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Nowadays, the development of Internet technology and the effects of digital transformation are leading to the need for more skillful information and communications technology (ICT) specialists in almost every sector of the economy, in order to benefit from technological innovations. That also leads to the need for every employee to be prepared for new changes in production and service delivery processes. In this study, the factors of digital skills in enterprises that significantly affect the digital entrepreneurship start-up sub-index and digital entrepreneurship scale-up sub-index in the EU countries, are identified and the models are designed to analyse the relationships between the factors. In an increasingly digital world, where production processes and service delivery are continuously evolving, EU countries, that is, policymakers and entrepreneurs should be aware of the digital transformation and, thus, pay attention to the digital skills and provide learning opportunities and supportive environment for the workers in acquiring the new skills and knowledge.

Cruise tourism generates different types of cruise consumption and related indirect, direct and induced expenditure effects, in homeports as well as in ports of call. Cruise passengers’ expenditures produce positive economic effects for destinations, from increasing the incomes and employment, to tax incomes, duties, etc. Therefore, it is no doubt that cruise stakeholders and local economies can benefit from increased cruise passenger consumption. To stimulate higher consumption and passengers’ satisfaction, it is necessary to design the supportive policy framework and build appropriate quality of products and services. Identifying influential variables of cruise passengers’ expenditures in this sense enables the design of appropriate policies and measures. In the current research, based on a survey of 357 cruise passengers, several variables included in a new theoretical model of the expenditures determinants, such as gender, nationality, frequency of cruising and frequency of visits, were found to be statistically significantly associated with cruise passengers’ expenditures. Several conclusions and suggestions to stimulate cruise passenger expenditures based on research findings are provided.