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The paper examines the possibility of using team building in order to address one of the main issues that lead to Start-up failure – lack of team cohesion and shared vision regarding goals. Team building refers to a set of activities that are supposed to help build and/or consolidate a team and facilitate the team’s ability to work together towards achieving clear, well defined goals. The research of the paper was conducted by first examining the existing literature in the field of team building and Start-ups in order to understand if the topic has been previously covered and if so, take note of the results. Secondly, it is based on the experience of the authors with implementing team building practices in the case of three Start-up businesses and continuing with applications in an educational context. The results suggest the existence of a link between the usage of team building activities and team cohesion, which in the case of Start-up businesses could prove to be the difference between their success or failure.

Rotational molding is a unique process, with a high growth rate, which allows the use of geometries and materials adapted to particular needs. It is superior to other manufacturing methods in terms of low cost, break-even point and size of parts that can be manufactured. Rotational molding products are often a substitute, with a lower mass, for traditionally used materials. In this scientific paper it is analyzed the recent literature related to the field of rotational molding processes. It also addresses the issue of processing a rotational mold, with the main purpose of optimizing the cutting regime. In this context, it is highlighted the way of processing the surface of the outer mold based on deductions of direct observation criteria. The factors considered in this regard are the route, the type and diameter of the tool, the speed and depth of cutting - given that the goal is to achieve a minimum quality of the required surface obtained by technology and a minimum base time. At the end of the paper, the contribution of this research is highlighted along with the arguments presented in support of the statement that this rotational molding process is of particular interest because it has a great potential to meet many surface quality requirements, while reducing cycle times.

The big sized milling cutters are expensive tools and are not appropriate for small batches production. Making these tools more versatile, able to fit to different kinds of processes and shapes of the parts to be machined is a must. As well, cooling the cutting area is very important. The existing end-mill cutters are designed to feed internally with coolant only the teeth on the front side. The paper presents a concept of a modular tool, made of elementary disk cutters, able to be reconfigured to get different shapes and sizes. The main element of novelty the paper claims is the inner cooling system of the complex tool. The special design of the elementary milling cutters and of the shaft they are mounted on make the tool able to lead jets of coolant to every insert, no matter where they are placed, on the cylindrical or on the front side of the milling cutter. A network of channels drilled in the shaft and in the body of elementary milling cutters make this possible. The capability to splash with coolant under high pressure all the cutting edges do not depend on the number of teeth of the tool. Being delivered from inside the cutting tool, the coolant splashes directly on the contact surface between the inserts and workpiece, which makes cooling more efficient.

In this paper we build some composite materials reinforced with corn leaves. In order to build the samples, we have firstly created some strips in this way: we put the corn leaves, continuously, on a sheet of paper where we apply a this layer of resin (we have used epoxy and polyester ones). We have waited for the resin polymerization 48 hours, recommended by the producer. We have put the corn leaves layers in the director of the tensile test (because we will test the samples to tensile). We have made 10 strips and we have glued them together by using the same synthetic resins (epoxy and polyester). In the end we have obtained some composites reinforced with strips from corn leaves and paper sheet, and the matrix is made from epoxy and polyester resins. From the obtained plate, we have cut some samples in order to study their statically mechanical characteristics by tensile test. The samples were tested on an universal testing machine INSTRON 1000 HDX which is assisted by a software called Bluehill. The samples have a rectangular section We have determined: the elongation at break, the breaking strength and the Young modulus. We have also studied the samples breaking area..

The robotics industry has experienced a rapid expansion in the last decade. As a result, the market of speed reducers with high gear ratios, high precision and a compact design is growing rapidly. In addition to these characteristics, it is very important for gear trains to have high efficiency. Because of their compact design, cycloidal speed reducers are not exposed to axial forces, which is their important characteristic. This means that radial bearings can be used in their supports. The bearing type has significant effects not only on the design and dimensions of the cycloid speed reducer but also on its efficiency. In this paper, an analysis of power losses for different types of rolling bearings of a cycloid disc has been performed. At the end of the paper, concrete conclusions are presented as well as directions for future research.

The unprecedented evolution of the technological environment inevitably generates resistance to change in the population. The paper aims to detect these resistances in the conditions of a future transition to Industry 5.0. Firstly, we present the results of a bibliographic study of the specialized literature, in order to answer the dilemma of the existence or absence of the differences between the two concepts, that of Industry 4.0 and that of Industry 5.0. Secondly, the paper contains the results of an online survey based on a questionnaire conducted among employees in the central area of Romania. The research is related to the employees’ perception on the possible evolution of the economic environment by implementing the concept of Industry 5.0. and focuses on issues that may bother them in their professional lives. Although we found that there are many oppositions to a potential transition to Industry 5.0, we still appreciate that the accelerated evolution of technology will be able to reduce much of them, the speed of technological change being much higher than the reaction speed of employees.

The paper wants to be an alarm signal that non-compliance with the psychological contract by managers can negatively affect the organizational climate. The paper starts with a selection of the most important aspects of the literature on the psychological contract. The results of this study from secondary sources are interpreted in terms of the current socio-economic context, showing the possible negative influences of economic crises and pandemics such as COVID-19 on compliance with the psychological contract in organizations. The situations of violation of the psychological contract by the management can be numerous in this context. Therefore, the paper then presents an exploratory research conducted online, the respondents being employed in various companies in the Sibiu County (Romania). The main objectives of the research were to find out the importance of the psychological contract for employees and how it is or is not respected by managers. The results showed that the psychological contract is very important for respondents, but their perceptions of compliance with it are influenced by the crises faced by the organization. Another important conclusion shows that, in the opinion of the employees, many managers from the organizations in Sibiu County do not respect the psychological contract.

The aim of the paper is to analyse the managers and business owners’ vision Hunedoara County from a managerial communication perspective, depending on the age on the market, as well as the turnover. The study is based on a questionnaire containing 14 questions, distributed online, and applied to a group of over 500 companies in Hunedoara County between September 13, 2020 - September 30, 2020. We received answers from 34 companies, which are the basis of the research. Our research revealed some expressive data on the act of managerial communication, depending on the turnover of the companies, the way of exercising the communication, as well the managers and business owners’ vision how managerial communication influences the success of companies. The respondents, as mentioned, come only from the companies of Hunedoara county, but the study can be extrapolated to provide an image for all Romanian companies, as the authors show in the paper. The paper creates an image of the managers and business owners’ vision about managerial communication, showing that it must be decentralized to managers or communication specialists, especially since many respondents claim that the success of companies is influenced by managerial communication. This study can be a contribution to managerial communication, allowing managers and business owners to improve their vision of communication, and the companies they run to be more successful.

The most frequent workplace accidents in the industry are most of the times caused by the employer’s failure to fulfill their obligation to provide appropriate on-the-job training. Starting from this state of affairs, this paper analyzes the main cause of workplace accidents in the industry, which is the lack of training, or incomplete or inadequate training of employees, a situation indicated by the latest studies and the latest activity report of Labor Inspectorate. The solution identified by most employers was to use the online environment, this being the only way that allows the achievement of both of the aforementioned objectives at the same time. In this context, the paper identifies and proposes the use of the online environment, especially in the process of distance training of workers, giving them the opportunity to receive training documents, to analyze them, to electronically sign them and send them to the employer in electronic format. This proposal of supplementing the current legislation with the possibility of using the online environment in the field of occupational health and safety (OHS) also takes into account other categories of benefits that this solution brings, such as streamlining OHS and optimizing costs incurred in fulfilling these legal obligations.

Marketing strives to add value to the company by aiming to attract customers, convincing them to develop a buying intention and eventually become consumers. The importance of marketing also lies in the famous quote from Steve Jobs: “Customers do not know what they want until we offer them.” Over time, marketing has gone through several stages and produced the step with the evolution of technological innovation that is essential for the future of any successful business. The rapid development of technology and the fact that it is now increasingly accessible in terms of learning and costs have led to its popularization among marketers and consumers. The complete paper proposes to present a foray into the evolution of marketing and to present a successful Romanian company and how it manages the brand in the 5.0 marketing vision. The paper aims to highlight how following the marketing trends a successful company manages to grow even in the adverse conditions of the pandemic. Various methods are used to carry out the works, such as SWOT analysis and questionnaire-based survey. The paper is richly illustrated by suggestive, interpreted graphics that underlie the conclusions drawn from the study.

In this paper the authors present contributions to the development of search and rescue mobile robots. The first part of the paper describes the characteristics of search and rescue field. In the second part the authors presented the development and construction of an experimental prototype focusing on the locomotion systems for the search and rescue field and the results of the physical experiments done and the design and development of a proposed search and rescue mobile robot based on the lessons learned from the experiments. The third part contains the operation and control of the robot. The fourth section presents the simulation of the hybrid locomotion system of the proposed search and rescue mobile robot. The last part of the paper contains the development directions and conclusions.

This paper presents, the development of an autonomous mobile robot with a four-wheel drive and differential locomotion. The mobile robot was developed in the Machines and Industrial Equipment Department from the Engineering Faculty of Sibiu. The main purpose of developing this type of mobile platform was the ability to transport different types of cargo either in industrial spaces or on rough terrain. Another important objective was that this platform could be driven in confined or tight spaces where a high degree of manoeuvrability is necessary. The great advantage of this type of mobile platform is the ability to navigate through narrow spaces due to the type of locomotion implemented. The fact that the robot has four driving wheels gives it the ability to travel on rough surfaces and easily bypass obstacles. Another great advantage of the developed mobile robot is that it has a reconfigurable structure. The drivetrain is interchangeable, it can adopt both classic wheels and Mecanum wheels. The first part of the paper presents some general aspects concerning mobile robots and two types of traction wheels used in mobile robotic structures. Subsequently, the paper presents the steps taken in the development of the mobile wheeled platform. At the end of the paper, the electronic part that will be implemented in the structure of the robot is described. The command and control of the entire mobile platform will be described in some future work.

Space technology and services represent a major component of the well-functioning societies’ infrastructure. At the same time, outer space is being increasingly accessed with many entities sending out technologies in an attempt to minimize launching and operational costs. Subsequently, a cross-domains activity, space technologies and services lay in the insufficiently settled area of legislative and institutional measures, leading to a growing ambiguity among professional community, reunited under the concept of ”space traffic management” (STM). In line with the new initiatives in the field of STM, this paper attempts to unblackbox the interplay between definitions and establishment history of it, its context of emergence, usage and the level of technological maturation. At the same time, the paper intends to address the tension between governmental and private initiatives related to the management and the coordination for space traffic, in order to open up a discussion on this topic. Thus the paper is expected to contribute to building a better understanding of the controversial nature of space services and technologies, especially with regard to delineations among geopolitical groups of interest, economic and governmental uses, as well as interfacing, roles and responsibilities, and impact on interoperable means of communication among various institutions.

The aim of the paper is to highlight the importance of the calorific properties of softwood biomass. The paper presents the caloric power and ash content, important caloric properties in the assessment of wood biomass. Biomass, in the form of wood, was and will remain an important combustible material. The value of ash content for spruce was 3.8% and 4.2% for fir. These values are within the international standards. Wood biomass, as a material can provide the energy need for the population at a reduced price. The combustion process are possible only in the presence of oxygen, which is usually introduced into the focal spot through the combustion air.

Companies are under increasing pressure from customers, competitors, limited resources, etc. These conditions oblige companies to permanently improve their organizational structure and the activities of all system’s flows. The paper analyses the types of Kanban systems, in the broader context of the enterprise systems. The most important reference architectures were analysed (with the emphasis on the modules dedicated to flow description) and the standards that allow the activity modelling of a manufacturing enterprises. Starting from this context, the paper describes three models of Kanban systems that are specific to companies with different information systems development. Models are: Push production with withdrawal Kanban; Pull production with withdrawal Kanban and production Kanban triggered by Kanban board; Pull production with withdrawal Kanban and production Kanban triggered by the dispatch to the customers. The models are graphically described using Value Stream Map (VMS) symbols. These models are useful in the development and improvement of production flows.

An important element of the geological modeling of oil reservoirs is represented by determining of the mineralogical composition and rock types as part of the reservoir characterization process. In the paper we provide a comprehensive mineralogo-petrographic study based on petrographic observations and X-rays diffraction investigations made on several Miocene rock samples collected in the wells spudded in an oil field belonging to the Getic Basin. Getic Basin is a prolific petroleum province in Romania and belongs to petroleum systems of the Carpathian Foredeep. The oil exploration in the Getic Basin started more than 100 years ago and resulted in thousands of wells drilled and tens of fields discovered. The oil field is located in the Gorj County, geologically belongs to the internal zone of the Getic Basin, and is a faulted anticline with hydrocarbon accumulations in Burdigalian and Sarmatian deposits. The petrographic study led to the interpreting of the rock samples analyzed as epiclastic sedimentary rocks represented by conglomerates, breccias, sands, sandstones, claystones and marlstones, and carbonate rocks (limestones). X-rays diffraction investigations indicated the phyllosilicates (smectite and illite) as main minerals in the Sarmatian samples, while in the Burdigalian samples were found as main minerals: quartz, feldspars and carbonate minerals. The paper provides detailed information (like petrographic types, composition and microtexture) on the Miocene reservoir rocks belonging to the Getic Basin. Also the data obtained may be used as basis for future reservoir modeling studies in the region.

The paper presents an analysis of the online education, in the pandemic crisis. Technology provides innovative solutions in the human interactions and the education should benefit by these. The pandemic crisis we all are passing forced education actors to reconsider teaching and learning using online learning. ELearning has an increased importance in these moments, so, in this paper is made an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of this type of education, as well as the opportunities and threats that may occur. Some challenges were identified that the crisis came with, in educational domain. The results highlighted that the strategy that should be adopted by the educational institutions must be based on an intensive use of the educational platforms in online environment. Some proposals has been made such as the need for quality improvement activities in online teaching or a resource planning for saving time and optimizing the organizational learning process.

The aim of the paper was to analyze the perception of students regarding the quality of management within Erasmus+ programme carried out by Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu and their partner academic institutions from Romania and abroad. Through this paper we also tried to determine a classification of the evaluated variables, their correlation and the factor which influences most the quality of the management of Erasmus mobility projects. In order to assess these goals, the research consisted of collecting, processing and analyzing the responses to questionnaires from 66 Romanian students and 165 foreign students who have benefited from an Erasmus+ study or placement mobility in the last years. The findings highlighted that Romanian students compared to foreign students assessed better the quality of management in general, more exactly the variables related to promotion and information activities, quality and professionalism of the Erasmus selection competition, support in filling out the Erasmus documents, the level of support throughout the application process, information and support provided by the home university during their mobility and the support for the administrative part after returning from mobility.

According to ISO 9000, a quality management system is part of a set of related or interacting elements of an organization that sets policies and objectives, as well as the processes necessary to achieve the quality objectives. Quality is the extent to which a set of intrinsic characteristics of an object meets the requirements. Based on these definitions, the factory, considered in this paper, S.C. APULUM S.A.,decided to implement a quality management system since 1998. Subsequently, the organization’s attention is focus on the continuous improvement of the implemented quality management system. The purpose of this paper is to study the percent of specified defects specific to ceramic products in the future to improve the quality management system. In this regard, machine learning techniques were applied for defects forecasting for different types of products: mugs, pressed plates and jiggered plates. The experimental evaluation was performed on real data sets that contain percentages about different types of defects collected in 2018-2019. The experimental results show that for each type of product exists an algorithm that forecasts the future defects.

Efficiency is a key parameter used to assess the quality of operation of power generation systems and devices applied for converting one type of energy to the other. Although, in the end, an investment project is mainly evaluated by economic aspect. Furthermore, many researchers have been investigating the possible types of energy conversion systems and devices applied for power generation and utilizing different types of working fluids. This paper presents the inside into transcritical carbon dioxide (CO2) cycle and the gradients of its efficiency. Transcritical CO2 cycle (TCO2C) here refers to a CO2-based thermal power generation cycle absorbing heat from a heat source (ideally with constant pressure) till the supercritical state is reached. It is followed by an expansion to a sub-critical superheated or even two-phase (wet) state. As alternatives, trilateral flash cycle (TFC) and organic Rankine cycle (ORC) utilizing CO2 are also introduced in this paper. The calculation in this study is computed based on MATLAB integrated with thermophysical properties like CoolProp and REFPROP, the mathematical models of the system are built and calculated with the same heat sink temperature of 224.41 K, and the heat source temperature is varied between 274.41 K and 500 K. At a certain temperature, the obtained result shows that the efficiency of the TCO2C is lower than the efficiency of ORC. Another result proves that the quality of working fluid at the end of the expansion process significantly influences the efficiency of the cycle.

Thermal energy storage (TES) became one of the main research topics in modern power engineering. The design of TES devices and systems depend on their application. Different thermal energy storage materials (e.g., solids, liquids, or phase change materials) can be applied in TES devices. The selection of the thermal energy storage material depends mainly on the thermal power and operating temperature range of the TES device. These devices and systems are applied in different energy conversion systems, including solar power plants or combined heat and power (CHP) stations. The application of TES devices is also considered in the case of other industries, such as metallurgy. The possible application of TES devices is particularly promising in the case of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems. These systems are often utilizing floating heat sources such as solar energy, waste heat, etc. TES device can be therefore applied as the evaporator of the ORC system in order to stabilize these fluctuations. In this paper, the possible thermal energy storage materials used in TES devices applied in ORCs are discussed. Moreover, the modelling results are reported related to assessment parameters which can be applied to size the TES device for ORC system utilizing different low-boiling working fluids. The thermal properties of working fluids are taken from CoolProp. The function of heat capacity of different TES materials is also provided and the calculation is computed by employing MATLAB. The result shows that based on the simulation, the gradient of the natural characteristic of TES with working fluids (ζ(Tb)) tends to decrease. The presented result in this paper gives a new point of view which can be used by scientists and engineers during the design and implementation of TES evaporators dedicated to ORC power systems.

Long term strategic changes in power generation approaches will require more flexibility for large power generating turbines as an unavoidable consequence of the increasing share of power generated by alternative energy sources. Demanded flexibility for the power turbine output will augment undesired flow phenomena in the low-pressure turbine module, which will consequently enhance blade flutter problems of long slender blades in turbine last stages. In order to advance the understanding of blade flutter onset conditions, the Institute of Thermomechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences instigated an advanced research program on blade flutter research in high-speed turbomachines. A new innovative test facility for Blade Forced Flutter research was designed and built in the High-Speed Laboratory of the Institute of Thermomechanics. The concept of the new test facility is based on extensive experience with an older Transonic Flutter Cascade facility operated at the NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio. At present, the first phase of verification tests of the new facility is in progress. The ongoing steady-state tests are intended for exploration of a newly proposed quasi-stationary method to investigate instigating flow conditions leading to an onset of intense blade flutter. Results of some opening tests under steady flow conditions are presented in the paper. The blade drive mechanism for unsteady tests with oscillating blades has not yet been installed in the facility. The presented paper is a work-in-progress report on the ongoing research of complex blade flutter problems.

Environmental pollution is one of the most crucial problems in modern world. The toughening of emission standards for toxic fumes, which appear due to the combustion of fossil fuels in internal combustion engines, forces manufacturers to reduce fuel consumption, for example, via more rational use of the internal combustion engine capabilities. This paper is devoted to developing a control algorithm selection technique for economy class passenger car robotic transmission in the conditions of an urban cycle, using Lada Vesta SW Cross as a research subject. At the beginning of the paper, vehicle movement imitational mathematical model implementation, which was developed using LMS Imagine. Lab Amesim program complex. is shown. Also the main assumptions and parameters of engines, cooling systems, transmissions and chassis are given. Then imitational mathematical model verification results, which were processed by comparing movement computer simulation results with the vehicle passport data, are shown. Imitational mathematical model demonstrates the car behavior adequately and very precisely, which means it can be used for vehicle fuel efficiency research. In the main part of the paper, vehicle movement research is conducted in case of three different versions of the internal combustion engine (which has 1,4-, 1,6- and 1,8-liters volume) used in an urban cycle INRETS urbanfluide2. It is clearly shown that the lowest consumption is achieved by reducing the acceleration and braking dynamics via “early” gear shifting, and the crankshaft rotation speed at the corresponding moment of the shift has to be selected for each gear separately. Based on the research results, a switching algorithm and its selection technique, which takes the throttle valve opening degree and the type of the internal combustion engine external speed characteristic into consideration, are presented. In conclusion, this paper presents the results of vehicle movement imitational mathematical modeling in the urban cycle with a modified robotic transmission control algorithm. It is clear that this algorithm can reduce fuel consumption in the urban cycle by 12-20%, depending on the engine volume.

The intensive introduction of virtualization technologies, the transition to software-oriented methods and the active use of universal tools make it possible to provide comprehensive automation of the processes of managing the communication infrastructures of a modern enterprise. The use of modern methods for creating network resources and network management tools makes it possible to find solutions for many problems that arise during the construction or modernization of distributed information systems. This paper presents an example of the implementation of the concept of "Infrastructure as Code", the use of a set of virtualization platforms and network management tools in the construction of a distributed laboratory complex of an educational institution. The paper shows how the use of modern methods and tools provides comprehensive automation of the management of network resources of a distributed laboratory complex, which makes it possible to combine disparate laboratory resources of an educational institution into a single software-controlled complex, intensify the learning process and instill in students practical skills in building modern data transmission systems.

Based on the analysis of the functional capabilities of modern information systems, the paper substantiates the applicability of multidimensional combined information structures for computer-assistant planning in machinery production. A multidimensional optimization model has been developed for elementary technological surface-treatment routing in the case of using complex quality indicators determined by the operational properties of products. The dimensions of its coordinate space are determined by the number of technical constraints that govern the quality of the product. The paper provides an example of an algorithm that uses logical algebra operations to reduce the coordinate space of the model and to reduce the computational complexity of the design task.

The paper discusses the numerical solution of the one-dimensional radially axi-symmetric non-linear second-order differential equation to model the conduction and radiation transfer through a spherical domain as a result of an exothermic heat source. The equation is transformed to a non-dimensional form. The dimensionless numbers emanating from the transformation represent the effect of the reaction rate, reaction type, activation energy, radiation and the convection on the temperature. The non-dimensional differential equation for the temperature distribution was previously solved using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method coupled with a Shooting technique. In this paper the solution of the non-dimensional differential equation using an iterative Galerkin finite element method approach employing the Picard method is described. The commercial finite element code Comsol is also employed to solve the non-dimensional differential equation. The current study was motivated by inconsistencies that were observed in the previous results that were presented. Although the assumed underlying physics is used to evaluate the results, the study focuses purely on the numerical solution of the non-dimensional differential equation. The results obtained by the Galerkin finite element code and Comsol were found to be in exact agreement and also exhibit no inconsistencies.

Statistical design of experiments (DoE) aims to develop a near efficient design while minimising the number of experiments required. This is an optimal approach especially when there is a need to investigate multiple variables. DoE is a powerful methodology for a wide range of applications, from the efficient design of manufacturing processes to the accurate evaluation of global optima in numerical studies. The contribution of this paper is to provide a general introduction to statistical design of experiments for a non-expert audience, with the aim of broadening exposure in the applied mechanics community. We focus on response surface methodology (RSM) designs — Taguchi Design, Central Composite Design, Box-Behnken Design and D-optimal Design. These different RSM designs are compared in the context of a case study from the field of polymer composites. The results demonstrate that an exact D-optimal design is generally considered to be a good design when compared to the global D-optimal design. That is, it requires fewer experiments while retaining acceptable efficiency measures for all three response surface models considered. This paper illustrates the benefits of DoE, demonstrates the importance of evaluating different designs, and provides an approach to choose the design best suited for the problem of interest.

This paper presents the development and validation of a six degree of freedom (DOF) dynamic model of a two-stage parallel shaft gearbox, without flaws, which is able to determine the reaction of gearbox components to varying torque inputs and loads. The model utilises flexible shafts and gears rather than using a rigid assumption, to further understand the effect of varying mesh stiffness. The paper replicates the results presented by Diehl and Tang, and improves the number of frequencies that can be analysed. The gear meshing frequencies were expected to dominate the result, however due to the use of a sinusoidal approximation of the varying tooth mesh frequency, the presented model shows the additional gear generated frequencies are present and analysable in the data.

In the quest to conserve natural resources and economic energy. Weight reduction has been the focus of auto-manufactures and the aerospace industry in the present day. Weight reduction can be archived primarily by introducing better design optimization, better material, and improved manufacturing processes. This approach by introducing composite materials into automobile industries, which has high strength to weight ratio and excellent corrosive resistance, can fulfil the requirement. This review paper investigates the use of composite materials in the design of leaf springs for automotive vehicles. The paper underscores the suitability of composite materials for leaf spring in automobiles and develops a new leaf spring design that optimizes weight reduction and strength. The review provides details regarding previous efforts conducted on the design of leaf springs while outlining the knowledge gap areas. This review commences with an introduction to leaf springs and a brief history of their development. Followed by the properties that make an excellent leaf spring, this helps narrow down the information required for further developments providing avenues for possible future research.

A theoretical testing method for fully characterising the Mooney-Rivlin three-parameter hyper-elastic material model is proposed by capturing full-field digital image correlation (DIC) data, namely displacement field and indentation force data. A finite element model with known parameters will act as the experimental model against which all data will be referenced (a preliminary test case). Going forward this stand-in model will be replaced with physical test data. This paper also introduces a new concept, the concept of hyperplanes. These hyperplanes represent regions in the force and displacement field data where all the objective function values are equal. The paper concludes that the Mooney-Rivlin material model can theoretically be fully characterised in a single indentation test. By applying the methods discussed in the paper when using full-field data operating under the assumption of hyper-planes.

This article focuses on the challenges and problems facing road transport nowadays. The main aspect discussed in the paper is the ecological aspect. As the demand for transport services has been constantly growing for the last 20 years, solving the problem has become a great challenge. In the further part of the study, an attempt was made to indicate solutions applied in the European Union. Another solution is presented in this paper, which is the introduction of European Modular Systems to road transport. Their characteristics were presented and countries in which such solutions are used were indicated. Based the analysis of studies in the field of the discussed issues, a comparison of fuel consumption and CO2 and NOx emissions of standard sets with EMS sets was carried out.

One of the main objectives of technical diagnostics is identification the technical state of the machine. The technical state is described by the values of the object cardinal features. Unfortunately, during the operation process, some of the values of these features cannot be measured. It is proposed to estimate the values of the cardinal features based on their initial values and the influence of the forcing factors described by the time histories of the parameters of the operation process. Due to the limited knowledge of the correlation between operational parameters and forcing factors it was modelled in form of fuzzy Mamdani models. In the paper universal automatic method of the models generation was presented. Thanks to it, it was possible to generate the model of the technical state changes in automatic manner. The results of the usage of the generated model in case of real complex technical system can be found at the end of the paper.

The paper using sugarcane pith as a raw material, the feasibility of aluminum hydroxide Lewis acid combined with microwave conditions to be used as a resource was investigated.Under the conditions of the combination of stellate acid and microwave, the 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) in 0.9% of the liquid phase product can be detected, and its low yield of 0.9% is worthy of further improvement. Economic analysis shows that the added value of 5-HMF produced by Lewis acid combined with microwave is as high as about 30,000 yuan per ton, and the prospect of resource utilization is huge. Use oxalic acid to hydrolyze the remaining cellulose and hemicellulose after 5-HMF is prepared from sugarcane pith to glucose, which is used in food and related products. It has very important application value in the industry. In this paper, the hemicellulose in cane pith is converted to 5-HMF under microwave reaction conditions, and then the remaining residue of the reaction is hydrolyzed with oxalic acid to produce glucose, which provides theoretical basis and technical support for further research on the high-value utilization of sugar cane pith in the future.

improving system performance and reliability. Key leaks and inadequate key strength are common issues with numerical global key models and public block cipher algorithms that use pseudo-random numbers. Additionally, because of the spatial correlation between neighboring pixel values, no current crypto scheme is appropriate for picture encryption. An intellectual domain-based image cryptosystem with hierarchical modification structures is proposed to overcome all these obstacles. The suggested framework also aims to maximize confusion metrics and improve security efficiency. In this paper modified DCT transform domain based frequency domain image encryption is proposed along with optimized pixel grouping based cipher key formulation with reduced complexity overhead. The proposed image encryption model can achieve 100 percentage transformations irrespective to the image non-linear characteristics and associated spatial dimensions. To validate the performance metrics of proposed image encryption different biomedical images collected and the superiority of proposed system is verified using quantitative and qualitative analyzes. The proposed implementation helps in offering privacy in crypto system based network security. It also validated that this hybrid combination also extend the applicability of crypto system for EMR applications.

The introduction of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology revolutionized text digitization, allowing physical documents to be converted into editable and searchable digital representations. This paper goes into the unique challenges and advancements in OCR designed exclusively for the Devanagari script. It helps to preserve cultural heritage by digitizing historic manuscripts and religious writings and making them more accessible. Furthermore, Devanagari OCR has practical uses in administrative activities, data entry, and educational content digitization.

Cold formed steel (CFS) channel sections are the sections which are widely using from last few decades and are designated as light gauge sections. Such sections are being widely utilized in industrial, commercial and residential purposes as a secondary bearing member. Further developments of thin walled members made it possible to use the CFS Sections as preliminary load carrying structural members. The reason is hot-rolled steel sections posses’ very low strength to weight ratio on CFS sections, and the production process of these sections is cost-effective and simple. This paper is about comparing the analysis results from CUFSM and ABAQUS of different channel sections. The loads will be applied at the edges of the members axially i.e., as a compression member with different boundary conditions.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming all of the technologies we use every day. More than ever, we are very near to the objective of vehicle autonomy, which has long been desired. Large automakers are also spending billions of dollars on the development of autonomous vehicles (AVs). Among the advantages of this new technology are the possibility for increased passenger safety, less congested roads, reduced traffic, optimized traffic, reduced fuel consumption, less pollution, and improved travel experiences. However, there are also new security and privacy problems associated with this paradigm change. Previously simple mechanical devices, vehicles are today computerized, networked, and intelligent. They gather vast amounts of data, which must be shielded from intrusions. In this paper, we examine privacy issues and security hurdles in AVs. We investigate several attacks using a layer-by-layer methodology. It summarizes the contributions of these research works and categorizes them based on application domains. It also identifies open problems and research challenges that need to be addressed to fully realize the potential of AI in advancing V2X systems. Our intention is to provide insights into the unresolved research issues surrounding AVs and to suggest future lines of inquiry.

In this paper introduces a novel method for controlling the balance of dc capacitor voltage in a STATCOM, along with a comprehensive logical approach for the balance management system. A balancing control approach has been presented to address the abnormality of the dc capacitor voltage, which is generated by the anomaly of dynamic power absorbed and spent by the chain. This method takes into account the superposition of dynamic voltage vectors. In this approach, a voltage component is added to the output voltage of the append operation in order to modify its inherent power. Furthermore, a thorough scientific approach grounded on vector analysis is introduced. This technique facilitates the deconstruction of the equilibrium control mechanism, including both its stability and boundary constraints. The STATCOM uses a fuzzy logic controller to enhance its aesthetic appeal. A vector analysis-based evaluation is administered to ascertain the optimal approach for equilibrium control. This analysis contrasts the proposed methodology with the other two commonly used methodologies. The findings of this comparison indicate that the suggested strategy for equilibrium control has the benefit of notable stability and a well-defined threshold limit. Reenactments are conducted to illustrate this particular component of the system.

Motion or inertial sensors, like the accelerometer and gyroscope that are frequently found in smartphones and smartwatches, can measure the acceleration and angular velocity of bodily movements and be used to teach bots so that they may guess human activities. These models can be selected to a variety of fields, including biometrics and remote patient health monitoring. Because deep learning-based methods employ representing teaching methods, those may automatically identify hidden patterns in data and generate optimal objects from basic information generated from sensors without human intervention, they got popular in earlier in recognizing human activities. Along with recognize human activity, this paper suggests a novel called HDDN-model called CNN-GRU, which combines convolutional units. This model exhibited accuracy that is suggestively better than other state-of-the-art DNN models like Inception Time and Deep Conv LSTM developed using Auto ML, and was successfully verified on the WISDM dataset.

The popularity of anime is increasing exponentially in every part of the world due to its unique storyline, nonstop entertainment, fights, and similar type of content that can hold viewers and keeps them at the edge of their seats. However, with the increase of popularity in anime there has also been an exponential increase in violence and brutality in anime videos. Violent scenes have become much more common in anime videos when compared to generic cinema. This survey paper presents a comprehensive view on the detection of violence in movies and different scenarios using various techniques. Most commonly to automate detection of violence, machine learning is used for training the machine to detect violence. Convolution neural networks (CNN) are used very commonly to understand image pattern recognition with high accuracy. Moreover, use of other different methods such as LSTM and Markov models are also used to detect violence. The main goals kept in mind while working is to detect violence with high accuracy and to use less computation or to perform the action at a high-speed rate.

The execution of initiatives that are focused at employee satisfaction is always required in order to maintain skilled human resources, regardless of whether the firm in question is small, medium, local, or global. The turnover rate of employees has a significant impact on the total performance of an organization, which includes the performance of each individual employee, as well as the profitability of any given company. It is possible that the ineffective administration of human resources is the result of a lack of awareness regarding the significance of working individuals as well as a lack of continual practices regarding talent management. Without regard to the nature and level of the organizations in which the workers are engaged, it is possible to view them as "knowledge banks," and it is also possible that they are not necessarily positioned at the highest levels of the organization. The primary objective of carrying out this research study is to investigate the relationship between the practices of talent management in information technology industries and the retention of employees. Listed below are the two primary goals that the paper aims to accomplish: to learn about the strategies that are used for talent management in the information technology sector. And to investigate and demonstrate the relationship between the practices of talent management and the maintenance of employee retention. There are a few important results in this study about how to keep employees. It has been seen that workers with less than two years of experience are having a hard time adjusting to their new jobs and aren't seeing enough career growth. However, experienced workers have seen growth and are able to adapt to the work culture and freedom in their schedules.

The KGRCET Notice Board Project introduces a contemporary solution to the longstanding challenge of efficiently disseminating information within organizations and communities. This innovative digital platform harnesses web-based technologies to establish a centralized and user-friendly system for the posting, management, and retrieval of announcements, notices, and updates. This abstract provides a succinct overview of the project's goals, functionalities, and advantages. By substituting traditional physical notice boards with a digital counterpart, the project optimizes information sharing, diminishes paper consumption, and improves accessibility. Users can effortlessly submit, view, and search for notices, ensuring the timely delivery of crucial information to its intended audience. Additionally, the platform can be tailored to meet various needs, spanning educational institutions and corporate offices to residential communities and public organizations. As we delve into the intricacies of this project, we underscore its potential to elevate to a more communication, promote sustainable and interconnected future.

In this paper we have calculated the thermal partition function of the thermo- dynamical system of Quark Gluon Plasma and also we have calculated the entropy of quark gluon plasma for the zero chemical potential at the thermal equilibrium condition.

This paper presents a method for measuring a wind turbine's MPP (Maximum Power Point) with a three-bladed VSWT that is driven by a DFIG (Double-Fed Induction Generator) (Variable Speed Wind Turbine). The rotor incorporates a DFIG with successive PWM voltage-source converters within its integrated rotor integrated circuit. Grid-side converters generate and establish sinusoidal currents while independently managing the active and reactive power drawn from the grid supply using vector control techniques. The rotor-side converter needs to be vector controlled in order for the speed range to function. The vector approach manages the permit circuit optimally to maximize the amount of wind energy gathered. The control needs of the permit circuit take this into account. Such a system is analyzed using MATLAB software

The subject of airfare is examined in this paper. As a result, a collection of factors that characterize a typical flight are selected under the presumption that they have an impact on airline ticket costs. The price of a plane ticket is influenced by the length of the trip, the location, the schedule, and several other factors, like holidays or vacations. Therefore, many people will surely save time and effort by having a basic awareness of airline expenses prior to making trip arrangements. The performance of the seven different machine learning (ML) models used to anticipate the price of airline tickets is compared after three datasets were analysed to acquire insight into airline fares. The objective is to investigate the factors that influence flight prices. The data can then be used to build a system that can predict how much a flight will cost.

The endeavors to explore and map the dynamic terrain of cloud computing, designated as the CloudVerse. Through a meticulous examination of recent advancements and emerging patterns in cloud technologies, this study aims to furnish a comprehensive portrayal of the present state and future trajectories of cloud computing. Utilizing a blend of literature review and industry scrutiny, the paper identifies pivotal domains of innovation within the CloudVerse, encompassing hybrid cloud infrastructures, serverless computing models, edge computing paradigms, and AI-driven cloud solutions. Furthermore, it delves into the ramifications of these advancements across diverse sectors and deliberates on strategic imperatives for enterprises embracing cloud technologies. Ultimately, this inquiry strives to demarcate the contours and potentials inherent in the CloudVerse, proffering nuanced insights for navigating the intricacies of contemporary cloud computing landscapes.

Municipal waste management is crucial for cities as it enhances the urban atmosphere, conserves assets, and safeguards the ecological balance. An adequate and effective waste management strategy leads to significant environmental issues. The absence of dustbins, littering, and improper usage of dustbins create unsanitary conditions in cities and harm the ecosystem. The theft or destruction of the dustbins is a significant issue. This research uses deep learning-based classifiers with the Internet of Things (IoT) and a cloud computing approach to accurately categorize trash at the start of garbage collection. The research categorizes recyclable garbage into six groups: plastics, glass, paper or cardboard, metallic items, textiles, and other recyclable materials to aid future waste disposal. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are used for trash categorization. This study tries to provide a basic answer to this issue via IoT technologies. A function will be added to the user's website to inform them about the present condition of the closest smart waste bins. This will allow users to locate and use the nearest bin if the one in their area is full. This research intends to enhance the safety of smart waste bins by securing the sensors and implementing bins with a concrete body to prevent theft and damage.

The fingerprint pattern stands out as the most authentic and unique characteristic defining human identity. This unique pattern is immutable and persists unaltered until an individual's demise. In various circumstances, particularly in legal proceedings, fingerprint evidence is highly regarded. The distinctive minutiae pattern of each person is unparalleled, with the probability of resemblance being exceedingly low, nearly one in sixty-four thousand million. This distinctiveness holds true even for identical duplet. The individualistic ridge pattern persists unchanged from birth, serving as a constant aspect of personal identity. This paper presents a method involving the comparison of specific feature patterns derived from fingerprints for personal identification systems. Fingerprint data is employed in the investigation of blood group determination as well. In the process of fingerprint matching, ridge frequency is assessed, and spatial features are extracted using a Gabor filter for this specific purpose. Consequently, blood group determination can be performed using fingerprint analysis.

Cloud computing has evolved as an effective technology in the past few years. It is playing an important role in information technology. The main characteristics and challenges of cloud computing are 100% availability and Scalability. To achieve these two things we have concepts like Load balancing and auto-scaling in the cloud. In this paper, we will discuss auto-scaling and the two different ways to achieve auto-scaling. The commonly used auto-scaling technique is fixed threshold-based auto-scaling and it is further modified as adaptive threshold-based auto-scaling. Auto-scaling can scale up or down the cloud resources based on demand, which means the virtual machines are automatically launched or deleted based on the requirement. As Auto-scaling provides better fault tolerance, better availability, and cost management, it improves an organization’s service level agreements.

Breast carcinoma stands as one of the most perilous afflictions affecting females, lacking an effective treatment to date. Recent advancements in deep learning techniques, coupled with artificial intelligence (AI), have demonstrated promising results in breast cancer identification. This innovation facilitates early detection, consequently enhancing patient survival rates. Deep learning necessitates minimal human intervention for feature extraction, contrasting with traditional machine learning methods. The ML and DL techniques are practised and comparison of all these techniques were shown. Specifically, emphasis is placed on genomic and histopathologic imaging data. Various algorithms, including R, SVM, logistic regression, KNN, Naïve Bayes, CNN, and ANN, are thoroughly researched and valuated to gauge their efficacy. Furthermore, many screening protocols were deployed to identify and examine the datasets. Lastly, the paper explores the challenges encountered and the most possible directions to detect the breast cancer .Hence researchers and clinicians with a thorough understanding and insights into this deep learning domain.