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The relationship between the value of currency or foreign exchange between two nations has been explained by author Ian H. Giddy using four related theories, first, the purchasing power parity theory, second, the interest rate parity theory, third, the interest rate theory of exchange rate expectations, and fourth, the forward rate theory of exchange rate expectations. If these events and the relative changes of these events between two countries, the United States and Canada are related to leading economic indicators, then one can hypothesize a relationship between the relative movements of a country's leading economic indicators and the movement of the foreign exchange rates both spot and forward. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between leading economic indicators of two countries and the foreign exchange rates of these countries. The forecasting of foreign exchange rates in an efficient market has received considerable attention from both academics and practitioners as evidenced by the extensive nature of the literature discussed in this article. This paper presents an alternative approach to foreign exchange rate forecasting which has not yet become a part of the growing literature on foreign exchange forecasting. The results indicate that a model using leading economic indicators lagged for 5 periods can forecast future exchange rate movements as well as the naive martingale model.

The major concern in this paper has been to examine conflict in export manufacturer distributor relationships, and the degree of association between conflict and the stake of the manufacturer in the relationship, and the performance of the channel in question. This paper reports findings from a survey of Canadian manufacturers using an exporting arrangement to run their own overseas marketing operations. A number of factors militate against this choice, such as low sales volumes in individual markets and high start-up and running costs of overseas sales branches. The survey sample comprised nineteen Canadian manufacturing companies exporting industrial goods to Great Britain and selling through independent distributors. The study reported here is an early attempt to empirically examine behavior in export marketing channels. Whilst a good amount of channel field studies have been conducted, the focus of studies extent has almost exclusively been domestic. While channel management is universally important, the separation of most exporters and their overseas distributors makes the matter critical once goods flow across international boundaries.

The future environment is of great interest to all planners whether they be concerned with the problems of business, government or society as a whole. Forecasting the possible scenarios for the future is central to the concept of preparing an organization for reaching its stated objectives. There are many means of forecasting the future and many forecasts have been prepared however, there is a continuous need by many individuals and organizations for investigating possible alternative futures. If several forecasts are available, then plans can be pre- pared to take into account various contingencies, the forecasts can be analyzed to identify possible opportunities and each organization can make itself ready for its own journey into the future. This paper presents the results and methodology of one attempt to forecast the future by collecting and analyzing the views of managers and executives from many Canadian associations. Canada is not expected to become economically bankrupt and it is expected that improved world communications will lead to improved prospects for world peace.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of two research studies which examined the differences in the attribute profiles of profitable as compared to unprofitable companies in Great Britain wool textile industry and the Canadian leather accessory industry. The attribute profiles consisted of a wide range of factors which measured managerial attitudes, organizational design, financial variables and many other attributes of the firm. The research study was confined to two individual industries to eliminate problems associated with comparing companies from separate industries having differing industry structures and market pressures. The group profiles of profitable and unprofitable companies for Great Britain wool textile industry were found to differ on 41 attributes. The appropriate non-parametric tests of statistical difference and association were used to ensure that these results were significant at the 95 percent confidence level. The profiles for the Canadian leather industry differed significantly on 43 attributes.

The article presents information related to International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP)congress to be held in Toronto, Ontario from August 8-12. IFIP Congress 77 and Exhibition will be held in Toronto. This meeting is sponsored by the IFIP, which represents the information processing interests of its 35 member countries throughout the world. Past congresses held in Paris, Munich, New York City and other places have been major occasions for the world-wide exchange of information processing techniques and technology. The theme of the program is the maturing profession, perspective and prospects. Three types of presentation are being planned, invited papers, relating the conference theme to broad areas of information processing, submitted papers, reporting on significant current development in information processing, panel discussion exploring the present state of the art and current trends and involving audience participation and special interest sessions formatted according to particular requirements.