Search

This paper analyzes the way in which linguistic accuracy is formulated in El libro de estilo de la lengua española (2018), the latest normative publication by the Real Academia de la Lengua (Royal Spanish Academy) and the Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (Association of Academies of the Spanish Language). We show that more than half of the rules listed are of a diffuse, or fuzzy nature. We study three kinds of fuzzy rules: rules with a low deontic load, which have little prescriptive character; confusing rules, which are imprecise or subjective in nature; and rules for highly specific cases, with a very limited field of application. Finally, we note that it is not unusual for these three types to appear together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to trace the morphologization process that allowed the formation of a prefix from an adverb, both coinciding in the form no. In order to do this, we consider the theory of grammaticalization to analyze a corpus of 794 Spanish words with no-, gathered from different sources from the 13th to the 21st century. The results show the different stages of the change process in which the adverb expanded its contextual distribution, which allowed it to appear before nouns. In this context, the adverb acquires the typical characteristics of a negation prefix, with specific meaning nuances according to the type of noun base it attaches to: total negation for deverbal nouns (no inclusión, ‘non-inclusion’) or partial negation in the case of concrete nouns (no libro, ‘non-book’). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to present an unknown text in the fields of philology and the history of science: the Diccionario de medicina peruana (Dictionary of Peruvian Medicine), by Hermilio Valdizán (1923-1961). To this end, we analyze the macrostructure, microstructure and iconostructure of the nine volumes that constitute this monumental contribution to the historical, anthropological and ethnographic studies of the pre-Hispanic and colonial culture of Peru, to which Valdizán dedicated more than two decades of tireless documentary and compilation work. We offer a study of the lexical units included in this lexicographical repertoire, as well as the areas of specialization to which the word list compiled by Valdizán belongs, the lexicographical sources that he used for the preparation of his work and the presence of the indigenous element. This will be accompanied by a review of the biobibliographical, encyclopedic and linguistic contributions preserved in this dictionary, which is revealed as a fundamental piece to understand and (re)construct the medical history of Peru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the spelling regulations implemented by Facebook and Twitter users during the national strikes of 2019 and 2021 in Colombia. From a glotopolitical perspective, the study identifies the discursive constructions associated with spelling adequacy in virtual interventions (comments and posts) as well as in public spaces (graffiti) within the context of these social movements. The topoï that support these discourses are located, and the argumentative strategies employed by individuals in their publications are highlighted. The analysis focuses on the underlying ideologemes of these interventions and reveals that both proponents and opponents of the strikes share conservative perspectives regarding spelling, often linking it to factors such as education level, intelligence, and criminality. Finally, the research uncovers a relationship between the unrestricted surveillance of spelling regulations and the defense of social regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a first detailed study of the ethnozoological nomenclature in Urarina, an Amazonian isolate language spoken in Loreto, Peru. Based on a corpus of more than 250 lexical items gathered through fieldwork, we describe and analyze the main linguistic strategies used in the formation of Urarina animal names. As a result, eight naming strategies are proposed for Urarina animal nomenclature, and the relationship between these strategies and the formation of simple and complex lexemes is discussed. The paper contributes not only to the documentation and description of an Amazonian isolate, but also to the comparison, both typological and areal, with other languages of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grammatical agreement, a property of inflectional languages such as Spanish, consists of a formal association of different syntactic constituents. Even though it is a categorical morphosyntactic phenomenon, in Peruvian Spanish non-agreement occurs in different communicative contexts, due to certain social factors that will be analyzed in this paper. Based on a variationist perspective, we intend to identify and analyze non-concordant (NC) utterances extracted from the PRESEEA-LIMA corpus (directed by the author) in several linguistic contexts related to the constituents of noun phrases and verb phrases. An overview of the quantitative results will be provided in this paper. Moreover, we will approach data from both a heuristic and a hermeneutic point of view, through a reinterpretation of the role of quantitative value in the determination of linguistic variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies on anthropogonic myths and on the origins of patriarchy agree in pointing out that the myth of Adam and Eve is one of the most influential in shaping the identity and destiny of women in Western civilization. This paper analyzes a corpus of literary works from the 20th and 21st century written by Spanish and Latin American women writers that offer a female vision of the myth. By transferring the voice to Eve, they rewrite the plot and redefine the characters. The article focuses on the analysis of two of the modifications that these works, manifestly hypertextual, introduce with respect to the hypotext: Eve's perspective and voice, and the transformation of the story of the creation of the primordial couple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to analyze the anglicisms found in the fashion magazine La Moda Elegante (1860-1927). To do so, these words were extracted, and categorized according to their thematic areas, formal typology, frequency of use and first appearance. Previous editions of the dictionaries of the Royal Spanish Academy and the current edition of the Diccionario de la Lengua were consulted. Eighty-eight anglicisms related to fashion, social chronicles, sports and other topics were identified. They were mostly nonadapted and infrequent voices. A high percentage of these anglicisms were included in the dictionaries, and most of them are still valid in the current edition. These data show that they were novel concepts related to new realities which have been incorporated into our language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the linguistics column that Juan B. Selva published in the pedagogical journal La Obra between 1923 and 1927, with the aim of examining both the criteria of authority regarding linguistic knowledge, as well as the ideological assessments and attitudes expressed by the author in relation to the linguistic phenomena he describes. The analysis of the column (which was published in a context in which Argentina was witnessing the institutionalization of linguistics and the expansion of debates on language in the press) allows us to corroborate the centrality of normative issues, a characteristic feature of the genre. However, it also reveals the emergence of a discourse that rejects prescriptive positions and, instead, seeks scientific explanations for the linguistic phenomena it records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present the social and stylistic variation in the speech prosody of the Spanish of Mérida, Yucatán. Assertive utterances from sociolinguistic interviews and discourse completion tasks are analyzed considering the social variables of age, gender and educational level. The prosodic analysis is carried out within the Autosegmental Metrical model (Pierrehumbert 1980, Ladd 2008) and with the Sp_ToBI labeling conventions (Hualde & Prieto 2015). The results show that this variety of Spanish is characterized by a prominent descent starting from the first tonal peak, the early-peak alignment in some prenuclear positions, and the presence of some non-falling boundary tones. The social and stylistic variation suggests that the last two are features that indicate vernacularity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an analysis of the segmental phonological system of Maleku (Guatuso) on the basis of previously published phonological and phonetic descriptions. It has a particular focus on the distinctive features that contrast the phonemes, since no other publication has addressed this topic in detail before. In the patrimonial consonantal system, a total equivalence is established between the values of the features [sonorant] and [voice] if the phoneme classified as a voiced palatal fricative is considered a "sonorant fricative". On the other hand, in the innovative system, which incorporates four phonemes borrowed from Spanish, the contrastivity of the feature [voice] is activated due to the introduction of voiced stop phonemes that contrast with the unvoiced stops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyze the characteristics of the adventure novel of ordeal, which Bakhtin identifies as one of the three essential types of novelistic unity. The exegesis of such chronotope reveals a pattern not unlike that which articulates a popular sub-genre of science fiction: space opera. Our conclusion is that both chronotopes are virtually identical except for a very relevant aspect, temporal reversibility, absent in space opera, because of a lesser protagonism of the event. This is the result of a heroic axiology that is more typical of the epic than of the novel, an aspect that is also analyzed in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the issues addressed in possible worlds semantics is the accessibility relations of fictional worlds, that is, how these worlds relate to the real world. This paper takes the works by authors such as Kendall Walton, Marie-Laure Ryan and Tomás Albaladejo as a starting point to examine those features of the fantastic which constitute accessibility relations in two ways: those that shape the world out of real entities, such as the representation of macrostructural models or the incompatibility of elements, and those that intervene in the access of fictional entities to the real world, such as the presentation of verisimilitude and authentication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Uruguayan writer Blanca Luz Brum was an active part of the cultural and socio-political life of different Latin American cities for several decades. However, her ideological estrangement from socialism, as well as her intense love life, earned her disqualification and oblivion. The aim of this paper is to rescue her figure through the analysis of her texts published in the magazine Amauta between 1926 and 1929, taking into account the author's poetics and the role that her poems occupy in the magazine. The study will reveal the double aspect of her poetry: one that is political, gimmicky and has a propagandistic and mobilizing character; and the personal one, which is more complex, deep and reflects the most intimate side of Blanca Luz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes, from a glotopolitical perspective, the establishment and functioning of a Spanish-Putonghua bilingual public school in the city of Buenos Aires. This institution and its implementation demonstrate a concern for the educational inclusion of Chinese migrants and their descendants, as well as for the preservation and learning of the immigration language. Throughout this article, we will show how Putonghua is constructed both as a language of instruction and as an "object language" in legal regulations, classes, and in the speeches of officials. We argue that the motivation underlying the creation of this school is the increasing importance that Putonghua has gained globally in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The verbs expressing motion+path and locative verbs in Wichi/Weenhayek (Mataguayan language family) contain two arguments in their lexical meaning: the entity acting as the Figure and the Ground with respect to which the location, path, or orientation of the Figure is conceived. However, they differ in the way this semantic structure is syntactically expressed. The entity acting as Ground is mandatorily explicit in locative verbs, whereas it is never expressed in predicates with motion+path verbs. This paper discusses these syntactic differences between the two groups of verbs. Likewise, since the syntactic expression of the entity acting as Ground is formally similar to that of the object of transitive objects, we also analyze syntactic tests for the recognition of these two types of complements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passivization in Spanish takes (active) clauses with a direct object and turns them into (passive) clauses in which that argument behaves as a subject. English allows secondary passives as well, in which the constituent that is promoted to the subject position is the goal or beneficiary argument of ditransitive predicates such as give: Peter was given a book. Although Spanish does not have this kind of passives, this paper discusses some data on ditransitive verbs whose passives allow the promotion of goal or beneficiary arguments. It is shown that there are at least two major types with differentiated characteristics: verbs that enable a construction we call beneficiary accusative and verbs that trigger what we call lexicalized goal-passives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction [qué + swear word] appears in different discursive contexts. It can act as an independent statement, as a complex interjective variant, in reactive interventions, or is integrated within an utterance, occupying peripheral positions. In the latter context, it develops procedural contents similar to those of discourse markers: specifically, it develops a meaning of reformulation and another one of reconsideration, in which it adds an argumentative counterorientation to what is expected by the listener. This paper analyses its functions from a linguistic-pragmatic perspective which takes into account the macrosyntactic functions of the construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the word indio and the concepts underlying it, in American documents from 1494 to 1905 written in Spanish. The paper examines the syntax, the semantics and the contexts in which indio appears, to shed light on the relationships between indio and other actors of the American society, like español, and to shed light on the conceptual changes along 400 years. The paper analyzes various independent syntactic and semantic variables; for instance, the general frequency of the word during four centuries, the textual genre in which indio preferably appears, the quantifi- cation, the individuation, and the semantic classes of verbs. In all variables, it is clear a strong social asymmetry for indio and the low social class status that indio had always in Spanish America. There are some important grammatical and conceptual changes in the 18th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to carry out an analysis of the novel Efectos del amor propio (c. 1810) using a broader theoretical framework than the one that has been used so far to study it. Thus, we consider that it can be typified as "autofiction", a type of novel in which the identity of the main character and that of the author are mixed up, and which is conditioned by a new way of understanding artistic creation that emerged in the early nineteenth century: the "expressive theory of art", applicable to works whose main purpose was the intimate venting of the author. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses concessive resources with a mitigating function which are found in argumentative acts in the PRESEEA corpus from Santiago, Chile. Based on data from 36 semi-structured interviews, the behaviour of concessive-oppositional moves and concessive discourse particles in argumentative acts is analyzed, and their sociolinguistic variation is described in relation to the speakers' gender, age and level of education. The key findings highlight that in Chilean Spanish there are at least 12 strategies that fulfill a mitigating concessive function, among which "sí, pero (yes, but) + negation", "aunque (even though)", "no, pero (no, but) + assertion" and "a pesar (de) que (despite the fact that)" stand out. These strategies are linked to the functions of self-protection and face prevention in the development of the argumentative act. Furthermore, it is also observed that the variation is mostly due to the subject's age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyze the information structure of predicate doubling in Rioplatense Spanish (e.g., Leer, leyó 'as for reading, she/he read'). We propose that in this construction the dislocated predicate functions as a contrastive topic in the sense of Büring (2003), that is, it evokes a set of alternative questions with which it contrasts. We argue that this characterization explains the "continuation effect" that predicate doubling exhibits, i.e., the fact that a predicate doubling sentence suggests a potential continuation that involves another predicate. Moreover, we show that this analysis correctly predicts the distribution of predicate doubling in embedding contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the linguistic features of Afro-Peruvian Spanish as spoken in the municipality of El Carmen, in the immediate vicinity of Chincha. These are linguistic variants that can mostly be found in other parts of Peru, being always stigmatized as 'peasant', 'vulgar', etc. Some features, however, are rather unusual within their national context and may even be related to Caribbean Spanish or to other afrovernacular varieties spoken in Latin America. Against this background, some comments about the place of Afro-Peruvian Spanish in the Peruvian variational context and in the so-called Afro-Hispanic Linguistics turn out to be mandatory. Finally, this paper highlights the actual need of an accurate variational description of Afro-Peruvian Spanish, even more as the Afro-Peruvian community is demanding and, fortunately, gaining visibility in today's Peru (although much work remains to be done). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses «El problema argentino de la lengua», an article published by Amado Alonso in 1932. To this end, we first analyze the type of theoretical and critical intervention that the author carries out; then, we consider it within a broader textual series that comprises a set of texts published between 1927, as Alonso becomes chair of the Institute of Philology of the University of Buenos Aires, and 1935, when he publishes the book El problema de la lengua en America, which includes a highly modified version of his 1932 work. We conclude that this article is an exceptional text in Alonso's linguistic production as a whole, and that this exceptionality can be interpreted as a sign of the process of theoretical reformulation that he underwent during the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Word formation in Spanish, mainly by affixation, shows a mostly concatenative behavior in which the relationships of form and meaning are established linearly. However, there are many cases that cannot be described based on the recurrent attachment of affixes. These formations have long been identified, but they have not been studied in detail, since the type of analysis that prevails in approaches to the lexical morphology of Spanish cannot fully account for morphological relationships of this type. One of these non-concatenative correspondences is the one established between pairs of suffixes that correlate at the level of meaning but not at a formal level, such is the case of the suffixes -ismo and -ista (comunismo, comunista), probably the best-known case of this type of derivation. In this research we will analyze this type of word-formation scheme starting from the concept of solidarity, proposed by Beniers (1996). We will study four productive solidarity schemes from Mexican Spanish, all of them suffixal. In addition to the afore mentioned -ismo, -ista, we will analyze -ero, -ería; -nte, -ncia and -azo, -iza. As we will see, the solidarity scheme allows us to describe in detail the relationships that are stablished between each of these pairs of suffixes. In this paper we will first present the concept of solidarity, its background and the previous work that has been done based on this kind of analysis. Next, we will analyze each of these solidarities to establish their characteristics and constraints. Finally, we conclude that this type of analysis allows a more accurate and appropriate description of such non-concatenative word-formation schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims to provide a classification of the Panoan linguistic varieties spoken in the province of Purus (Ucayali, Peru). The data covers lexical information coming from nine Panoan linguistic varieties of the Purus province, as well as grammatical information taken from eight of them. The data have been analyzed using phylogenetic methods and show the need of including all these languages in a single Panoan subgroup. The results, however, show inconsistent trends between the lexical and the grammatical data: lexical data suggest the existence of three well-defined linguistic units, while the grammatical data point towards the existence of four. This fact opens interesting questions regarding the so-called Yaminawa dialectal continuum. Finally, this paper discusses the position of Iskonawa (an obsolescent Panoan language) in relation to the languages of Purus. The data shows that Iskonawa is closely-related to the languages of the Purus region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the examples of the Quechua grammars composed between 1560 and 1753: a total of nine missionary arts. It analyses the marking of the examples, their topics, their function and their origin so that, on the one hand, it brings to light the links that exist between the grammars of this tradition and, on the other hand, it connects the examples used by the missionaries with the didactic and evangelizing purposes of these grammatical texts. To this end, this paper focuses on the analysis of the chapters related to nouns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1954 took place in New York the first great retrospective of Jacques Lipchitz. For Juan Larrea was a perfect moment to expose his personal teleology of culture. The Open Letter to Jacques Lipchitz is the text through which Juan Larrea reveals his discoveries on the meaning of the contemporary art. According to Larrea, Lipchitz is --as himself-- a prophet of the new times: his sculpture does not represent a second reality, but it reveals a higher, transparent one. The main goal is to present how Larrea took the meaning of Lipchitz's sculpture and added it to his own worldview. In addition, this paper links all these aspects with the idea of palingenesis. This last constitutes, in Roger Griffin's opinion, an axial point to understand the aesthetics in the first half of the twentieth century. Finally, we underline that in spite of Lipchitz --as well as Picasso-- is the most outstanding artist in the eyes of Larrea, the theoretical writings of the poet defend the supremacy of a non-figurative art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on analyzing the use of the imperfect and pluperfect subjunctive -ra/-se in the Spanish spoken in Lima from a variational perspective. From a sample of university speakers of three age groups (young, adults and older), it is proposed to determine if -ra is displacing -se, for which it will be analyzed if the election of one or another variant is conditioned by age. It is concluded that the use of -ra exceeds that of -se in the sample studied. Likewise, it is found that while young people prefer more -ra than adults and older people, the later ones use more -se, which con- firms that one form is displacing the other in the Spanish of Lima. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El morador is the first poetry collection of Javier Sologuren, published in 1944 as a brochure of the journal Historia (n°8). Many critics argue that in these poems the author demonstrates his deft skills with language and poetic forms. That rigorous work of Sologuren also operates composing the set as a structure which integrates the poems in a sequence and meaning aligned with the conception of poetry they express; however, the critics do not mention that aspect of the collection. This paper examines that point on the writing of El morador (which was conceived with a sequential structure and with stylistic unity) and interprets it on the basis of the analysis of each poem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of studies have documented the remarkable presence of Anglicisms in various areas of Spanish speakers' daily life. This paper reports, with updated data, the penetration of English through the digital press. The presence of English has been examined in the digital edition of Canarian newspaper La Provincia (Spain) during the first term of 2019 aiming at showing how any reader and speaker is daily exposed to Anglicisms. The method, based on the manual reading and extraction of Anglicisms in all the sections of the newspaper, reveals that the most frequently used kind of Anglicism is the non-adapted one. Furthermore, using said method, the spelling markers and, finally, the functions of these Anglicisms in the analyzed press are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a study about the process of convergency and divergency in the dialect contact. The pluralization of haber is very widespread in the Spanish of the Dominican Republic, but it is almost non-existent in Madrid. The analysis of these varieties is useful in order to observe and explain the process of international dialect contact. The importance of the study of non-variation within the linguistic of migration is point out. The results of the research highlight two main features: a) Madrilenian variety prestige does not influence some linguistic variables among Dominicans in Madrid; b) the perception and frequency of the variable impacts the process of convergence and divergence of the speakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we explore the negative constructions in Mapudungun from the perspective of current linguistic typology. Based on published sources and fieldwork data, we establish the prototypical negative schemes and their variation in Mapudungun. We propose a typological classification of the constructions in agreement with the standard negation, negatives pronouns, and the types of mechanism that the language has for expressing the negation. Finally, surveyed and advance some general reflections on this phenomenon in the language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyze the work Coa: jerga de los delincuentes chilenos. Estudio y vocabulario (1910) by Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, from a glottopolitical approach. We maintain that the ideological representation of the speech of Chilean criminals (coa) contained in said work responds to iconization, through which the criminal policy of the Chilean State is legitimized based on the scientific verification of the alleged degenerate condition of the criminals, reflected in their language. This semiotic strategy has the glottopolitical effect of naturalizing the dominant position of the Chilean socio-economic elites. This representation responds to the Chilean context of the early twentieth century, marked by the emergence of the "cuestión social" and illustrated positivism that marked the institutionalization of anthropological and linguistic studies in Chile during that period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses a Judeo-Spanish publication, The Traumán, published in Vienna by Michael Papo, from the point of view of Phraseology as a linguistic subdiscipline. Our aim here is to establish the relation of the Judeo-Spanish phraseological units (PhU) of the publication dealt with here with those of Spanish in general and with the elements borrowed from other languages or loan translations. For this purpose, we carried out a detailed analysis in order to determine, study and classify the PhU according to Corpas' model (1996), with certain conceptual adaptations (Penadés 2012, López Simó 2016, Núñez Bayo 2016). From a quantitative perspective, the main results of our study, regarding idioms and formulaic expressions, seem to indicate, the existence of a greater number of idioms, as opposed to formulaic expressions. From a qualitative perspective, the study shows (1) the presence of PhU of Spanish in general, (2) the presence of phraseologisms that can be considered formal variants of general Spanish (some of them contain lexical elements borrowed from other languages and have to be mentioned apart) and (3) the existence of some PhU that seem to be loan translations from German or French. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to present the design features of the DIACOM corpus, a tool for the study of the field-specific lexis related to trade and commerce in the Spanish and French language. This study, carried out by the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures of the University of Verona (Italy) within the framework of a government-funded project, aims at developing the field of Digital Humanities and specifically its application in linguistic and philological research. The paper addresses the issues related to designing the Spanish subcorpus, particularly the ones which have proved especially problematic in the building of a diachronic corpus within the area taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study in this paper the development of the adverbial value 'only' of no más y nada más. We start from the data provided by the corpora of the Real Academia and we take also into account the Davies' Corpus del Español (CE) and PRESEEA. The appearance of no más with the value of 'only' occurs from the first Castilian texts, probably due to a reduction in the sequence y no más postponed to the element on which it focuses. This construction, grammaticalized into a focus marker, is frequent in medieval Spanish and in the Golden Age. Since the 18th century, nada más is documented with the value 'solamente', and its use grows in European Spanish, while no más falls in disuse. Instead, the form no más remained throughout Latin America, where it develops new values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the stylistic and thematic differences between them, Mario Levrero and Mircea Cărtărescu give a main role to dreams and onirism in their narrative texts. This fact has consequences for the fictional space inasmuch as it results in an urban cultural model (dream-city). This paper analyses Levrero's Trilogía involuntaria and Mircea Cărtărescu's Orbitor in order to examine the specific characteristics of that model, the main differences and concomitances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes a typological contribution by describing relative clauses in Uto-Aztecan languages spoken, by centuries, in a geographical area of northwestern Mexico, known as the Sierra Tarahumara (Pima Bajo, Northern Tepehuan, Tarahumara and Guarijío, although for comparative purposes Yaqui is also considered). Relative clauses observed in these languages show that they are nominalized or non-nominalized. Comparative evidences available for the analysis reveals that the relativizers or subordinators observed in at least three of the languages come from demonstrative elements, and that genitive subjects, one of the main properties of clausal nominalizations are disappearing in two of the languages. This fact implies a diachronic change to finite constructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking as a starting point the peculiarities that characterize the Peruvian Amazonian Spanish in its different varieties, this paper proposes a dialectological analysis of the novel Paiche by the writer and painter César Calvo de Araújo. Firstly, we examine the strategies used by the author to condense and reproduce the main items of the phonological system on the written page, and secondly, we analyze the morpho-syntactic dimension, paying special attention to the aspects related to the possessive and the nominal disagreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyze the process of word formation in the literary production of Julio Cortázar. After an introductory section focused on his aim of regeneration of the Latin American novel, one of whose pillars is the renewal of the literary lexicon, the rest of the article is devoted to a detailed analysis of the procedures used by Cortázar in the creation of new words. Firstly, we study creations of a jabberwocky nature (jitanjáforas). Afterward, we attend to the use of the regular mechanisms that language offers for this purpose (derivation, composition, blending, palindromes and anagrams, etc.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hiatus resolution in Spanish speech by means of synaloephe and synaeresis has been studied by scholars from varied times and origins. This paper summarizes different authors' evaluations from the disciplines of meters and grammar, notes the disagreement shown by normative grammar and literary preceptive about anti-hiatus pronunciation, and considers a possible reconciliation though the understanding of a phonological reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper claims that the inner heterogeneity of the so-called Southern or Atlantic Spanish can be best analyzed under the theoretical framework commonly known as German Varieties Linguistics developed by the Fribourg School. This heterogeneity is shown in the diverse status of materially identical linguistic facts in the Andalusian and American varieties of the Spanish language. The paper argues that these status-related differences can only be properly explained under an analytical framework that duly takes into account the complexity of the discursive interaction taking place among different linguistic varieties (diatopic, diastratic and diaphasic), hence allowing for a dynamic description of both Andalusian and Spanish-American varieties. The theoretical framework elaborated by Varieties Linguistics, which offers a modellization of how the linguistic behavior of speakers differs depending on the profile of the communicative situation, facilitates the adscription of different status to some linguistic facts in Andalusian, Canarian and American Spanish which are materially identical, but are diasystematic marked in some communities and diasystematic unmarked in other, where they constitute a polycentric norm in their own right. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on expressions of age combined with the verbs ser and estar in the Spanish of Guatemala and Mexico. It analyses the linguistic and extralinguistic factors favoring the extension of estar and the process of linguistic change involved in the expression of age in the two dialectal groups. Based on the analysis of three linguistic corpora from these communities (one from Ciudad de México and two from Guatemala), the results show, on the one hand, that estar is the most frequent copulative form, and, on the other, that some age-related adjectives favor the extension of the copulative form: chico, chiquito, grande. The paper concludes that age expressions with ser and estar are a feature of dialectal differentiation and, at the same time, an evolution of estar at the expense of ser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we provide a discussion of the most appealing morphosyntactic and semantic properties of causative constructions in Cashibo-Cacataibo (Panoan, Peru), from a typological-functional perspective. We will see that this language presentes a causative morpheme general -mi, and several other morphological and lexical causatives strategies that, in some cases, compete with this suffix. Our paper provides a description of each of these strategies, with particular attention to those cases where more than one can be used to obtain the causative of a predicate. This will allow us to determine the principles associated with the manner in which the different strategies to describe the meanings are distributed covering the functional domain of causation. As we shall see, these principles are consistent with several postulates offered from functional linguistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the methods and tools developed by Hammarström, Castermans, Forkel et al. (2018) for the simultaneous visualization of the vitality status and degree of documentation of the world's languages, this paper provides a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the achievements and the challenges in the documentation and description of Peruvian languages. We attempt to determine the real dimensions of our understanding of the linguistic diversity of our country, and we propose some priorities the description, documentation and revitalization of Peruvian languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking into account the notion of symbolic market and the view of education as an instrument for social distinction (Bourdieu 2002, 2008a, 2008b, 2013), we approach in this paper the linkages between linguistics and education in Peru. With this view in mind, we analyse the language ideologies that José Jiménez Borja (1901-1982) and Luis Hernán Ramírez (1926-1997) displayed in their academic work. Both scholars have been influential in Peruvian basic education and university instruction, respectively. Our account shows that linguistics has taken a share in disseminating a hierarchic and discriminatory agenda in Peruvian schools and universities. Paramount for this process is a set of ideologies that are still prevailing in Hispanic countries, both in common sense and in the academia. We suggest that a critical and historical approach to the relationship between linguistics and education can enrich the articulation between both fields, in Peru and Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we attempt to draw an overview on the evolution of the lexicon of bastionated Fortification from its origins, in the 16th century, until its apogee, during the 18th. To do this, we start from an intermediate point, the second half of the 17th, when the Epítome de la fortificación moderna (1669), written by Zepeda, was published. In that way, we select the specialized vocabulary which is defined in chapter II of the second part of its "Preludios geométricos" with the purpose of comparing and analysing this vocabulary with the lexicon contained in the first treatises of the Fortification in Spanish language, from the final years of the 16th, until the Tratado de fortificación (1772) of Lucuze. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relation between testimony and fiction represented, for Latin American writers who defended testimonial literature in the 60-70s, a dilemmatic option, between clearly defined and mutually exclusive terms. However, reconsidered today, the link between testimony and fiction shows to be more complex, thus it can be addressed by literary theory. In such sense, this paper studies the relations between testimony and fiction displayed within a series of Argentine post-dictatorship texts. We argue that the articulation of testimony and fiction in such narratives cannot be merely explained as a rhetorical phenomenon. On the contrary, it derives from the complex characteristics of the social experience of State terrorism, which is represented in these texts. Based on a wide corpus which covers from Souvenir of the death by Miguel Bonasso (1984) to Tucho by Rafael Bielsa (2014), we analyze some socio-historical basis of the integration of testimony and fiction in Argentine post-dictatorship narrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses three Spanish focus constructions: clefts, the Det+N+ SER construction (e.g. la verdad es que...), and the lo+ADJ+SER construction (e.g. lo bueno es que...). Since their status in the oral-written dimension is still ambiguous and it has even been proposed some closeness with the written language, the research focused on their frequency in an oral corpus of Mexican Spanish, as well as their discourse functions. The data collected shows that these constructions are more frequent in the telenovela, while among non-fictional genres they are linked to those situated within the communicative immediacy space (v. Koch y Oesterreicher 1985). Their functions are grouped in two dimensions: micro- and macrotextual; the latter being the prevailing one since by using these constructions the speaker organizes and marks topical lines in discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]