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Molecular motor amphiphiles have already been widely attempted for dynamic nanosystems across multiple length-scale for developments of small functional materials, including controlling macroscopic foam properties, amplifying motion as artificial molecular muscles, and serving as extracellular matrix mimicking cell scaffolds. However, limiting examples of bola-type molecular motor amphiphiles are considered for constructing macroscopic biomaterials. Herein, this work presents the designed two second generation molecular motor amphiphiles, motor bola-amphiphiles (MBAs). Aside from the photoinduced motor rotation of MBAs achieved in both organic and aqueous media, the rate of recovering thermal helix inversion step can be controlled by the rotor part with different steric hindrances. Dynamic assembled structures of MBAs are observed under (cryo)-transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This dynamicity assists MBAs in further assembling as macroscopic soft scaffolds by applying a shear-flow method. Upon photoirradiation, the phototropic bending function of MBA scaffolds is observed, demonstrating the amplification of molecular motion into macroscopic phototropic bending functions at the macroscopic length-scale. Since MBAs are confirmed with low cytotoxicity, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) can grow on the surface of MBA scaffolds. These results clearly demonstrate the concept of designing MBAs for developing photoresponsive dynamic functional materials to create new-generation soft robotic systems and cell-material interfaces., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

This research presents a new approach to facilely fabricating a multifunctional film using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the base material. The film is modified chemically to incorporate various desirable properties such as high transparency, UV-shielding, antibacterial activity, and fluorescence. The fabrication process of this film is straightforward and efficient. The modified film showed exceptional UV-blocking capability, effectively blocking 100% of UV radiation. It also exhibits strong antibacterial properties. Additionally, the film emitted bright blue fluorescence, which can be useful in various optical and sensing applications. Despite the chemical modification, the film retained the excellent properties of PVA, including high transparency (90%) at 550 nm and good mechanical strength. Furthermore, it demonstrated remarkable stability even under harsh conditions such as exposure to long-term UV radiation, extreme temperatures (-40 or 120 °C), or immersion in different solvents. Overall, this work showcases a promising strategy to develop versatile, structurally stable, transparent, and flexible polymer films with multiple functionalities. These films have potential applications in various fields that require protection, such as packaging materials, biomedical devices, and optical components., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Cellulose is a promising feedstock for the production of sustainable materials. To fully utilize its potential, exploring efficient cellulose solvents is a paramount prerequisite. In this study, ten superbase amino acid ionic liquids (SAAILs) are synthesized using 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN) and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) with different amino acid anions via a simple neutralization method. The properties of these SAAILs, such as viscosity and glass transition temperature, varied with their cation and anion structures. The ability of the SAAILs to dissolve cellulose is related to their Kamlet-Taft parameters, particularly hydrogen bond basicity (β). The main driving force for cellulose dissolution in SAAILs is thought to be hydrogen bonding interactions between SAAILs and cellulose hydroxyl groups. Four SAAILs composed of DBN or DBU cations and proline, or aspartic acid anions are identified as promising solvents for preparing regenerated cellulose films (RCFs). The RCF prepared from [DBN]Proline(Pro) showed a favorable combination of high tensile strength (76.9 MPa), high Young's modulus (5201.2 MPa), good transparency (≈70% at 550 nm), and smooth surface morphology. These halogen- and metal-free SAAILs show the potential to provide a new avenue for cellulose processing., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Efficient and sustainable ultraviolet (UV)-blocking materials are of great interest in many fields. Herein, novel cellulose-based UV-blocking films are developed via surface modification using the Biginelli reaction. The resulting films exhibited excellent visible transparency (80%) at 550 nm and superhigh UV-blocking performance, which can shield almost 100% UVA and UVB. These features are very stable even the materials are being subjected to solvents, UV irradiation, and thermal treatment. This work provides a novel and facile strategy to fabricate functional cellulose-based films with superhigh anti-ultraviolet performance., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) based on the thiol-Michael (TM) linkages can be thermal and pH responsive. Here, a new vinyl-sulfone-based thiol-Michael crosslinker is synthesized and incorporated into acrylate-based CANs to achieve stable materials with dynamic properties. Because of the reversible TM linkages, excellent temperature-responsive re-healing and malleability properties are achieved. In addition, for the first time, a photoresponsive coumarin moiety is incorporated with TM-based CANs to introduce light-mediated reconfigureability and postpolymerization crosslinking. Overall, these materials can be on demand dynamic in response to heat and light but can retain mechanical stability at ambient condition., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Herein, a novel, facile, and versatile approach to fabricate highly flexible and conductive paper is proposed by electroless deposition (ELD) with the assistance of aminocellulose as the interface layer. The obtained Cu nanoparticles (NPs)-coated cellulose paper is highly conductive with a significant low resistance of 0.38 Ω sq -1 after only 10 min of ELD treatment. This conductive cellulose paper shows excellent stability when it suffers from bending, folding, and tape adhesion cycles. With the same method, the Cu NPs can also be successfully deposited on the polypropylene (PP)-filled hybrid paper. The conductive paper exhibits very smooth and hydrophobic surface with high reflection, which can be used for special electronic devices. In a word, the fabrication of aminocellulose interface permits a controlled ELD of metal nanoparticles on paper substrate, and this mild and low-cost method opens up new opportunities for large-scale production of flexible and wearable electronics., (© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Flexible electronics require its substrate to have adequate thermal stability, but current thermally stable polymer substrates are difficult to be disintegrated and recycled; hence, generate enormous electronic solid waste. Here, a thermally stable and green solvent-disintegrable polymer substrate is developed for flexible electronics to promote their recyclability and reduce solid waste generation. Thanks to the proper design of rigid backbones and rational adjustments of polar and bulky side groups, the polymer substrate exhibits excellent thermal and mechanical properties with thermal decomposition temperature (T d,5% ) of 430 °C, upper operating temperature of over 300 °C, coefficient of thermal expansion of 48 ppm K -1 , tensile strength of 103 MPa, and elastic modulus of 2.49 GPa. Furthermore, the substrate illustrates outstanding optical and dielectric properties with high transmittance of 91% and a low dielectric constant of 2.30. Additionally, it demonstrates remarkable chemical and flame resistance. A proof-of-concept flexible printed circuit device is fabricated with this substrate, which demonstrates outstanding mechanical-electrical stability. Most importantly, the substrate can be quickly disintegrated and recycled with alcohol. With outstanding thermally stable properties, accompanied by excellent recyclability, the substrate is particularly attractive for a wide range of electronics to reduce solid waste generation, and head toward flexible and "green" electronics., (© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Enzymatic catalysis and control over macromolecular architectures from reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) are combined to give a new method of making polymers. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is used to catalytically generate radicals using hydrogen peroxide and acetylacetone as a mediator. RAFT is used to control the polymer structure. HRP catalyzed RAFT polymerization gives acrylate and acrylamide polymers with relatively narrow molecular weight distributions. The polymerization is rapid, typically exceeding 90% monomer conversion in 30 min. Complex macromolecular architectures including a block copolymer and a protein-polymer conjugate are synthesized using HRP to catalytically initiate RAFT polymerization., (© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

A green chemoenzymatic pathway for the synthesis of conducting polyaniline (PANI) composites is presented. Laccase-catalyzed polymerization in combination with anionic polysaccharides is used to produce polysaccharide/PANI composites, which can be processed into flexible films or coated onto cellulose surfaces. Different polysaccharide templates are assessed, including κ-carrageenan, native spruce O-acetyl galactoglucomannan (GGM), and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose and GGM. The resulted conducting biocomposites derived from natural materials provide a broad range of potential applications, such as in biosensors, electronic devices, and tissue engineering., (Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

In this work, we demonstrate for the first time a template free approach to synthesize aligned polyaniline nanofiber (PN) array on a passivated gold (Au) substrate via a facile wet chemical process. The Au surface was first modified using 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) to afford the surface functionality, followed subsequently by an oxidation polymerization of aniline (AN) monomer in an aqueous medium using ammonium persulfate as the oxidant and tartaric acid as the doping agent. The results show that a vertically aligned PANI nanofiber array with individual fiber diameters of ca. 100 nm, heights of ca. 600 nm and a packing density of ca. 40 pieces·µm(-2) , was synthesized., (Copyright © 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)