of the Cu2S crystals varied between 20 and 50 nm. The morphology of the obtained fibreboards, as well as the size and shape of copper particles, were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transition electron microscopy (TEM). The antibacterial activity was tested against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis 3562) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli K12 407) bacteria. The tests showed that the materials had higher antibacterial activity against E. coli, which depended on their preparation conditions. Based on these results, the obtained copper fibreboards can be used as antibacterial agents in the packaging and building industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]