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To narrow down the candidates of the alloying element powders for Ti-5Al-1Fe products manufactured with BE/PM, two master alloy powders, atomized spherical 5Al-1Fe and crushed-andground polyhedron 5Al-1Fe-4Ti ternary powders, were investigated with emphasizing on homogeneity of alloying elements, Al and Fe, in sintered Ti-5Al-1Fe. Intense Al segregation is recognized in the sintered specimen manufactured using 5Al-1Fe atomized powders, while strong segregation is not observed in the specimen manufactured using 5Al-1Fe-4Ti crushed-and-ground powders. Density of sintered specimen manufactured using 5Al-1Fe atomized powders is lower than that manufactured using 5Al-1Fe-4Ti crushed-and-ground powders. Al segregation and lower sintered density are probably caused by lower density of the powder substance, high flowability of spherical powders and phase constitutions some of which have low melting points. Those factors have to be taken into account to manufacture sintered titanium alloys with high homogeneity by BE/PM.

This paper shows shortly the designing, optimization and manufacturing process of light and compact, carbon fiber MAV. It also covers testing and results. The main purpose was to make an innovative prototype of UAV which is easy to transport, assembly and carry as much high volume payload as possible. The optimization process started from defining the constrains. To gain information needed to choose the best solution and perform optimization, authors made many tests. The material, which was chosen, had to be as light and durable as possible - this characteristics were later checked in tensile test of carbon fiber samples. The main optimization algorithm do initial research about the rest parameters of aircraft. The point was to narrow the range of analyzed chord’s values and find the best motors. For better performance the original airfoil was developed. It works perfectly in low Reynolds number area and has perfect characteristics for high-lift airfoils, compared to similar. It was later checked in CFD. The special manufacturing process of carbon fiber airplane was designed. After all the construction was tested. The successful flight tests confirmed that design process was appropriate and done well. All theoretical assumptions were also right.

Lean manufacturing system has been infiltrated in manufacturing sectors across the world. In fact, Lean manufacturing system is a practice which regards the use of the resources, creation of value for the end customers, and as the ways to eliminate the waste. There are several tools that can be used to eliminate the waste within the industry. This research is a study of the implementation of 5S in manufacturing industry. Despite this, the research study focused on manufacturing industry, which has been implemented 5S system in Melaka State. Although there are number of tools and technique available to help in improving the manufacturing process, however, there is only few industries could implement the tools successfully. In this research, foreign workers play a main role in implement the 5S systems as the manufacturing industry in Malaysia adopt large amount of foreign workers to work as employees. Therefore, it is important to ensure the foreign workers truly understand the concept of 5S system and adopt the best ways to implement it in order to have better performance. This research study has been proposed by the research model of the barriers to implementation of 5S in manufacturing industry among foreign workers. A several research method has been adopted to do the research, such as descriptive research design with quantitative methods, survey questionnaire and cross-sectional studies.

Current research in the field of building materials is oriented towards the recovery of waste to ensure the lightening of certain building elements and energy saving. The objective of this study is to produce a new bricks by adding sawdust to clay mixtures. The first part of this experimental work consists on detremining the proper manufacturing process and cooking diagram for these new bricks. In the second part, the effect of the maximum cooking temperature, the firing phase time's of the bricks and the sawdust prportion on the physical and mechanical properties of the new bricks have been studied. The studied properties are the absorption ratio, the unit weight and the compressive strength. The results showed that the addition of an increasing amount of sawdust tends to modify the physical and mechanical properties of the cooked samples. The presence of sawdust reduces the number of connections between the clay grains and produces a lighter, more absorbent and less resistant material. Finally, the results showed that the manufacture of bricks based on sawdust is possible.

Aiming at the problem that the manufacturing process of our aerospace products is relatively discrete and the lack of appropriate quality monitoring and feedback mechanism, a method of coding for aerospace product quality DNA was proposed. Based on the structure of biological DNA and the theory of quality assessment, equipment diagnosis and quality traceability, the biological DNA structure was transformed into the structure of aerospace product quality DNA, and the concept of aerospace product quality DNA was defined, including the genetic and variation characteristics of aerospace product quality DNA. The coding rules of aerospace product quality DNA were designed, and the designed encoding rules are applied to the case of welding of wall panels in the manufacturing process of aerospace products. The results show that the coding method can monitor and feedback the core information related to quality in the manufacturing process of aerospace products.

This paper presents the results of software (ANSYS software) improvements specific for modeling the physical process of SLM (Selective Laser Melting). Improvement goal was to create a set of mathematical models and user environment (a set of APDL programs) based on the ANSYS finite element analysis system solver, allowing to perform the technological procedure of physical SLM process numerical modeling to the required degree of precision with an estimate of the final distortion and residual stresses of gas turbine engine parts to optimize the manufacturing process.

CAPP system is the missing link between CAD/CAM system. Two types of operation of CAPP systems can be distinguished. The first one is the backward process planning, where the part is transformed from its ready state to the stock state. The second method is the forward planning, where the stock is transformed into the finished part. Backward process planning allow for the greater degree of automation, but is difficult for the acceptation among the industrial users. One of the problem in the forward process planning is the necessity to use the manufacturing features which do not occur in the finished part, they occur only in the part intermediate states. The paper propose so called virtual manufacturing features to solve this problem.

The motivation behind the development of a new approach to the manufacture of tailored tubes is the need for greater flexibility in the wall thickness variation of semi-finished parts compared with present manufacturing processes. In the so-called Internal Flow-Turning (IFT) process, the wall thickness contour of regular tubes with a uniform wall thickness is adjusted by means of a rolling process employing an innovative roller tool on the inside of the tube and a die on the outside of the tube. The gap between the roller element and the die can be adjusted through the axial infeed of the roller tool. The gap defines the current wall thickness of the tube during the manufacturing process. In this way, the wall thickness contour can be set in a precise manner by varying the gap distance as the tube is being pulled through the die. Besides the possibility of locally adjusting the wall thickness, IFT can also be used to form geometrical rib elements in the radial tube direction by using a radially shaped die. As the material flow in the IFT-process is mainly caused by compressive stress, the grooves of the die can be “filled up” by radial material displacement.

The compound process of hot stamping and solution quenching heat treatment (HFQ®) was utilized to fabricate hard aluminium fairing of high aspect ratio. A simulation model was established by MSC.Marc to optimize the shape and size of the blamk as well as the effects of process parameters, namely, initial temperature, stamping speed, blank holder force (BHF), on extreme final temperature and thickness distribution of formed component were investigated. The reliability of finite element simulation was proved by the hot stamping experiments with self-designed moulds under the optimize process parameters achieved by simulation results. The results indicated that the optimized blank is well deformed without flange wrinkle and broken round; the maximum cooling rate in quenching can inhibite the precipitation when the initial temperature ranges from 350 to 450℃; BHF effects dominated on thickness distribution and 10KN is the most reasonable value under the studied condition while the optimum stamping speed is 100mm•s-1. Compared with the thickness of the stamping trials and numerical simulation, the deviation is less than 3.6%. Furthermore, The desired mechanical property is achieved without significant inhomogeneity.

Additive Manufacturing (AM) surfaces are composed by different textures and high roughness values which tend to limit its functionalities. Laser polishing process is enabling to smooth surfaces by material melting, change surface texture and decrease surface roughness (Sa). Based on a five axes machine, which consist of milling and Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) processes, the machine is additionally integrating laser polishing process on the same architecture. This paper aims at study laser polishing of laser metal deposition of titanium surfaces. LMD of titanium surfaces are composed by chaotic texture directly induced by the physical phenomenon of the process in use. Laser polishing process (LP) has an impact on the final surface regarding a multi-scale approach. The determined operating parameters and path strategy of laser polishing process decreases surface roughness by 78% and allow smoothing the initial chaotic texture. A polished surface roughness of 6.01 μm was obtained from an initial of 27.6μm.

Variation in the scanning strategy for β-type Ti alloys during additive manufacturing (AM) enables the fabrication of a singlecrystal-like microstructure possessing a crystallographic texture, in which the low-Young’s modulus- direction is aligned along a specific direction. Thus, metal biomaterial with low elasticity, comparable to the bone Young’s modulus, can be developed by AM, which will contribute to suppress the stress shielding of bone and prevent degradation of bone tissue anisotropy.

Titanium and its alloys have been applied to motorcycles and automobiles in order to reduce the weight of their component parts. In recent years, titanium exhaust systems, engine valves and connecting rods have been widely applied mainly to sports type or large motorcycles. In addition to Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-Al-Fe alloys which utilize Fe as an inexpensive and a common alloying element are used for engine valves and connecting rods. In exhaust systems, such as mufflers, at first, Gr.2 commercially pure titanium sheets have been mainly used because of their high cold formability. Furthermore, several titanium alloys to which Cu, Al, Si and Nb are added have been actively developed in order to improve strength, creep properties, oxidation resistance and so on at elevated temperatures, as service temperature becomes higher. Also, due to the development of processing technologies, the same methods and processes that are used for manufacturing steel parts have been applied to titanium ones, and the application of titanium has recently been expanded to fracture-split connecting rods and fuel tanks. Newly, titanium foil has been adopted as a separator of PEFC used in fuel cell vehicles from the viewpoints of excellent corrosion resistance and cold formability. As mentioned above, in this presentation, the technical contents of titanium products and parts developed for motorcycles and automobiles are reviewed.

The quality constant for mill knifes used to strip asphalt is significantly influenced by the quality of the reinforcement which, in its turn, is influenced by the thermic brazing process and by manufacturing the protection system at blockage through welding when it spins around its axis. It’s also influenced by the quality of the intelligent wear and blocking self-protection systems that in their turn are influenced by oxidation and diffusion processes of W and C that make simmered carbides from the reinforcement and brazed joints. Overheating during welding and brazing of the knife reinforcement and/or blockage self-protection reinforcement favours the oxidation of the W carbides leading to a fast degradation of the affected zones, even in exploitation. Exceeding optimum temperature during brazing of the reinforcement in the low chromium alloyed steel support leads to Zn evaporation in certain areas from the brazing material and lowers the brazed joint resistance to wear this causes the knife reinforcement to detach from the support. Taking into consideration the above mentioned facts it is recommended that the production stages of the mill knifes are done mechanized and/or automatic constantly monitoring the execution parameters.

Excessive raw materials and products in stock unduly increase an enterprise's overhead. However, insufficient raw materials and products will also influence the efficiency and output of the manufacturing process. Therefore, to largely reduce stock cost and facilitate adequate production for plants with multiple manufacturing processes and warehouses, the adjustment of raw material and products between warehouses is necessary. In addition, in order to keep track of current raw materials and products, remote online monitoring and control of the storage/retrieval system is compulsory. To simplify the search in an AS/BS process, a graph-aided strategy that manually selects the location within the stock map is presented. Moreover, to avoid interference from internet wiring allocation with existing equipment, a wireless storage/retrieval system using the ZigBee module is adopted. Consequently, a prototype of the remote wireless monitoring and control storage/retrieval system for sixteen storage spaces is exemplified.

Generally the displacements of the beams are calculated by the traditional methods of structural mechanics with the help of approximate formulas which provide good results for linear tasks. The author shows that the approximate formula is not suitable for analysis in the case of geometrical nonlinearity which occurs during the manufacturing process of bending developable shells. The comparison of results got by methods of structural mechanics and shell theory for the shells with developable middle surfaces is given.

In the paper, the water meter’s body manufacturing process, in the aspect of its productivity improvement was analyzed. The analysis was focused on the identification of the fundamental problems of manufacturing company, related to the productivity, and subsequently on the ideas of their elimination (alternatively limitation). The paper was focused on the analysis of problems influencing productivity and ideas of their elimination. The experimental research results related to the productivity, generation of production shortages and also the dimensional deviations of the water meter’s body were also presented.

The paper presents the manufacturing process of a complex copper electrode. To process complex copper shapes is difficult because the material is soft and very sticky. The paper presents the steps for processing this copper electrode at a high dimensional accuracy and a good surface quality. For this process a special tooling solution is needed, optimal process parameters, smart CAD/CAM software and precise CNC equipment.

System analysis is used to state links between input and output parameters of any technical system taking into consideration flows of material, energy, and information. This approach makes it possible to find effective ways for improvement of technical system parameters. The paper presents results of system analysis application for multioperational technological process steel sheet of hot rolling. Structural scheme of metal sheet hot rolling process is presented based on principles of system analysis. Hot rolling technological operations such as workpiece heating, hot rolling, cooling, and coiling are presented as subsystems. Due to the obtained schemes metal sheet parameters are stated which have to be controlled during each technological operation of hot rolling technological process. The obtained results can be used as the basics for mathematical modeling of steel sheet hot rolling operation in order to get the final product with the required set of properties.

Health and work efficiency of staff of the enterprise gradually attracted people's attention. The human factor was crucial in the manufacturing process. First establish virtual assembly model through CATIA software. Second use DELMIA software to make the rapid upper limb assessment of human body posture, lifting equation NIOSH to lift frequent location analysis, etc. Improve the unreasonable location for the improvement of human factors engineering to reduce the probability of enterprise staff occupational disease and injury, and eventually improve production efficiency.

The low wind-pressure conductor is a dedicated conductor which obtains low wind resistance coefficient by changing the sectional shape of the conductor and has extensive application prospect in electric power transmission lines in strong wind areas. Previous wind tunnel testing results showed that the wind resistance coefficient in unit length of the low wind-pressure aluminium conductor steel reinforced was obviously lower than that of the conventional aluminium conductor steel reinforced, and the control factors of manufacturing process of the low wind-pressure conductor were proposed. In this paper, the low wind-pressure aluminium conductor steel reinforced JLX1/G1A(DFY)–680/45–338 was designed based on the structure optimization of the conventional aluminium conductor steel reinforced JL/G1A–630/45–45/7, and the service performance study of the conductor was carried out. Results showed that the mechanical properties, electrical properties and construction properties of the low wind-pressure conductor fully satisfied service requirements, and the conductor can be popularized and applied for transmission lines in strong wind areas.

In industry 4.0 environment, intelligent technology is almost applied to all parts of the manufacturing process, such as process design, job shop scheduling, etc.. This paper presents an efficient approach to job shop scheduling actively by using RFID to collect real-time manufacturing data. Identified the workpiece by RFID which needs to be machined, it can “ask for” the resource actively for the following process. With these active asking-for strategy, a double genetically encoded improved genetic algorithm is proposed for achieving active job shop scheduling solution during the actual manufacturing process. A case was used to evaluate its effectiveness. Meanwhile, , it can effectively and actively carry out job shop scheduling and has much better convergence effect comparing with basic genetic algorithm. And the job shop scheduler in management center can use the proposed algorithm to get the satisfied scheduling result timely by reducing waiting time and making begin time earlier during transmission between manufacturing process, which makes the scheduling result feasible and accurate.

Pump as turbine (PAT) is a type of micro hydro power plant, which uses a commercial pump as a turbine in order to generate electricity. Most of PAT facilities used centrifugal pump. The main component of the pump is impeller, which commonly produced by using casting process. However, this paper describes a manufacturing process to produce PAT impeller by using machining process. Four impellers were produced from two variations of materials (brass and AA-7075), each with 5 and 6 blades. The impellers were tested in a laboratory scale PAT power-plant facility, and the performance of each impeller was compared to its original impeller. The experiment results show that the impeller with 6 blades made of brass material improves 48.9% of power generated.

The work represents a new approach of preliminary surface treatment of replaceable polyhedral cutting ceramics inserts for significant increase of adhesion strength with deposited wear-resistant nitride ceramics. By this method the hydrojet treatment was used to repair surface defects occurring during manufacturing process of any required geometry of cutting inserts.

In Fused deposition modeling (FDM) process, there has been a confliction between high productivity and high quality of products. The product resolution is proportional to the flow rate of heated material extrusion, which directly affects the build time. To reduce the build time with acceptable resolution, the idea of parameter adjustable printing process has been introduced. The controllable extruder was modified and two types of diameter changeable nozzle have been designed. This work realizes different resolution building based on the part geometry during FDM process, which can efficiently assure the quality of products and improve the productivity at the same time.

Power transformer (PT), essential equipment in electrical power system proceeds complicated manufacturing process to meet high standard design. During manufacturing process of PT, the drying stage is of importance to remove excessive moisture contaminant on the solid insulation. This study investigated the effects of drying duration on partial discharge test of 83.3 MVA 275/160 kV PT. The partial discharge test measurements were carried out using IEC 60270 standards comprising of the capacitive network model based on the main quantity apparent charge concept. We found that the lowest partial discharge of 21 pC was achieved at 68 hours drying duration, while the highest value of 60 pC was reached at 81 hours drying time. The longer drying time may lead to initial degradation of cellulose insulation due to excessive heating. The amount of water extracted during drying effect to partial discharge also investigated. We conclude that the drying time at a higher and lower than 68 hours significantly contributes to the increased partial discharge values of PT.

This paper presented semi-analytical approach in order to investigate the influence of manufacturing process defects on the elasticity of thin microbeam. The Rayleigh Beam Model (RBM) will be analyzed and corrected using 3D FEM scripts including the effects of the cross-section shape and the under-etching. This model was tested on measurements of thin chromium microbeam of dimensions (80 × 2 × 0.95 μm 3 ). The results show that the influence of defects is very significant for the extracted value of Young's modulus where it is very close to the measured value and it is about 279.1 GPa.

In industry, process planning has a major impact on manufacturing performance. This paper proposes a method aiming to increase the efficiency in process planning, more specific in selecting the set of plans with high potential of performance. The method works on the base of processes classification after their energy efficiency. It is applied for processes grouped in the same utility area, and involves the definition of energy classes. A case study, having as purpose to prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method is also presented. Energy labelling may further become an efficient tool enabling the manufacturing process optimization from energetic point of view.

Considering the need of flexibility in any manufacturing process, the choice of the supply method of an assembly workstation can be a decision with instead influence on its performances. Using dynamic simulation, this article wants to compare the effect on a workstation cycle time of three different supply methods: supply on stock, supply in “Strike Zone” and synchronous supply. This study is part of an extended work that has the aim of compering by 3D layout design and dynamic simulation, different supply methods on an assembly line performances.

The article highlights the main problems of development of methodical instruments of obtaining, research and control of electrophysical service properties of nanostructure composites. Some of the results obtained at the research performed by scientists from National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) and National Research University St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University are presented. The results are discussed in the focus of development of a new general method of control of electrophysical service properties of materials and products of nanostructured composites during the manufacturing process.

Tattooing process can be a painful experience whether achieving a permanent or temporary body art on skin, and there can be horrible consequences. By taking advantage of UV protection factor variables of fashion clothing materials, it is possible to create this kind of body art in a much healthier way. The material performance is key, besides UPF materials that relies on the material behaviour when combined, layer sequence of these materials used for the desired function is equally as important, if not, even more important so. When properly combined in the correct order, making use of the right technology it may be possible to test different combinations. The advantages are, besides creating a temporary tattoo, that the user can benefit from moderate sun bathing advantages, that can provide the desired body art design on skin and the sunbathing health benefits. All of this can only be possible with a deep understanding of the UV protection factor of fashion materials, and how it can be tested and used in the manufacturing process for the desired function.

Respond time in manufacturing give the major impact that able to contribute too many manufacturing issues. Based on two worst case scenario occurred where Toyota in 2009 made a massive vehicles call due to car complexity of 11 major models and over 9 million vehicles. The recalls cost at least $2 billion in cost of repair, lost deals and result in lost 5% of its market share in United State of America, while A380 was reported on missing target in new production and leads to delayed market entry due to their weak product life cycle management (PLM). These cases give a sign to all industries to possess and optimize the facilities for better traceability in shortest time period. In Industry 4.0, the traceability and time respond become the factors for high performance manufacturing and rapid time respond able to expedite the traceability process and strengthen the communication level between man, machine and management. The round trip time (RTT) experiment gives variant time respond between two difference operating system for intra and inter-platform signal. If this rapid time respond is adopted in any manufacturing process, the delay in traceability on every issue that lead to losses can be successfully avoided.

This paper proposes a statistic model to forecast the materials demand quantity of downstream manufactures in manufacturing process. The author considers the ordering quantity of past record pattern following the normal distribution and the recency of ordering time is a renew process of statistic. The empirical data are used to estimate the parameters of proposed model and its validation. The results can be applied to predict different kind of materials demand

Nonwoven fabrics have merits, and for example, they can be simply and quickly processed with a variety of materials and an easily changeable manufacturing process. This study aims to examine the influences of the addition of sodium alginate (SA) and the concentration of calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) on the properties of the composite nonwoven fabrics. Chitosan (CS) micro-particles and SA solution are cross-linked with CaCl 2 with various concentrations, combined with farir heat preservative staples (FT)/cotton (C) nonwoven fabrics, and then freeze-dried to form CS/SA/FT/C composite nonwoven fabrics. Afterwards, physical property tests are performed on the resulting composite nonwoven fabrics to determine their properties as related to various concentrations of CaCl 2 . The addition of SA decreases the water vapor permeability of FT/C nonwoven fabrics by 15 %, but the concentrations of CaCl 2 do not influence the water vapor permeability. Compared to FT/C nonwoven fabrics, CS/SA/FT/C composite nonwoven fabrics have significantly lower water absorbency and water vapor permeability, but a greater stiffness.

This paper presents a series of research that have been made by the authors in the field of medical implants realized from PA 2200 powder material using the Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) method. Several sets of samples differently oriented into the working area of the machine were manufactured from PA 2200 by SLS, in order to determine which is the recommended orientation to be used during the manufacturing process, in such a way that at the end the mechanical properties (e.g. Compressive strength, Young’s modulus, etc.) will be as closed as possible to the ones of the human bones. The obtained results were further on used in the case of a medical implant (Acetabular liner) that was manufactured at the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca (TUCN) from PA 2200 material using the DTM Sinterstation 2000 SLS equipment.