Search

Oxidative stress represents an imbalance between the endogenous antioxidant defenses and the production of pro-oxidant molecules. The present study describes oxidative stress markers (oxidant and antioxidant) metabolic disturbances in diabetic and non-diabetic patients at the Internal Medicine and Endocrinology ward of hospital of Mali.We conducted a descriptive case / control study involving 30 diabetic and 30 non-diabetic patients. Studied markers were Glutathione erythrocyte peroxidase (GPX), intra erythrocyte Superoxide dismutase (SOD), plasmatic uric acid, direct and total bilirubins, albumin and markers for diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes.Non-diabetic patients (9%) had higher glutathione peroxidase levels compared diabetics (3%) (p = 0.005). An increase in superoxide dismutase was observed in 73.3% of diabetics versus 40% of nondiabetics (p = 0). The albumin, uric acid and bilirubin levels were identical in both populations. Glycated hemoglobin was significantly correlated with microangiopathies (p = 0.0058) and macro angiopathies( p=0,0007) in diabetics.The study showed an increase in antioxidant defenses in diabetics by the elevation of superoxide dismutase and a relative normalization of glutathione peroxidase.Le stress oxydant est un déséquilibre entre les défenses antioxydantes endogènes et la production de molécules pro-oxydantes. L'objectif principal était d'étudier les différents marqueurs du stress oxydatif (oxydant et antioxydant) chez les sujets diabétiques et non diabétiques au niveau du service de médecine interne et d'endocrinologie de l'hôpital du Mali à Bamako.l'étude était transversale avec comparaison entre 30 sujets diabétiques et 30 sujets non diabétiques. Les marqueurs étudiés : Glutathion peroxydase érythrocytaire (GPX), la Superoxyde dismutase (SOD) intra érythrocytaire, l'acide urique plasmatique, Les bilirubines directes et totales, l'albumine ainsi que quelque marqueur de diagnostic et de suivi du diabète.Trois pour cent de nos diabétiques avaient un taux de glutathion peroxydase élevé contre 9% des non diabétiques (p =0,005) ; augmentation de la Superoxyde dismutase des diabétiques 73,3% contre 40% des non diabétiques (p =0). Taux d'albumine, acide urique et la bilirubine identiques dans les deux populations ; hémoglobine glyquée était corrélée significativement aux complications dégénératives micro angiopathies (p=0,0058) et macro angiopathies (p=0,00017) chez les diabétiques.l'étude a montré une augmentation des défenses antioxydantes chez les trente diabétiques par l'élévation de la Superoxyde dismutase et normalisation relative du glutathion peroxydase.

Autism is a global and early developmental disorder that appears before the age 3 years old. It is characterized by a triad of symptoms affecting the following domains: social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication, imagination and behaviors. This work aimed to determine the frequency of autism and to identify its risk factors in Malians aged 0-17 years old.In a cross sectional and prospective study, we reviewed clinical data in 2068 medical charts dating from 1992 to 2012 from all the mental health care centers in Bamako.We found a frequency of 7.8% (162/2068). The age range 0-5 years old was the most represented. The sex ratio was 1.7. The autistic child was issued from a consanguineous marriage in 25.4% (41/162) of the cases. To have parents in divorce, being the first child, and male gender were associated with autism with statistical significance. Our data suggest an elevated number of autism cases in Mali. We plan to carry out a larger prospective study to determine other autism risk factors and importantly to identify autistic families for a molecular genetic study.L'autisme est un trouble global et précoce du développement qui apparait avant l'âge de 3 ans. Il se caractérise par une triade de symptômes affectant les domaines d'interaction sociale, la communication verbale et non verbale, l'imagination, et les comportements. Le but de ce travail était de déterminer la fréquence de l'autisme et d'identifier les facteurs favorisants chez les sujets maliens de 0–17ans.Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale rétrospective de dossiers médicaux de 1992 à 2012 à partir des données cliniques dans les structures de prise en charge en santé mentale dans le district de Bamako au Mali.Sur les 2068 dossiers constitués durant la période d'étude, nous avons colligé 162 dossiers de troubles autistiques (de janvier à décembre 2012), soit une fréquence de 7,8% (162/2068). La tranche d'âge de 0 – 5 ans était la plus représentée. Le sex-ratio était de1,7. La consanguinité entre les deux parents était présente dans 25,4% (41/162) des cas. Avoir les parents en divorce, être le premier enfant, et surtout du sexe masculin étaient associés de façon statistiquement significative à la présence de l'autisme. Nos données témoignent du nombre de cas élevé d'autisme au Mali. Une étude prospective plus élaborée pour déterminer les autres facteurs favorisants de l'autisme et surtout d'identifier les familles autistes pour une étude génétique moléculaire est à planifier.

Summary Dracunculiasis is a dermo-epidermal filariasis that seems to persist in areas of Mali where potable water is scarce. From January to December of 2004 we carried out a study in the Gao region in an effort to determine the frequency of dracunculiasis and describe control efforts and their impact to date. To meet this objective we collected all documented cases of dracunculiasis during the study period and analyzed their reported activity and outcomes in the same year. In total, 294 patients suffering from dracunculiasis were reported in the Gao region during 2004, corresponding to a frequency of 82 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The male to female ratio favored women by a factor of 1.05, or 151 women per 143 men. All age groups were affected with 34.69% of cases falling into the 5 to 14 year old age group and 62.93% in the group of 15 year old and above. Children represented 15.30% of detected cases. School childrean lead with a proportion of 31.97%, followed by homemakers' 31.63%. The needs for trained personnel in the context of dracunculiasis control were met at 90%(48/53); supervision rates of various regional circles were satisfied 100%. This rate varied from 50 to 66% at the outskirts. The need for filters was met, but 39% of these supplies were not distributed to the population. These activities resulted in an augmentation of isolated cases from 52% in 2003 to 62.26% in 2004. Dracunculiasis remains a public health problem in northern Mali. To eradicate this ailment efforts must be made at every level: by medical personnel in the field, sanitation authorities, and the general population. These actions must be accompanied by the provision of additional clean drinking water.

We conducted a prospective study in internal medicine and infectious diseases wards of the hospital of Point " G " in Bamako, Mali from January to December 2002. Overall 112 patients HIV positive, thirty-five patients (31,25%) had at least a digestive parasitic disease. We found that the most frequent parasite in stools sample were protozoa (82,85%). The second most frequent parasites were helminthes (20,33%). HIV/AIDS opportunistic parasites represented 40% of all parasites found. These included 25,71% cases of Cryptosporidium sp, 8,57% cases of Isospora belli and 5,71 % for microsporidia. The functional signs of our patients were mostly asthenia and weight loss. The physical signs were conjunctive pallor (71, 42%) and diarrhea (85, 71%). Generalized itching was present in 54, 28% of cases and abdominal pains in 25, 71% of cases. The global lethality was 37, 14% (13/35). The deaths were due to the HIV infection. The parasites appear even frequent at patients infected by HIV/AIDS, in spite of the advent of antiretroviral therapy. The efficient molecule research against the opportunist parasite must constitute one of our priorities in tropical area.