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An injury might derange the protective function of the blood-brain barrier, and thus it represents one of the possible pathogenetic factors in the demyelination of the neural axis. However, the effect of injury on the occurrence or deterioration of multiple sclerosis is still controversial. According to most authors, the importance of injury in individual cases of multiple sclerosis is undeniable, as well as the fact that injuries are factors of progression and deterioration of the disease, but never its cause. Consequently, injuries can cause only temporary disability, and not permanent. Nevertheless, the incidence of multiple sclerosis increases proportionally to the severity of injury. The length of the period from the occurrence of injury to possible demyelination is still not established. Studies and clinical reports point to the fact that in the evaluation of injury as a precipitating factor for the vulnerability of the blood-brain barrier, the severity of the injury is of greater importance than its site.

Multiple sclerosis, original primary demyelination in the central nervous system, is a disease of as yet unknown cause. Epidemiologic research may contribute to the clarification of this problem. Migration studies have proven that susceptibility to multiple sclerosis is associated with ethnic origin and environment, and that the critical age for the disease development is till 15 years. In Croatia, emigrating inhabitants of Gorski Kotar, a region with high exposure to this disease, carry the risk of multiple sclerosis development, provided that have emigrated after adolescence.

Almost all the neurological diseases can imitate multiple sclerosis. No strictly specific laboratory test has become as yet available for its diagnosis. Information obtained by clinical examination of the patient--dissemination of different symptoms at the same time and the same symptom in various periods--supplemented by neuroradiological, neurophysiological and biological supplementary tests allow making diagnosis of multiple sclerosis with about hundred percent certainty.