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Abstract: Hot compression tests of modified 2.25Cr–1Mo steel were conducted on a Gleeble-3500 thermo-mechanical simulator at the temperatures ranging from 1173 to 1473K with the strain rate of 0.01–10s−1 and the height reduction of 60%. Based on the experimental results, an artificial neural network (ANN) model and constitutive equations were developed to predict the hot deformation behavior of modified 2.25Cr–1Mo steel. A comparative evaluation of the constitutive equations and the ANN model was carried out. It was found that the relative errors based on the ANN model varied from −4.63% to 2.23% and those were in the range from −20.48% to 12.11% by using the constitutive equations, and the average root mean square errors were 0.62MPa and 7.66MPa corresponding to the ANN model and constitutive equations, respectively. These results showed that the well-trained ANN model was more accurate and efficient in predicting the hot deformation behavior of modified 2.25Cr–1Mo steel than the constitutive equations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]