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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by a number of T-cell abnormalities, which may play a causative role in disease progression and immune dysfunction. Recently, expression levels of CD38 in T cells have been suggested as a novel adverse prognostic factor in male CLL patients. In the current study, CD38 expression on CLL T cells was examined by flow cytometry in 126 patients with B-CLL and correlated with clinical parameters and established molecular risk factors. In line with previous results we observed a positive correlation of CD38 expression on leukemic B and non-leukemic T cells with clinical stage. CD38 expression on B-CLL cells, cytogenetic aberrations and mutations of IgVH genes were found to significantly influence treatment-free survival. By contrast, CD38 expression on T cells was not significantly associated with an adverse clinical outcome.