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This article is the first in a trilogy that deals with corpus-driven Bantu lexicography, which is illustrated for Lusoga. The focus here is on the building of a so-called 'organic corpus' from scratch, while the next two instalments will deal with the use of that corpus on the macrostructural and microstructural levels, respectively. Not many detailed descriptions of corpusbuilding efforts exist for Bantu languages, so each and every step is discussed in detail, paying particular attention to the parameters that have to be taken into account, while not losing sight of the need to log the metadata either.

This article is the third instalment in a trilogy of studies that deal with corpus-driven Bantu lexicography as applied to Lusoga. Having dealt with corpus-building in Part 1, and macrostructural aspects in Part 2, we now focus on the microstructure of a dictionary and in particular on the concept of Mapping Meaning onto Use. The starting point is Patrick Hanks's book chapter by the same title, which we transpose to a study of the high-frequent motion verb -v- in Lusoga. Our detailed analysis is as much practical as it is methodological.

This article is the second in a trilogy that deals with corpus-driven Bantu lexicography, which is illustrated for Lusoga. The focus here is on the macrostructure and in particular on the building of a lemmatised frequency list directly within a dictionary-writing system. The programming code for the parts of the lemmatisation that may be automated is included as addenda. A second focus is on the embedded part-of-speech and alphabetical rulers, for which it is shown how these may be used to plan the actual compilation of the dictionary entries.

In this article a little-known dictionary manuscript from the 1930s, the Lexique kikongo-français by the Jesuit missionary Charles Polis, is analysed in great detail. Section 1 expounds on the goal and raison d'être of the study, Section 2 introduces the manuscript, its author as well as the Kikongo variety dealt with, Section 3 presents the inner workings of the Lexique on macro-, micro- and mediostructural levels, Section 4 gives a lexicographical appreciation based on a large selection of the entries, Section 5 joins the international debate on the exact nature of a dictionary's macrostructure, access structure and access route, and Section 6 compares Polis's work with a dictionary from the same region and period. Conclusions are offered in Section 7, chief among them the fact that Polis designed the most innovative outer access structure of any Bantu dictionary.

This article is the third instalment in a trilogy of studies that deal with corpus-driven Bantu lexicography as applied to Lusoga. Having dealt with corpus-building in Part 1, and macrostructural aspects in Part 2, we now focus on the microstructure of a dictionary and in particular on the concept of Mapping Meaning onto Use. The starting point is Patrick Hanks's book chapter by the same title, which we transpose to a study of the high-frequent motion verb -v- in Lusoga. Our detailed analysis is as much practical as it is methodological. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is the second in a trilogy that deals with corpus-driven Bantu lexicography, which is illustrated for Lusoga. The focus here is on the macrostructure and in particular on the building of a lemmatised frequency list directly within a dictionary-writing system. The programming code for the parts of the lemmatisation that may be automated is included as addenda. A second focus is on the embedded part-of-speech and alphabetical rulers, for which it is shown how these may be used to plan the actual compilation of the dictionary entries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is the first in a trilogy that deals with corpus-driven Bantu lexicography, which is illustrated for Lusoga. The focus here is on the building of a so-called 'organic corpus' from scratch, while the next two instalments will deal with the use of that corpus on the macrostructural and microstructural levels, respectively. Not many detailed descriptions of corpusbuilding efforts exist for Bantu languages, so each and every step is discussed in detail, paying particular attention to the parameters that have to be taken into account, while not losing sight of the need to log the metadata either. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the oldest Bantu dictionary hitherto known is explored, that is the Vocabularium Latinum, Hispanicum, e Congense, handed down to us through a manuscript from 1652 by the Flemish Capuchin Joris van Gheel, missionary in the Kongo (present-day north-western Angola and the southern part of the Lower Congo Province of the DRC). The manuscript was heavily reworked by the Belgian Jesuits Joseph van Wing and Constant Penders, and published in 1928. Both works are currently being digitized, linked and added to an interlingual and multimedia database that revolves around Kikongo and the early history of the Kongo kingdom. In Sections 1 and 2 the origins of Bantu lexicography in general and of Kikongo metalexicography in particular are revisited. Sections 3 and 4 are devoted to a study of Van Gheel's manuscript and an analysis of Van Wing and Penders' rework. In Sections 5 and 6 translation equivalence and lexicographical structure in both dictionaries are scrutinized and compared. In Section 7, finally, all the material is brought together.

Copyright of Lexikos is the property of Bureau of the Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: The ideophone, a word class not unique to but highly characteristic of the Bantu languages, presents particular challenges in both monolingual and bilingual lexicography. Not only is this part of speech without a counterpart in most other languages, the meaning of ideophones is highly elusive. In this research article these challenges are studied by means of an analysis of the treatment of ideophones in a corpus-driven Zulu–English school dictionary project.Keywords: LEXICOGRAPHY, DICTIONARY, BILINGUAL, CORPUS, FREQUENCY, BANTU, ZULU (ISIZULU), ENGLISH, IDEOPHONE, SEMANTIC IMPORT, PARAPHRASE, PART-OF-SPEECH MISMATCHSamenvatting: De lexicografische behandeling van ideofonen in Zoeloe. De ideofoon, een woordklasse die niet uniek maar wel heel karakteristiek is voor de Bantoetalen, is een echte uitdaging in zowel de monolinguale als bilinguale lexicografie. Niet enkel heeft deze woordklasse geen equivalent in de meeste andere talen, de betekenis van ideofonen is heel moeilijk vast te leggen. In dit onderzoeksartikel worden deze uitdagingen onderzocht aan de hand van een analyse van de behandeling van ideofonen in een corpus-gedreven Zoeloe–Engels schoolwoorden-boekproject.Sleutelwoorden: LEXICOGRAFIE, WOORDENBOEK, TWEETALIG, CORPUS, FRE-QUENTIE, BANTOE, ZOELOE, ENGELS, IDEOFOON, SEMANTISCHE LADING, PARAFRASE, VLOEKENDE WOORDKLASSEN

Abstract: At eighteen, Lexikos became a major player in the field of linguistics, by being awarded an Im-pact Factor. This article presents a double analysis of the foundation that led to this success. On the one hand a thorough statistical study is undertaken with regard to all contributors and their contributions to Lexikos. To this end a metadata database was designed, with the aim to answer the question: 'Who publishes what type of material from where and when?' On the other hand a content analysis is carried out which focuses on the actual topics (i.e. 'keywords') in Lexikos. To this end an all-inclusive text corpus containing all the Lexikos material was built, with the aim to answer the question: 'What are the major trends in Lexikos?'Keywords: LEXIKOS, LEXICOGRAPHY, METALEXICOGRAPHY, DICTIONARIES, LEXICOGRAPHERS,METADATA DATABASE, TEXT CORPUS, CONTRIBUTIONS, CONTRIBUTORS,AFFILIATIONS, STATISTICS, TRENDS, ENGLISH, AFRIKAANS, BANTUSamenvatting: Lexikos op achttienjarige leeftijd: Een analyse. Op achttienjarigeleeftijd werd Lexikos een speler van wereldformaat binnen de linguïstiek, door het behalenvan een Impact Factor. Dit artikel stelt een dubbele analyse voor van de grondslag die tot ditsucces leidde. Aan de ene kant wordt een gedetailleerde statistische studie ondernomen met betrekkingtot alle auteurs en hun bijdragen tot Lexikos. Daarvoor werd een metadata-databasis ontworpen,waarmee de volgende vraag wordt beantwoord: 'Wie publiceert welk soort materiaal, vanwaaruit en wanneer?' Aan de andere kant wordt een inhoudsanalyse uitgevoerd die zich toespitstop de feitelijke onderwerpen (m.n. 'sleutelwoorden') in Lexikos. Daarvoor werd een alles-inclusieftekstcorpus met al het Lexikos materiaal gebouwd, waarmee de volgende vraag wordt beantwoord:'Wat zijn de voornaamste trends in Lexikos?'Sleutelwoorden: LEXIKOS, LEXICOGRAFIE, METALEXICOGRAFIE, WOORDENBOEKEN,LEXICOGRAFEN, METADATA-DATABASIS, TEKSTCORPUS, BIJDRAGEN, AUTEURS,AFFILIATIES, STATISTIEKEN, TRENDS, ENGELS, AFRIKAANS, BANTOE

ABSTRACT: Zulu uses a conjunctive writing system, that is, a system whereby relatively short linguistic words are joined together to form long orthographic words with complex morphological structures. This has led to the so-called 'stem tradition' in dictionary making — for Zulu, as well as for most other Bantu languages. Given this lemmatization approach has been found to be inadequate for young learners (who fail to isolate stems), the development of a new approach was imperative for them, but until recently deemed impossible to implement. In this paper it is argued that it is now perfectly possible to reverse the unproductive trend, and to opt for the lemmatization of full words for all but one of the word classes in Bantu. This revolution is made possible thanks to the recent availability of relatively large corpora, with which the really frequent citation options may be pinpointed. Rather than a mission statement, this paper offers the result for all word classes. To do so, an actual guide to the use of a Zulu dictionary is re-represented and annotated.SAMENVATTING: Bantoe lexicografie radicaal omgooien — een gevalsanalyse voor Zoeloe. Zoeloe maakt gebruik van een conjunctief schrijfsysteem, d.w.z. een systeem waarbij relatief korte linguïstische woorden vast aan elkaar geschreven worden met lange orthografische woorden tot gevolg, die ook nog complexe morfologische structuren vertonen. Dit heeft geleid tot wat men de 'stam traditie' in de lexicografie is gaan noemen — voor Zoeloe, alsook voor de meeste andere Bantoetalen. Aangezien deze lemmatisatieaanpak ongeschikt is gebleken voor jonge gebruikers (die woordstammen maar niet kunnen isoleren), moest voor hen een nieuwe aanpak ontwikkeld worden. Tot voor kort werd zo'n aanpak echter als niet-implementeerbaar beschouwd. In dit artikel wordt geargumenteerd dat het vandaag de dag perfect mogelijk is om de onproductieve trend om te keren, en om te kiezen voor het lemmatiseren van volledige woorden voor alle woordklassen op één na in Bantoe. Deze radicale ommezwaai werd mogelijk gemaakt dankzij het recent beschikbaar komen van relatief grote corpora, waarmee de echt frequente opties qua trefwoordkeuzes bepaald kunnen worden. In de plaats van louter de beschrijving van een doelstelling, biedt dit artikel oplossingen voor alle woordklassen. Daartoe wordt de effectieve gebruikersgids van een Zoeloe woordenboek voorgesteld en van commentaar voorzien.Sleutelwoorden: ZOELOE, BANTOE, WOORDENBOEK, GEBRUIKERSGIDS, MINIGRAMMATICA, WOORDKLASSEN, STAM- VS. WOORD-LEMMATISATIE, CORPUS, GEBRUIKSVRIENDELIJK

Copyright of Lexikos is the property of Bureau of the Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lexikos is the property of Bureau of the Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)