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We examine changes in population level incidence and survival of patients diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in the United States in 2001–2016. Data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-18 database. Period analysis was used to calculate one-, two-, and five-year survival. The incidence peaked at 5.6 per 100,000 in 2010 then decreased to 3.9 by 2016, with a decrease in the diagnoses of refractory anemia (RA) and RA with ringed sideroblasts (RARS) and a relative increase in RA with excess blasts (RAEB). Overall, one-, two-, and five-year relative survival decreased over time, going from 74.3%, 60.9%, and 42.3%, respectively, in 2008–2010 to 70.9%, 55.9%, and 37.6%, respectively, in 2014–2016. When survival was examined by histology, patients with RA/RARS and RAEB had similar survival expectations in 2008–2010 versus 2014–2016 and a decrease was observed for 5q-MDS. Our results highlight the need for new treatment options in MDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has been observed in the survivors of several malignancies. Survival for patients with primary NHL has improved in the 1990s and early 21st century, but population-based survival data for patients diagnosed with NHL after a prior malignancy are lacking. We estimated trends in age-specific 5- and 10-year relative survival of NHL patients with prior malignancy in the United States from 1990-1994 to 2000-2004 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program database. Period analysis of survival was employed to disclose recent developments with minimum delay. Five- and 10-year relative survival has strongly improved for NHL patients with prior malignancy between 1990-1994 and 2000-2004, from 38.0 to 54.1% and 24.4 to 41.0%, respectively. Despite a strong increase in relative survival over time, patients with prior malignancies continued to have a worse prognosis compared with those with no prior malignancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]