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This article presents a nature-inspired optimization technique, namely the moth flame optimization (MFO) algorithm, for tuning the PID controller parameters in the variable range of split-range control scheme to regulate the temperature of the mixing process. Further, the performance of the controller using Ziegler–Nichols (Z–N) tuning method and MFO algorithm is compared for the same. In this study, the controller parameters are tuned using both the methods for various temperature setpoints, and the performance of the controller for the individual temperature setpoints is analyzed in terms of settling time and demand of utilities. Investigations are conducted on the basis of the effect of dead time in the valve and the effect of process disturbance. The performance of the controller is also investigated on the basis of utility consumption using a valve with no dead time. The results show that MFO-based tuning approach provides a significant improvement as compared to Z–N tuning method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]