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Context: Within the western and central North Pacific Ocean stock of striped marlin (Kajikia audax), reproductive information is lacking for the central North Pacific. Aims: To derive estimates of sex-specific functional maturity ogives, eye-to-fork length at 50% maturity, reproductive phase composition, spawning season and sex ratios by sampling the Hawaii-based pelagic longline fishery. Methods: Gonad histology was exclusively used to confirm sex and estimate all reproductive life history traits. Key results: Females spawn in May–July; males are capable of spawning year-round. Best length at 50% maturity estimates were based on datasets restricted to the female spawning season (eye–fork length for females 152.2 cm and for males 109.0 cm). Length distributions and sex ratios are seasonally dynamic around Hawaii and differ from those in other Pacific regions. Conclusions: Length-at-maturity estimates for the central North Pacific are lower than all sex-specific estimates reported from other Pacific regions. Implications: The new maturity estimates will improve determinations of stock resilience and productivity in upcoming international assessments. Striped marlin spawning in the central North Pacific was previously little studied. Our investigation has shown that both females and males mature at smaller sizes than in all other Pacific regions surveyed. These results have direct application for current efforts to evaluate the health and resilience of the population in the western and central North Pacific, which is currently considered to be commercially overfished and subject to continued overfishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]