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A Micromonospora strain, isolate MT25 T , was recovered from a sediment collected from the Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench using a selective isolation procedure. The isolate produced two major metabolites, n -acetylglutaminyl glutamine amide and desferrioxamine B, the chemical structures of which were determined using 1D and 2D-NMR, including 1 H- 15 N HSQC and 1 H- 15 N HMBC 2D-NMR, as well as high resolution MS. A whole genome sequence of the strain showed the presence of ten natural product-biosynthetic gene clusters, including one responsible for the biosynthesis of desferrioxamine B. Whilst 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that the isolate was most closely related to the type strain of Micromonospora chalcea , a whole genome sequence analysis revealed it to be most closely related to Micromonospora tulbaghiae 45142 T . The two strains were distinguished using a combination of genomic and phenotypic features. Based on these data, it is proposed that strain MT25 T (NCIMB 15245 T , TISTR 2834 T ) be classified as Micromonospora provocatoris sp. nov. Analysis of the genome sequence of strain MT25 T (genome size 6.1 Mbp) revealed genes predicted to responsible for its adaptation to extreme environmental conditions that prevail in deep-sea sediments.