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The following research describes argument marking in the Huarpean languages --Millcayac and Allentiac--, focusing on the determination of their marking locus and alignment type. With respect to the locus, several systems are observed coexisting in the synchronic stage described by Luis de Valdivia. In both languages, a split alignment is observed in flagging constructions, between nominative-accusative and neutral, and secundative and indirective alignments. In the indexing constructions, a nominativeaccusative alignment and one of secundative type are recognized. Finally, regarding the diachronic process, we propose that the Huarpean languages might have exhibited a predominance of marking through flagging, and that they would have gradually incorporated argument indexing constructions at the time they were documented by Valdivia, possibly as a result of the influence of surrounding Andean languages, especially Quechua. In fact, from this language, they would have received the case marker -ta and the object morpheme pu-. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Kichwa language is used in commercial names in Quito, the capital of Ecuador, where most of the population self-identifies as mestizo and does not speak Kichwa. The usage of Kichwa is very limited in social interactions in Quito, yet its presence in the city's linguistic landscape is evident. These names are associated with concepts like organic, artisanal, or national; and so assign an additional commercial value to the product. Accordingly, surveys and interviews show that the meanings of Kichwa words in commercial names are unknown by the population. This use of the Kichwa language represents a case of cultural exploitation as it is causing the language to be resignified through a process of language commodification resulting in commercial benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific etymology, as opposed to the naive or the purely impressionistic, finds its strongest support in historical linguistics, and, in turn, within this discipline, in its consecratory discovery of the regularity of sound change. By virtue of this attribute, the researcher, in this case the etymologist, is capable of finding the etymology of a given term of which he wasn't yet sure. Furthermore, by taking into account the regularity of the change, he can predict it, even in absence of available corroborating corpus at hand. Empirical confirmation for an etymological prospect can be found either with the discovery of novel dialect forms not previously known, or by virtue of unsuspected evidence provided by philologically interpreted written record. The present work aims to demonstrate the importance of written source, printed or manuscript, as a rich and inexhaustible vein of information thanks to which the hypothetical postulations made by the etymologist can be tested and eventually corroborated. More specifically, this essay will test the impressive predictive potential of regular sound change by using examples taken from Quechua and Aymara. Our exposition goes as follows: after a general introduction on the development of historical linguistics in the Andean region, we focus our discussion on regular sound change and its predictive nature within Andean linguistics studies with corroborating evidence of dialectal as well as documental (published) material. A fourth section provides new and revealing archival evidence. In sum, the evidence provided, both printed or unpublished, revolves around the etymology of onomastic terms such as , a nobility title, and , a well-known Andean ethno-toponym. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a new approach to the (re)ordering of subject and object morphemes in verb agreement of Ayacuchan Quechua. Our analysis is based on Distributed Morphology (Halle and Marantz 1993), which proposes operations on morphemes in the morphological component. We conclude that the addressee feature of the second-person object morpheme -nki «wins» when it comes to specificity and, therefore, it appears in a subject position, which results in the occurrence of -yki as an allomorph and the appearance of -su. Finally, we propose the occurrence of -su as a transitional defective morpheme, which cannot be considered as a third or second person pronoun. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the examples of the Quechua grammars composed between 1560 and 1753: a total of nine missionary arts. It analyses the marking of the examples, their topics, their function and their origin so that, on the one hand, it brings to light the links that exist between the grammars of this tradition and, on the other hand, it connects the examples used by the missionaries with the didactic and evangelizing purposes of these grammatical texts. To this end, this paper focuses on the analysis of the chapters related to nouns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the studies of Alfredo Torero, Ecuadorian-Colombian Quechua is often considered to come from a variety that was formerly spoken on the central coast of Peru and introduced into Ecuador through maritime trade long before the formation of the Inca empire. Based on a dialectal comparison and an examination of historical sources, we refute this thesis and show that Northern Quechua is the product of a strong influence of Cuzco Quechua on the speech of the North Peruvian settlers that were brought by the Incas into Ecuador. Finally, this case study leads us to question the genetic classification of Quechua dialects proposed by Torero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

De Saussure's idea that phonological systems are based on distinctive oppositions crystalizes in the work of Jakobson and his collaborators with the "dichotomous scale" of distinctive features. For these scholars, the way a language works, as well as the way it is acquired and lost, depends on the hierarchical organization of the distinctive features. The work of Dresher and his collaborators recovers the importance of this fundamental conception of phonological systems, with the name "contrastive hierarchy". In this paper, I show that the acquisition of the Spanish vocalic system by Quechua speakers and of the Quechua vocalic system by Spanish speakers amounts to the acquisition of L2 oppositions on the basis of L1 oppositions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the interdisciplinary nature of the toponymy leads to a practice in which different disciplines are involved, one should not ignore the essential role of linguistics, the central role of it or what it should have in the proper toponymic scientific studies. This paper highlights the key role of linguistics within the interdisciplinary character of the toponymy, particularly in the Andean region, while offering a state of affairs, as well as constant examples of the kinds of problems or difficulties it faces toponymic analysis and their respective discipline backed resolution. Thus, to avoid reductionist and simplistic practice in the study of toponymy, an interdisciplinary methodology is proposed, but above all, aware of the need for a linguistic focus on the Andean region scientific studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 1930s and 1940s, the Italian philologist and diplomat Ippolito Galante made the first critical editions of colonial texts in Quechua, including the Huarochirí Manuscript. He was also the founding director of the Institute of Philology of the Universidad Nacional de San Marcos, where he established a chair of Quechua in 1938. His legacy for Quechua philology and linguistics was significant and durable, but also had some key limitations. This article examines the career of Ippolito Galante and the political and cultural contexts of his Quechuist projects, especially the mixed reactions they provoked in Lima. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo examina la papel de idioma en la conquista de Perú por los españoles. Se describe la necesidad de los conquistadores a aprender quechua y la subsiguiente carácter diglósico de la región. Se explica que quechua se usaba para imponer y ejercer el mando, lo que indica la situación de lingüística jerarquizada que se desarrolló.

El artículo examina los fenómenos de contacto lingüístico entre el español, el quechua, y el aimara en la ciudad de Puno, Perú. Explora los aspectos léxico-semánticos de las interacciones lingüísticas para analizar los elementos de diversidad étnica y desigualdad económica en la ciudad. Presenta las valoraciones étnico-sociales de los habitantes a través de términos y palabras.

The present article examines the history of the incorporation of the Quechua loanword "cachua" into Spanish. The "cachua", a dance and song of Andean origin, was identified as idolatrous ever since its first appearance in documents of the 16th century and in the colonial Quechua lexicography. First, we offer a brief panorama of the contact between Quechua and Spanish in the colonial era and a text revision of historiographic, juridical and catechetical documentation, as well as of the old and contemporary lexicographical works in which the word is documented. Subsequently, we will concentrate on the incorporation of the loan at issue based on communicative, phonetic and semantic aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo habla de los marcadores discursivos, específicamente el uso de "pues" en el español andino. El artículo analiza las implicaciones discursivas de su uso y también su significado gramatical. Sigue con un análisis detallado de "pues" y su influencia de la lengua quechua.