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The lung cyst is an air-containing lucent area surrounded by thin imperceptible walls. Other lucent lung lesions like centrilobular emphysema, cavity, cystic bronchiectasis, honeycomb cyst, and pneumatoceles are close mimics of a lung cyst on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Various diseases with multiple lung cysts throughout both the lungs are classified as diffuse cystic lung diseases (DCLDs). HRCT is considered the imaging of choice for diagnosis of such diffuse cystic lung diseases. Common DCLDs like lymphangioleiomyomatosis, Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome (BHS), Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP), and desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP) can be confidently diagnosed on HRCT without further requirement of histopathological confirmation. The imaging also helps in differentiation of uncommon DCLDs and exclusion of the mimics. This review describes a simple algorithmic approach for DCLDs on HRCT based on scrutinizing the cyst's distribution, size, and shape, background parenchymal changes, and its correlation with clinical features and extrapulmonary imaging findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lung cyst is an air-containing lucent area surrounded by thin imperceptible walls. Other lucent lung lesions like centrilobular emphysema, cavity, cystic bronchiectasis, honeycomb cyst, and pneumatoceles are close mimics of a lung cyst on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Various diseases with multiple lung cysts throughout both the lungs are classified as diffuse cystic lung diseases (DCLDs). HRCT is considered the imaging of choice for diagnosis of such diffuse cystic lung diseases. Common DCLDs like lymphangioleiomyomatosis, Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome (BHS), Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP), and desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP) can be confidently diagnosed on HRCT without further requirement of histopathological confirmation. The imaging also helps in differentiation of uncommon DCLDs and exclusion of the mimics. This review describes a simple algorithmic approach for DCLDs on HRCT based on scrutinizing the cyst's distribution, size, and shape, background parenchymal changes, and its correlation with clinical features and extrapulmonary imaging findings.

A 26-year-old smoker male presented with a history of sudden onset dyspnea and right-sided chest pain. Chest radiograph revealed large right-sided pneumothorax which was managed with tube thoracostomy. High-resolution computed tomography thorax revealed multiple lung cysts, and for a definite diagnosis, a video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery-guided lung biopsy was performed followed by pleurodesis. This clinicopathologic conference discusses the clinical and radiological differential diagnoses, utility of lung biopsy, and management options for patients with such a clinical presentation.

A 26-year-old smoker male presented with a history of sudden onset dyspnea and right-sided chest pain. Chest radiograph revealed large right-sided pneumothorax which was managed with tube thoracostomy. High-resolution computed tomography thorax revealed multiple lung cysts, and for a definite diagnosis, a video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery-guided lung biopsy was performed followed by pleurodesis. This clinicopathologic conference discusses the clinical and radiological differential diagnoses, utility of lung biopsy, and management options for patients with such a clinical presentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberculosis is known to cause both cystic lung disease and bronchocentric granulomatosis (BCG). However, both are rare manifestations of this common disease. We report a case of BCG with extensive cystic lung disease in a young female who presented with fever, weight loss, and recurrent pneumothoraces with respiratory failure. Early diagnosis and treatment are imperative, as appropriate therapy may be life-saving in such cases.

Tuberculosis is known to cause both cystic lung disease and bronchocentric granulomatosis (BCG). However, both are rare manifestations of this common disease. We report a case of BCG with extensive cystic lung disease in a young female who presented with fever, weight loss, and recurrent pneumothoraces with respiratory failure. Early diagnosis and treatment are imperative, as appropriate therapy may be life-saving in such cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]