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In recent decades, quantum dots (QDs) with tunable bandgap, large absorption coefficient, high quantum yield, multiexciton effect, and easy solution processing have unparalleled advantages in photoelectric conversion. Optoelectronic devices based on QDs of different composition have made great progress. However, there is still a lack of reviews on comparing the optoelectronic application level of semiconductor quantum dots (SQDs), perovskite quantum dots (PQDs), and carbon quantum dots (CDs), and also rarely providing a comprehensive summary of photocatalysis. First, this review almost completely summarizes advantages and disadvantages of common synthesis methods for QDs, especially pointing out the importance of optimization strategies for preparing high‐quality QDs such as ligand engineering, ion exchange, and purification separation. Then, compositions of SQD, PQD, CD, and corresponding optoelectronic properties are introduced, respectively. Next, the strengths and weaknesses of the four QDs structures are compared in detail. Finally, the flourishing development in various optoelectronic applications is separately demonstrated, and development degree of SQDs, PQDs, and CDs is compared to discover the most suitable application scenarios for each. On these bases, bottlenecks and opportunities are also put forwarded, hoping to stimulate more breakthroughs in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic engineering faces persistent challenges in achieving precise Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) cleavage, especially with the limitations associated with current enzyme‐based methods, exemplified by issues in CRISPR technologies. This study introduces a groundbreaking approach: utilizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by Multiphoton Absorption (MPA)‐excited Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots (BPQDs) under femto‐second laser irradiation. This innovative method not only allows excitation with lower energy but also enhances overall efficiency. The integration of complementary RNA sequences facilitates high‐efficiency, site‐selective DNA cleavage in the system, named “TADPOLE” (Targeted DNA Precision Oriented Laser Excision). Beyond its precision in targeting arbitrary DNA sequences using quantum dots, TADPOLE harnesses the unique multiphoton absorption property of BPQDs, enabling excitation with lower‐energy light sources suitable for in vivo applications in the future. Moreover, the approach integrates guiding RNA and ultrafast laser technology to provide precise control over local ROS generation and minimal heat production. This guarantees site‐specific DNA cleavage while mitigating the risk of damage to non‐targeted sequences. In summary, this study catalyzes advancements in enzyme‐free DNA cleavage technologies, with transformative implications for genetic engineering, biotechnology, and medicine. The holistic precision, versatility, and endurance presented by TADPOLE open new avenues for targeted gene therapies and transformative applications in related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]