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This article examines the Arab-Ottoman scholar 'Abd al-Rahman Al-Baghdadi's late-nineteenth-century journey to Brazil as an early encounter in the global South. Arriving at Rio de Janeiro in 1866, Al-Baghdadi established contact with Muslim enslaved and freed men of West African descent (malês). At their request, he stayed for three years in the country, guiding malê communities in Rio, Salvador, and Recife. Recently, the Summit of South American-Arab Countries (ASPA) sponsored a trilingual edition of Al-Baghdadi's 1871 travelogue Musalliyat al-garib bi-kull amr 'ağib (Deleite do estrangeiro em tudo o que é espantoso e maravilhoso / El deleite del extranjero en todo lo que es asombroso y maravilloso), which presents his journey as an early example of collaboration between Brazil and the Arab world and of solidarity in the global South. This article revisits Al-Baghdadi's travelogue to critically evaluate this reading and to outline the possibilities and limitations of South-South encounters. After an overview of late-Ottoman views on slavery and Blackness as well as the tumultuous history of Islam in Brazil, I examine the travelogue to lay out four aspects of such encounters: the difficulty of recognition, the traveler's conflicting solidarities, the presence of local allies, and the tension between orthodoxy and adaptation. I conclude that while encounters in the global South are obstructed by several difficulties because of their unsystematic nature, they allow for unexpected affects and solidarities. Este artigo examina a jornada do estudioso árabe-otomano 'Abd al-Rahman Al-Baghdadi para o Brasil no final do século XIX como um dos primeiros encontros no Sul global. Chegando ao Rio de Janeiro em 1866, Al-Baghdadi estabelece contato com muçulmanos escravizados e libertos originários da África Ocidental (os malês), e a pedido deles permaneceu por três anos no país, ensinando o Islã no Rio, em Salvador e em Recife. Recentemente, a Cúpula América do [End Page 196] Sul-Países Árabes (ASPA) patrocinou uma edição trilíngue do diário de viagem de Al-Baghdadi Musalliyat al-garib bi-kull amr 'ağib (Deleite do estrangeiro em tudo o que é espantoso e maravilhoso / El deleite del extranjero en todo lo que es asombroso y maravilloso , 1871), onde sua viagem é interpretada como um dos primeiros exemplos de colaboração entre as duas regiões e de solidariedade no Sul global. Este artigo revisita o diário de viagem de imame para avaliar essa leitura e delinear as possibilidades e limitações dos encontros Sul-Sul. Após um panorama das ideias contemporâneas sobre a escravidão e a negridão no Império Otomano e a tumultuosa história do Islã no Brasil, examinamos o diário de viagem para expor quatro aspectos dos encontros Sul-Sul: a dificuldade do reconhecimento, as solidariedades conflitantes do viajante, a presença dos aliados locais e a tensão entre a ortodoxia e a adaptação. Concluímos que, embora os encontros no Sul Global sejam obstruídos por uma série de dificuldades devido à sua natureza não sistemática, eles permitem afetos e solidariedades inesperados. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By mid-century, the radical liberals embraced the Dois de Julho procession as a way to express patriotic fervor, pride in Bahia, and expand a sense of national citizenship. Bahia's Independence: Popular Politics and Patriotic Festival in Salvador, Brazil, 1824-1900 by Hendrik Kraay (review) Bahia's Independence: Popular Politics and Patriotic Festival in Salvador, Brazil, 1824-1900. [Extracted from the article]

A notable scholar of modern Brazilian history, McCann taught at the University of New Hampshire from 1972 to 2007. Beginning in the late 1960s, he travelled frequently in Brazil and following his retirement from the university, McCann explored all but a few corners of the country. Francis D. McCann Jr. Professor of History Emeritus, University of New Hampshire, died April 2, 2021. [Extracted from the article]

This essay examines the use of silence as a symbolic, thematic, and stylistic tool employed by Afro-Brazilian writer Conceição Evaristo in Ponciá Vicêncio (2003), within the larger context of the literature written by black women. Focusing on Ponciá, a sculptor who is evasive and emotionally absent, the novel presents narrative gaps and ruptures that foreground silence. Building on theoretical works that examine the role of silence in subaltern discourse, this essay demonstrates how Evaristo transforms silence into an empowering tool that highlights the systematic erasure of black female subjectivity from Brazilian history and literature. In Ponciá Vicêncio, Evaristo makes use of silence to denounce the adverse living conditions of Afro-Brazilians, more specifically their daily, albeit often invisible, reality of exploitation, injustice, and resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the strategies used by Lima Barreto for catering to the emerging mass readerships in Brazil in the first decades of the twentieth century. While many writers and intellectuals reacted against the incorporation of literature into mass society, others embraced the opportunity to reach out to an unprecedented number of readers in Brazil through popular illustrated magazines. The article will provide the context and give some examples of how Lima Barreto engaged with these periodicals (particularly with Careta) and how he positioned himself against the elitist tendency in literature in Brazil and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article takes issue with the common assumption that Dilma Rousseff's impeachment proceedings should be blamed on the revolts of June 2013. Rather than taking the ousting of the former President as the point of arrival of a causal chain, I privilege the June uprisings as the truly unique event in contemporary Brazilian politics. After analyzing the singularity and the multiplicity of the June revolts, I go on to argue that they laid bare and accelerated a profound crisis of Lulismo, emblematized in the collapse of its three major rhetorical strategies: antagonism (the constant search for an antagonist in the body politic), contradiction (the successive alternation between compromise and radicalism), and oxymoron (the simultaneous maintenance of antagonisms and contradictions). Looked at from the point of view of the epochal events of June, Rousseff's impeachment appears as a minor adjustment of the oligarchic pact, a charade that is fairly standard in Brazilian history. On the other hand, June remains open as a source of emancipatory impulses, as an event whose legacy is still in dispute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the debate around testimony and its place within a culture of memory vis-à-vis other kinds of discourses (especially the literary) as they pertain to a book that has garnered significant media and critical attention in Brazil, K. by Bernardo Kucinski. Based on real events, the author draws from his memories of those times, often writing about his own direct experience, but deploying a range of literary strategies to tell the story. In addition, the book provides an opportunity to insert Brazil into the discussion of the role of testimony in Latin American cultures of memory. The relative absence of testimonies in the country can be attributed to its protracted and controlled transition from dictatorship to democracy and the near thirty-year delay in creating its Comissão Nacional da Verdade, or National Truth Commission. Having gone through multiple editions in various translations and having been featured extensively at national and international literary events, Kucinski’s novel offers a window into Brazil’s memory culture and a basis for comparison with other countries in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines photographic depictions of the social and economic relationship between the elite and working classes that appeared in the popular and literary press in Recife in the 1920s. Editors and publishers used photographs to document the rapid growth and modernization of the city. The content, framing, and juxtaposition of photographs, as well as the relationship between images and texts, created a contrast between rich and poor, black and white, and work and leisure which both underscored the importance of traditional social and economic relationships and advanced the ideals of a modern, liberal society. The author shows how the new visual medium of the photograph helped Recifenses process and negotiate the transformations of the 1920s. The presence of the working classes and poor in magazines marketed to the middle and upper classes suggests that historians should examine the social, political, and textual contexts that frame photographs in order to understand the formation of individual and group identities as well as the ways in which changing social and political ideals are expressed visually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artigo considera as representações dos géneros alimentícios, da alimentação, das refeições e condutas alimentares nos documentos sobre o descobrimento do Brasil. A análise centra-se especialmente na carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha a El-Rei Dom Manuel, visto ser o mais completo e significativo desses documentos. Este trabalho examina em primeiro lugar a importância dos géneros alimentícios na Europa de então, e como a infinita abundância encontrada no Brasil compete com as riquezas do império espanhol. Em segundo lugar, a alimentação, as refeições e as condutas à mesa funcionam para distinguir, por um lado, a 'civilidade' e a 'cultura' dos portugueses e, por outro, a 'selvajaria' e a 'ignorância' da população indígena. A comida, ou o acto de alimentar, transforma-se então numa experiência social destinada a converter e a domesticar o indígena de acordo com as ambições dos portugueses, os novos senhores da terra. Em último lugar, verifica-se também que os géneros alimentícios do Novo Mundo e as práticas indígenas resistem e subvertem as tentativas de conquista dos portugueses. A narrativa revela então não só algumas ocasiões de dissidência, mas também momentos nos quais os nativos desvendam a sua destreza e sabedoria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existia um imperialismo brasileiro? O termo "império brasileiro" é uma daquelas que os estudiosos utilizam muito mas interrogam pouco. Este artigo considera o signiicado da palavra império no contexto brasileiro, utilizando como fonte de inspiração ideias desenvolvidas por Wiebke Ipsen, historiadora que faleceu em 2009 depois de uma luta prolongada com câncer. Baseado em pesquisa original, o artigo utiliza duas pessoas, uma esquecida e outra muita conhecida, para sugerir novos caminhos na história dos séculos dezenove e vinte. A primeira personagem, Jovita Alves Feitosa, vestiu- se de homem e tentou lutar na Guerra de Paraguai. A segunda igura, o Barão do Rio Branco, foi um dos diplomatas mais importantes da virada do século. Considerados juntos, a Jovita e o Barão, e as memórias coletivas dos dois, sugerem que existia, sim, um "imperialismo brasileiro, " mas que se o encontra em lugares surpreendentes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the social relations among whites, native peoples, slaves, and runaway slaves in the Brazilian province of Espirito Santo during the first half of the nineteenth century. In particular, it seeks to explain how these interethnic relations contributed to the proliferation of runaway slave communities ("quilombos") during this period. From the documents which have been analyzed, Espirito Santos wilderness ("sertâo") appears to be the scene of an interesting social-ethnic interaction among landlords, Indians, and enslaved Africans beyond the simple common view of a place of "barbaric peoples," renegades and criminals. In this contact zone, two forms of social-ethnic alliances stand out and deserve to be studied more carefully: settlers and Indians fighting against the runaway slaves hidden in the forests, and the armed slaves and settlers fighting the Indians. The research is based on documents obtained from Arquivo Público do Estado do Espirito Santo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the economic history of the Amazon Region in Brazil during the 17th and 18th centuries, with a focus on the trade of cacao and clove in the states of Maranhão and Pará. It is the author's view that the development of an extractive economy in Maranhão did not imply a failure of the plantation economy favored by the Portuguese empire in the rest of Brazil, but the discovery of new products in the Amazonia. Subjects discussed include the working conditions of Indians in the region, the decline of Portuguese domain in India, and the cacao plantations in Spanish colonies in America.

In Dramaturgia comparada Estados Unidos/Brasil: três estudos, Maria Sílvia Betti presents a comprehensive yet refined interrogation of dominant trends regarding the reception, circulation, and production of U.S. theater and critical analyses within Brazil on canonical pieces and playwrights from the twentieth century. Through a detailed description of the conditions upon which modern U.S. theater was implemented in Brazil, the author demonstrates how this implementation took place during a period of profound economic and political changes to the fabric of Brazilian society. Dramaturgia comparada Estados Unidos/Brasil: três estudos provides a much-needed overview of adaptations of canonical U.S. theater in the Brazilian context, and the historical, political, cultural, and theoretical implications of the dramaturgical exchanges between these two national contexts during the twentieth century. [Extracted from the article]

This paper analyses the ideas of Araripe Jr. concerning Brazilian identity, by means of the study of his writings devoted to the understanding of the Brazilian cultural process in connection with the particularities of its environmental and natural conditions. In his literary criticism, Araripe Jr. developed an inventive critical style and created complex concepts like obnubilação brasílica, a reference to the differentiation process experienced by the European mentality in contact with Brazilian nature. That notion enabled him to produce an original interpretation of Brazilian culture and history. His theories are very distinct from others, as Araripe It. denied the relevance given to the racial approach favored by his contemporaries. Combining the scientific influences that marked the so-called geração de 1870 (Buckle, Taine and Ratzel) and an enduring romantic tradition, the critic traced a parallel between the originality of the tropical environment and the originality of Brazilian culture. Those ideas allowed him to find a peculiar approach to the controversial question of European influence on Brazilian literature. Finally, this paper seeks to demonstrate how some of Araripe Jr. 's ideas can find correspondence in the writings of Graça Aranha, Mário de Andrade and Paulo Prado. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigates the appointment of minors to the office of familiar of the Portuguese Inquisition in Pernambuco, Brazil. Comparison of minors and all familiares appointed in Pernambuco; Reason behind the shift in inquisitional activity from prosecution to promotion; Efforts by status conscious families to seek outward manifestations of social honor.

Examines the proposition that the aesthetic and political claims advanced by anthropophagy in Brazil and its effect on modernism. Association of Oswald de Andrade with the anthropophagy movement in Brazil; Rise of anthropophagy movement in Brazil; Importance of Brazil on the economic development of Europe.

Examines the role of Johann Henrich Amadeus De Graaf in the Communist Revolution of 1935 in Brazil. Role of the Comintern's blueprint in the failure of the communist movement; Role of De Graaf in the development of the link among Russia, Brazil and Japan.

Explores the political culture and identity formation in Brazil during the Regency and Dom Pedro II's reign. Nativist reaction to the abdication of Dom Pedro I; Discussion on restorationist movements in 1832; Description of rural politics in the country.

Examines the status of slavery and punishment in Brazil in the 19th century. Imposition of death penalty; Reforms in a Brazilian law which moderated state use of the lash for ordinary crimes; Cities in the country in the 19th century which depended on slave labor; Revolts of slaves.

Discusses the history of Pernambuco, Brazil after Emperor Pedro I abdicated the throne on April 7, 1831. Politics in Pernambuco prior to Emperor Pedro's abdication; Series of revolts and uprisings after his abdication; Social and economic issues which lead to the revolts.

Examines the dimensions of royal authority, empire and colonialism in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from 1808 to 1821. Discussion on the city's monarchy and empire renewal; Creation of the country's constitution; Renewal of monarchy and empire at the end of the colonial system in Brazil.

Introduces a series of articles which explores the political history of Brazil in the 19th century. Social problems bequeathed by colonialism; Upheavals in the first decades of Brazil's independence.

Presents information on a study which examined the attempt of Brazilian governments to construct and impose a national cultural identity from 1808 to 1930. Imposition of a national culture associated with the romantic nationalism of contemporary Europe; Stabilization of the Republic after the political violence and financial turmoil in 1889; Emergence of a Brazilian culture.